Aphidiinae, Haliday, 1833

Rakhshani, Ehsan, Barahoei, Hossein, Ahmad, Zubair, Starý, Petr, Ghafouri-Moghaddam, Mostafa, Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Kavallieratos, Nickolas G., Čkrkić, Jelisaveta & Tomanović, Željko, 2019, Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations, European Journal of Taxonomy 552, pp. 1-132 : 64-73

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.552

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:173B2F6E-D172-41FE-A78D-FDCE5562E1BB

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B879A-9857-FFA3-FF60-ED110B3A7AA1

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Aphidiinae
status

 

Key to female Aphidiinae of the Middle East and North Africa

1. Forewing with seven closed cells. Forewing 2 RS present and well developed ( Figs 118–125 View Figs115–128 , 164 View Figs 157–170 ) ................................................................................................................................................. 2

– Forewing with four closed cells or fewer. Forewing 2 RS absent ( Figs 73–117, 126–163, 165– 175 View Figs 73–86 View Figs 87–100 View Figs 101–114 View Figs115–128 View Figs 129–142 View Figs 143–156 View Figs 157–170 View Figs 171–175 ) ............................................................................................................................................... 10

2. Antennae 18-segmented ( Fig. 62 View Figs 62–72 ). Ovipositor sheath deltoid shaped ( Fig. 601 View Figs 599–612 ) ............................. .................................................................................................................. Toxares deltiger (Haliday)

– Antennae 13-segmented ( Figs 31–35 View Figs 31–44 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated ( Figs 555–562 View Figs 546–562 ) .................... 3

3. Forewing 3RSa vein distinctly shorter than 2RS vein ( Figs 119, 124 View Figs115–128 ). Petiole less than 1.5× as long as wide ( Figs 419, 424 View Figs 400–424 ) ................................................................................................................... 4

– Forewing 3RSa vein subequal or distinctly longer than 2RS vein ( Figs 118, 120–123, 125 View Figs115–128 ). Petiole more than 1.8× as long as wide ( Figs 418, 420–423 View Figs 400–424 , 425 View Figs 425–449 ) ............................................................. 5

4. Antenna slightly thickened at apex ( Fig. 34 View Figs 31–44 ). F1 4.00–4.50× as long as wide. Ovipositor sheath stout ( Fig. 561 View Figs 546–562 ) ..................................................................................... Ephedrus persicae Froggatt

– Antenna distinctly thickened at the apex. F1 4.50–4.80× as long as wide. Ovipositor sheath elongated ( Fig. 556 View Figs 546–562 ) ................................................................... Ephedrus chaitophori Gärdenfors

5. Antennae thickened at apex, apical and praeapical segments broadly joined forming a club ( Fig. 32 View Figs 31–44 ). Ovipositor sheath stout and wide at base ( Fig. 557 View Figs 546–562 ) ............................ Ephedrus helleni Mackauer

– Antennae filiform or only slightly thickened towards apex.Apical and praeapical segments normally joined, never forming a club ( Figs 31, 33, 35 View Figs 31–44 ) Ovipositor sheath medium sized ( Figs 555, 559, 562 View Figs 546–562 ) to elongated ( Figs 558, 560 View Figs 546–562 ), never widened at base ...................................................................... 6

6. Flagellomere 1 very long, 1.4–1.5× flagellomere 2. Forewing r vein as long as or slightly longer than width of stigma ( Fig. 121 View Figs115–128 ) ....................................................... Ephedrus lacertosus (Haliday)

– Flagellomer 1 stout, 1.3× flagellomere 2 or shorter ( Figs 31, 33, 35 View Figs 31–44 ). Forewing vein r distinctly shorter than width of stigma ( Figs 118, 122, 123, 125 View Figs115–128 ) .................................................................. 7

7. Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated with praeapical depression ( Fig. 560 View Figs 546–562 ) ............................ ............................................................................. Ephedrus niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont

– Ovipositor sheath less elongated, without praeapical depression ( Figs 555, 559, 562 View Figs 546–562 ) ................. 8

8. Petiole with strongly prominent central and less-developed lateral longitudinal carinae ( Fig. 422 View Figs 400–424 ). Flagellomere 1 3.00–3.50× as long as wide............................................... Ephedrus nacheri Quilis

– Petiole with less developed central and prominent lateral longitudineal carinae ( Figs 418 View Figs 400–424 , 425 View Figs 425–449 ). Flagellomere 1 3.80–4.20 x as long as wide ( Figs 31, 35 View Figs 31–44 ) ............................................................. 9

9. Flagellomere 1 yellow, 1.3–1.5× as long as flagellomere 2 bearing 1–2 longitudinal placodes ( Fig. 31 View Figs 31–44 ) .................................................................................................. Ephedrus cerasicola Starý

– Flagellomere 1 brown with narrow yellowish ring, 1.1–1.3× as long as flagellomere 2 bearing 3–5 longitudinal placodes ( Fig. 35 View Figs 31–44 ) .............................................................. Ephedrus plagiator (Nees)

10. Notauli complete ( Figs 212 View Figs 208–223 , 245–263 View Figs 240–255 View Figs 256–271 ). Forewing RS +M vein present, sometimes colourless throughout or partially ( Figs 109 View Figs 101–114 , 146–163 View Figs 143–156 View Figs 157–170 ) ..................................................................................11

– Notauli incomplete or absent ( Figs 176–211, 213–220 View Figs 176–191 View Figs 192–207 View Figs 208–223 , 229–245 View Figs 224–239 View Figs 240–255 , 265–271 View Figs 256–271 ). Forewing RS +M vein absent ( Figs 73–108, 110–117, 126–145 View Figs 73–86 View Figs 87–100 View Figs 101–114 View Figs115–128 View Figs 129–142 View Figs 143–156 , 165–175 View Figs 157–170 View Figs 171–175 ) ..................................................................... 29

11. Antennae 13–14-segmented ( Fig. 25 View Figs 16–30 ). Propodeum areolated ( Fig. 308 View Figs 302–316 ). Ovipositor sheath densely setose at apical half ( Fig. 546 View Figs 546–562 ) ....................................................... Areopraon lepelleyi (Waterson)

– Antennae 15–22(23)–segmented ( Figs 47–61 View Figs 45–61 ). Propodeum smooth ( Figs 345–362 View Figs 332–346 View Figs 347–361 View Figs 362–373 ). Ovipositor sheath sparsely setose ( Figs 583–600 View Figs 581–598 View Figs 599–612 ) .......................................................................................... 12

12. Lateral lobes of mesonotum densely pubescent ( Figs 250, 254 View Figs 240–255 , 257–259, 262 View Figs 256–271 ) .......................... 13

– Lateral lobes of mesonotum with small ( Figs 246, 248 View Figs 240–255 , 261 View Figs 256–271 ) to large hairless areas ( Figs 247, 249, 251–253, 255 View Figs 240–255 , 256, 260, 263 View Figs 256–271 ) ...................................................................................................... 18

13. Forewing RS vein effaced, point-like ( Fig. 157 View Figs 157–170 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum sparsely pubescent ( Fig. 356 View Figs 347–361 ) .............................................. Praon orpheusi Kavallieratos, Athanassiou & Tomanović

– Forewing RS never point-like and normally developed ( Figs 150, 154 View Figs 143–156 , 158, 159, 162 View Figs 157–170 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum densely pubescent ( Figs 349, 353, 357, 358, 361 View Figs 347–361 ) ..................................... 14

14. Flagellomere 1 yellow. Petiole elongated, 1.5–1.6× as long as wide at spiracle ( Figs 450, 454 View Figs 450–475 ). Antennae 19–22 (23)-segmented .................................................................................................. 15

– Flagellomere 1 brown, with small yellowish part at base. Petiole short, 1.20–1.35× as long as wide at spiracle ( Figs 458, 459, 462 View Figs 450–475 ). Antennae 16–18(19)–segmented ............................................... 16

15. Antennae 19-segmented ( Fig. 50 View Figs 45–61 ). Flagellomere 1 yellow. Dorsal aspect of petiole with few sparse hairs along sides ( Fig. 450 View Figs 450–475 ). Dorsal outline of ovipositor sheath almost straight ( Fig. 587 View Figs 581–598 ) ............ ..................................................................................................................... Praon bicolor Mackauer

– Antenna 21–23-segmented ( Fig. 54 View Figs 45–61 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with dense hairs along sides ( Fig. 454 View Figs 450–475 ). Dorsal outline of ovipositor sheath concave ( Fig. 591 View Figs 581–598 ) ........................ Praon longicorne Marshall

16. Dorsal aspect of petiole with sparse hairs along sides ( Fig. 459 View Figs 450–475 ). Stigma 1.9–2.3× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 159 View Figs 157–170 ) ............................................................................................... Praon rosaecola Starý

– Dorsal aspect of petiole with dense hairs along sides ( Figs 458, 462 View Figs 450–475 ). Stigma 1.25–1.65× as long as R1 vein ( Figs 158, 162 View Figs 157–170 ) ................................................................................................................ 17

17. Antenna 16–17-segmented ( Fig. 57 View Figs 45–61 ). Ovipositor sheath rounded at apex ( Fig. 595 View Figs 581–598 ) ....................... ....................................................................................................................... Praon pubescens Starý

– Antenna (17)18–19-segmented ( Fig. 60 View Figs 45–61 ). Ovipositor sheath sharply pointed at apex ( Fig. 599 View Figs 599–612 ) .... ..................................................................................................................... Praon volucre (Haliday)

18. Lateral lobes of mesonotum with small hairless areas ( Figs 246, 248 View Figs 240–255 , 261 View Figs 256–271 ) ................................ 19

– Lateral lobes of mesonotum with large hairless areas ( Figs 247, 249, 251–253, 255 View Figs 240–255 , 256, 260, 263 View Figs 256–271 ) ............................................................................................................................................... 21

19. Forewing m-cu complete and coloured throughout ( Fig. 146 View Figs 143–156 ). Antenna 15–16-segmented ( Fig. 47 View Figs 45–61 ). Flagellomere 1 brown, yellowish at base, 4.0–4.5× as long as wide ...... Praon abjectum (Haliday)

– Forewing m-cu complete but colourless or effaced distally ( Figs 148 View Figs 143–156 , 161 View Figs 157–170 ). Antenna 20–21-segmented. Flagellomere 1 yellow with a dark ring at the apex and 0.5–0.6× as long as wide ............................................................................................................................................... 20

20. Forewing vein m-cu colourless proximally and effaced distally ( Fig. 161 View Figs 157–170 ). Stigma 3.5× as long as wide and 1.5× as long as R1 vein. Antenna 21-segmented. Flagellomere 1 5.0× as long as wide. Petiole stout, subquadrate ( Fig. 561 View Figs 546–562 ) ....................... Praon uroleucon Tomanović & Kavallieratos

– Forewing vein m-cu coloured on first third and colourless for remaning part ( Fig. 148 View Figs 143–156 ). Stigma 4.0× as long as wide and 1.8× as long as R1 vein. Antenna 20-segmented. Flagellomere 1 0.6 as long as wide. Petiole more elongated, 1.22× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 448 View Figs 425–449 ) ................................... ................................................................................ Praon athenaeum Kavallieratos & Lykouressis

21. Forewing m-cu complete and coloured throughout ( Fig. 147 View Figs 143–156 ). Flagellomere 1 brown, only yellowish at base .......................................................................................................... Praon absinthii Bignell

– Forewing m-cu coloureless throughout or partially or completely effaced ( Figs 149, 151–153, 155, 156 View Figs 143–156 , 160, 163 View Figs 157–170 ). Flagellomere 1 yellowish, sometimes darkened to brown at tip ......................... 22

22. Forewing m-cu vein developed, but partially colourless or thoroughly colourless ( Figs 149, 151, 152, 156 View Figs 143–156 , 160, 163 View Figs 157–170 ). Stigma thickened, 3.3–3.5× as long as wide ................................................ 23

– Forewing m-cu vein effaced ( Figs 153, 155 View Figs 143–156 ). Stigma narrow, 3.6–4.2× as long as wide ............. 28

23. Antenna 20–21-segmented ( Fig. 49 View Figs 45–61 ). Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated ( Fig. 586 View Figs 581–598 ). Face and propodeum very densely pubescent ( Fig. 348 View Figs 347–361 ) .............................. Praon barbatum Mackauer

– Antenna 15–19-segmented. Ovipositor sheath less elongated ( Figs 588, 589, 593, 597 View Figs 581–598 , 600 View Figs 599–612 ). Face and propodeum normally or sparsely pubescent ( Figs 350, 351, 355, 359 View Figs 347–361 , 362 View Figs 362–373 ) ......................... 24

24. Petiole less than 1.2× as long as wide. Dorsal aspect of petiole with a pair of triple hairs at posterior margin ( Fig. 452 View Figs 450–475 ). Ovipositor sheath stout with length/width ratio less than 2.4 ( Fig. 589 View Figs 581–598 ) ............ .................................................................................................................. Praon flavinode (Haliday)

– Petiole more than 1.3× as long as wide. Dorsal aspect of petiole with sparse to dense hairs located between spircales ( Figs 451, 456, 460, 463 View Figs 450–475 ). Ovipositor sheath more elongated with length/width ratio more than 2.5 ( Figs 588, 593, 597 View Figs 581–598 , 600 View Figs 599–612 ) ............................................................................... 25

25. Dorsal aspect of petiole almost hairless or with 4–5 short setae along sides ( Fig. 451 View Figs 450–475 ). Propodeum covered with few and scattered hairs ( Fig. 350 View Figs 347–361 ) ........................................ Praon exsoletum (Nees)

– Dorsal aspect of petiole with more than 10 short setae along each side ( Figs 456, 460, 463 View Figs 450–475 ). Propodeum covered with several long hairs ( Figs 355, 359 View Figs 347–361 , 362 View Figs 362–373 ) ................................................ 26

26. Antenna 18–19(20)–segmented ( Fig. 61 View Figs 45–61 ). Forewing cu vein coloured throughout ( Fig. 163 View Figs 157–170 ) ......... ...................................................................................................................... Praon yomenae Takada

– Antenna 16–17-segmented ( Fig. 59 View Figs 45–61 ). Forewing cu vein colourless throughout or coloured only prior to m-cu vein ( Figs 156 View Figs 143–156 , 160 View Figs 157–170 ) ................................................................................................ 27

27. Dorsal aspect of propodeum sparsely pubescent ( Fig. 359 View Figs 347–361 ). Flagellomere 1 6.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 59 View Figs 45–61 ). Mesosoma yellowish to yellow .................................. Praon unitum Mesheloff & Rosen

– Dorsal aspect of propodeum densely pubescent ( Fig. 355 View Figs 347–361 ). Flagellomere 1 5.5× as long as wide. Mesosoma dark brown ............................................ Praon nonveilleri Tomanović & Kavallieratos

28. Flagellomeres 1 and 2 yellow. Stigma 2.0× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 153 View Figs 143–156 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum covered with normal hairs ( Fig. 352 View Figs 347–361 ) ............................................................. Praon gallicum Starý

– Flagellomere 1 yellow with brown apice, flagellomere 1 brown. Stigma as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 155 View Figs 143–156 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum covered with very long hairs ( Fig. 354 View Figs 347–361 ) ....... Praon necans Mackauer

29. Forewing 1 RS vein long, reaching R1 vein at tip of wing margin ( Fig. 73 View Figs 73–86 ). Petiole very short, 0.8× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 374 View Figs 374–399 ). Ovipositor sheath dagger shaped ( Fig. 510 View Figs 510–527 ). Eyes considerably reduced in size ............................................................. Aclitus obscuripennis Förster

– Forewing 1 RS short, never reaching R1 vein and wing margin ( Figs 74–108, 110–117, 126–145 View Figs 73–86 View Figs 87–100 View Figs 101–114 View Figs115–128 View Figs 129–142 View Figs 143–156 , 165–175 View Figs 157–170 View Figs 171–175 ). Petiole always longer than width at spiracles ( Figs 375–408, 410–417 View Figs 374–399 View Figs 400–424 , 426–445 View Figs 425–449 , 465– 475 View Figs 450–475 ). Ovipositor sheath of different shapes ( Figs 511–545 View Figs 510–527 View Figs 528–545 , 547–554 View Figs 546–562 , 563–582 View Figs 563–580 View Figs 581–598 , 602–612 View Figs 599–612 ). Eyes normally developed ....................................................................................................................... 30

30. Terminal metasomal sternum with a pair of prongs ( Figs 547–552 View Figs 546–562 , 602–612 View Figs 599–612 ) ............................ 31 – Terminal metasomal sternum without prongs ( Figs 511–545 View Figs 510–527 View Figs 528–545 , 553, 554 View Figs 546–562 , 563–582 View Figs 563–580 View Figs 581–598 ) ..................... 47

31. Petiole with primary and secondary tubercles ( Figs 411–415 View Figs 400–424 ) ..................................................... 32 – Petiole with only primary tubercles ( Figs 410 View Figs 400–424 , 465–475 View Figs 450–475 ) ............................................................. 40

32. Prongs almost straight, slightly curved at apex ( Figs 548, 549 View Figs 546–562 ) ................................................... 33 – Prongs strongly curved upward ( Figs 550–552 View Figs 546–562 ) ........................................................................... 34

33. Distance between primary and secondary tubercles less than width at spiracles ( Fig. 411 View Figs 400–424 ). Stigma 2.1–2.3× as long as wide and 1.9–2.1× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 111 View Figs 101–114 ). Ovipositor sheath subquadrate at base ( Fig. 548 View Figs 546–562 ). Metasoma dark brown ...................... Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall)

– Distance between primary and secondary tubercles more than width at spiracles ( Fig. 412 View Figs 400–424 ). Stigma 2.6–2.8× as long as wide and 1.4–1.6× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 112 View Figs 101–114 ). Ovipositor sheath rounded at base ( Fig. 549 View Figs 546–562 ). Petiole and last metasomal segments yellowish brown .......................................... .......................................................................................................... Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday)

34. Dorsal aspect of prongs with 7–8 long hairs ( Fig. 551 View Figs 546–562 ) ............... Binodoxys centaureae (Haliday) – Dorsal aspect of prongs with 2–3 long hairs ( Figs 550, 552 View Figs 546–562 ) ....................................................... 35

35. Antenna 10-segmented. ( Fig. 28 View Figs 16–30 ). Propodeum smooth with only posterolateral carinae developed at base ( Fig. 312 View Figs 302–316 ). Primary and secondary tubercles almost fused, distance between them less than width of petiole at spiracles ( Fig. 413 View Figs 400–424 ) ........................................ Binodoxys brevicornis (Haliday)

– Antenna 11-segmented. ( Fig. 29 View Figs 16–30 ). Propodeum carinated with well developed and complete central areola ( Fig. 314 View Figs 302–316 ). Primary and secondary tubercles distinctly separated, distance between them more than width at spiracles ( Fig. 415 View Figs 400–424 ) ............................................ Binodoxys heraclei (Haliday)

36. Apical portion of prongs differentiated, bearing several stout basally dilated bristles ( Fig. 547 View Figs 546–562 ) .... ............................................................................................................... Betuloxys horturom (Starý)

– Apical portion of prongs tubular with 1–2 bristles of various shapes (simple, ovoid or uniformly dilated) ( Figs 602–612 View Figs 599–612 ) ................................................................................................................. 37

37. R1 vein reduced, equal to or shorter than half of stigma ( Figs 156 View Figs 143–156 , 169 View Figs 157–170 , 172, 175 View Figs 171–175 ) .................... 38

– R1 vein well developed, distinctly longer than half of stigma ( Figs 166, 167, 168, 170 View Figs 157–170 , 171, 173, 174 View Figs 171–175 ) ............................................................................................................................................... 42

38. Prongs very short and straight with a pair of ovoid-shaped bristles at apex ( Fig. 612 View Figs 599–612 ). R1 vein 0.45–0.5× as long stigma ( Fig. 175 View Figs 171–175 ) ....................................................... Trioxys tanaceticola Starý

– Prongs long and distinctly curved upward with a pair of simple or uniformly dilated bristles at apex ( Figs 602, 606, 609 View Figs 599–612 ). R1 vein less than 0.35× as long stigma ( Fig. 165, 169 View Figs 157–170 , 172 View Figs 171–175 ) ..................... 39

39. Prongs with 3–4 long setae at dorsal surface and a pair of simple bristles at apex ( Fig. 606 View Figs 599–612 ). Maxillary and labial palps with 3 and 1 palpomeres, respectively .. Trioxys metacarpalis Rakhshani & Starý

– Prongs with more than 6–7 long setae at dorsal surface and a pair of uniformly dilated bristles ( Figs 602, 609 View Figs 599–612 ). Maxillary and labial palps with 4 and 2 palpomeres, respectively .................... 40

40. Antenna 11-segmented ( Fig. 70 View Figs 62–72 ). Petiole short, less than 1.8× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 472 View Figs 450–475 ) ................................................................................................. Trioxys pannonicus Starý

– Antenna 12-segmented ( Fig. 63 View Figs 62–72 ). Petiole elongated, more than 2.2× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 465 View Figs 450–475 ) .................................................................................................. Trioxys asiaticus Telenga 41. Apex of prongs with single claw-shaped bristle ( Figs 604, 605, 607, 608, 611 View Figs 599–612 ) .......................... 42 – Apex of prongs with a pair of simple or uniformly dilated bristles ( Figs 603, 610 View Figs 599–612 ) .................... 46

42. Prongs distinctly curved upward ( Fig. 605 View Figs 599–612 ) .................................... Trioxys curvicaudus Mackauer – Prongs straight or very slightly curved ( Figs 604, 607, 608, 611 View Figs 599–612 ) ................................................ 43

43. Prongs without any long setae at dorsal surface ( Fig. 611 View Figs 599–612 ) ..................... Trioxys quercicola Starý – Prongs with 1–4 long setae at dorsal surface ( Figs 604, 607, 608 View Figs 599–612 ) .............................................. 44

44. Prongs with 1–2 long setae at dorsal surface ( Fig. 607 View Figs 599–612 ) ........ Trioxys moshei Mescheloff & Rosen – Prongs with 3–4 long setae at dorsal surface ( Figs 604, 608 View Figs 599–612 ) ...................................................... 45

45. Ovipositor sheath short, 2.10–2.20× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 604 View Figs 599–612 ). R1 vein 0.60–0.80× as long stigma ( Fig. 167 View Figs 157–170 ) .................................................................................. Trioxys complanatus Quilis

– Ovipositor sheath elongated, 2.90–3.10× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 608 View Figs 599–612 ). R1 vein 0.5× as long stigma ( Fig. 171 View Figs 171–175 ) ..................................................................................... Trioxys pallidus (Haliday)

46. Propodeum areolated with well developed anterolateral and central carinae ( Fig. 365 View Figs 362–373 ). Prongs almost straight with 6–8 long setae at dorsal surface and a pair of uniformly dilated bristles at apex ( Fig. 603 View Figs 599–612 ) ......................................................................................................... Trioxys cirsii (Curtis)

– Propodeum smooth having short posterolateral carinae at base. Prongs upcurved apically with 4–5 long setae at dorsal surface and a pair of simple bristles at apex ( Fig. 610 View Figs 599–612 ) .. Trioxys pappi Takada

47. Propodeum reticulated and irregularly areolated ( Figs 332, 333 View Figs 332–346 ). Petiole short and subquadrate, 1.0–1.2× as long as wide at spiracles ( Figs 433, 434 View Figs 425–449 ). Antenna monilliform ( Figs 43, 44 View Figs 31–44 ) ......... 48

– Propodeum smooth ( Figs 273–276 View Figs 272–286 , 326–331 View Figs 317–331 ) or regularly areoleted ( Figs 277–307, 315, 316 View Figs 272–286 View Figs 287–301 View Figs 302–316 , 325 View Figs 317–331 , 334–344 View Figs 332–346 ). Petiole elongated, more than 1.5× as long as wide at spiracles ( Figs 375–408, 416, 417 View Figs 374–399 View Figs 400–424 , 426–432, 435–445 View Figs 425–449 ). Antenna filiform ( Figs 2–24, 30 View Figs 1–15 View Figs 16–30 , 36–42 View Figs 31–44 , 45, 46 View Figs 45–61 ) ......................................... 49

48. Antenna 12–13-segmented. F1 2.6–2.7× as long as wide. F1 and F2 with 1–2 and 5–6 longitudinal placodes, respectively ( Fig. 43 View Figs 31–44 ). Ovipositor sheath triangular, curved downwards, narrowed to the apex ( Fig. 570 View Figs 563–580 ) ............................................................................... Monoctonia pistaciaecola Starý

– Antenna 16 (17)–segmented. F1 1.75–2.00× as long as wide. F1 and F2 with 0 and 1 longitudinal placodes, respectively ( Fig. 44 View Figs 31–44 ). Ovipositor sheath quadrangular at base, sharply narrowed ventrally, truncated at tip ( Fig. 571 View Figs 563–580 ) ............................................................... Monoctonia vesicarii Tremblay

49. Ovipositor sheath ploughshare shaped ( Figs 572, 573 View Figs 563–580 ) ................................................................ 50

– Ovipositor sheath of different shapes, cup shaped ( Fig. 563 View Figs 563–580 ), subovoid ( Figs 515–545 View Figs 510–527 View Figs 528–545 , 553 View Figs 546–562 , 574. 576. 580 View Figs 563–580 , 581 View Figs 581–598 ), triangular ( Figs 511–514 View Figs 510–527 , 564–569 View Figs 563–580 ), quadrangular ( Fig. 554 View Figs 546–562 ), spatulated ( Fig. 578 View Figs 563–580 ), slender ( Fig. 579 View Figs 563–580 ), acincaciform ( Figs 575, 577 View Figs 563–580 , 582 View Figs 581–598 ) .................................................................. 51

50. Forewing r & RS, M+m-cu and r–m veins well developed and visible ( Fig. 135 View Figs 129–142 ). Petiole elongated, 2.0–2.2× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 435 View Figs 425–449 ) ............................. Monoctonus crepidis (Haliday)

– Forewing r & RS, M+m-cu and r–m veins effaced ( Fig. 136 View Figs 129–142 ). Petiole short, 1.6–1.8× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 436 View Figs 425–449 ) ........................................................ Monoctonus mali van Achterberg

51. Forewing r & RS vein extending over tip of R1 vein, reaching the outer border of forewing ( Fig. 126 View Figs115–128 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with a pair of strong carinae, diverging backward ( Fig. 426 View Figs 425–449 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated-cup shaped, strongly downcurved ( Fig. 563 View Figs 563–580 ) ................ Lipolexis gracilis Förster

– Forewing r & RS vein reaching the end of R1 vein in maximum length ( Figs 74–108 View Figs 73–86 View Figs 87–100 View Figs 101–114 , 116, 117, 127–132, 137–145 View Figs115–128 View Figs 129–142 View Figs 143–156 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole smooth, slightly swollen or with straight central keel ( Figs 375–408, 416, 417 View Figs 374–399 View Figs 400–424 , 427–432, 437–445 View Figs 425–449 ). Ovipositor sheath of different shapes ( Figs 511–545 View Figs 510–527 View Figs 528–545 , 553–554 View Figs 546–562 , 564–569, 574–582 View Figs 563–580 View Figs 581–598 ) ....................................................................................................... 52

52. Propodeum with very narrow, small, central areola ( Figs 277–307, 315 View Figs 272–286 View Figs 287–301 View Figs 302–316 ) or smooth ( Figs 273–276 View Figs 272–286 , 326–331 View Figs 317–331 ) ....................................................................................................................................... 53

– Propodeum with wide central pentagonal areola (336–342, 344) or only with anterolateral and central carinae ( Figs 316 View Figs 302–316 , 343 View Figs 332–346 ) ...................................................................................................... 85

53. Dorsal aspect of propodeum carinated with complete or incomplete central areola ( Figs 277–307, 315 View Figs 272–286 View Figs 287–301 View Figs 302–316 ). Ovipositor sheath truncated at tip ( Figs 515–545 View Figs 510–527 View Figs 528–545 , 553 View Figs 546–562 ) ...................................................... 54

– Dorsal aspect of propodeum smooth or with two divergent carinae at lower part ( Figs 273–276 View Figs 272–286 , 326–331 View Figs 317–331 ). Ovipositor sheath pointed at tip ( Figs 511–514 View Figs 510–527 , 564–569 View Figs 563–580 ) ......................................... 94

54. Forewing r–m and M+m-cu veins absent ( Fig. 116 View Figs115–128 ) ........................ Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) – Forewing r–m vein present, M+m-cu complete( Figs 78,80–109 View Figs 73–86 View Figs 87–100 View Figs 101–114 ) or reduced anteriorly ( Fig. 79 View Figs 73–86 ) …55

55. Anterolateral area of petiole rugose ( Figs 483, 486 View Figs 476–487 ) .................................................................... 56

– Anterolateral area of petiole costate ( Figs 478, 481 View Figs 476–487 , 388 View Figs 374–399 , 496 View Figs 488–499 ), or costulate ( Figs 476–477, 479– 480, 482, 484–485, 487–495, 497–499 View Figs 476–487 View Figs 488–499 ) ....................................................................................... 57

56. Stigma 3.8–4.3× as long as wide ( Fig. 92 View Figs 87–100 ). Anterodorsal area of ovipositor sheath strongly elevated leading to a clearly concave dorsal outline ( Fig. 529 View Figs 528–545 ) ...................................................................... ................................................................................... Aphidius microlophii Pennachio & Tremblay

– Stigma 3.4–3.9× as long as wide ( Fig. 87 View Figs 87–100 ). Antero-dorsal area of ovipositor sheath moderately elevated leading to a slightly concave dorsal outline ( Fig. 524 View Figs 510–527 ) .................... Aphidius ervi Haliday

57. Anterolateral area of petiole costate ( Figs 478, 481 View Figs 476–487 , 388 View Figs 374–399 , 496 View Figs 488–499 ) .................................................... 58

– Anterolateral area of petiole costulate ( Figs 476–477, 479–480, 482, 484–485, 487–495, 497– 499 View Figs 476–487 View Figs 488–499 ) ............................................................................................................................................... 61

58. Labial palps with three palpomeres. Length of stigma 1.6–2.0× R1 vein ( Figs 81 View Figs 73–86 , 105 View Figs 101–114 ). Antenna (16)17–18-segmented ................................................................................................................... 59

– Labial palps with two palpomeres. Length of stigma 1.1–1.2× R1 vein ( Figs 84 View Figs 73–86 , 96 View Figs 87–100 ). Antenna (14)15–16-segmented ................................................................................................................... 60

59. Petiole with swollen anterodorsal area ( Fig. 405 View Figs 400–424 ). General body color yellowish brown ................ ......................................................................................................... Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga

– Petiole with deep anterodorsal area ( Fig. 382 View Figs 374–399 ). General body color dark brown to black ............... ................................................................................................................... Aphidius avenae Haliday

60. Anterolateral area of petiole smooth with 3–4 blunt costae ( Fig. 385 View Figs 374–399 ) ............................................ ................................................................................................................ Aphidius colemani Viereck

– Anterolateral area of petiole strongly curved with 5–6 sharp costae ( Fig. 395 View Figs 374–399 ) ............................... ................................................................................................................. Aphidius platensis Brèthes

61. Tentorial index 0.6–0.8 ................................................................................................................. 62 – Tentorial index less than 0.6 ......................................................................................................... 63

62. Antenna (18)19–20-segmented. Flagellomeres 1 and 2 with 2–5 and 3–7 longitudinal placodes, respectively ( Fig. 8 View Figs 1–15 ). Petiole 3.00–3.50× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 384 View Figs 374–399 ) ............................ ................................................................................................................ Aphidius cingulatus Ruthe

– Antenna13–14-segmented.Flagellomeres1and2with1–3and3–5longitudinalplacodes,respectively. Petiole 2.50–3.00× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 401 View Figs 400–424 ) ................. Aphidius setiger (Mackauer)

63. Maxillary palps with 3 palpomeres, if one palp is with 4 palpomeres then the last palpomere bears trace of two segments .................................................................................................................... 64

– Maxillary palps clearly 4-segmented ............................................................................................ 67

64. Labial palps with 2 palpomeres. Propodeum with complete central areola ( Figs 290, 292 View Figs 287–301 ) ........ 65 – Labial palps with 1 palpomere. Propodeum with incomplete central areola ( Figs 278 View Figs 272–286 , 289 View Figs 287–301 ) ...... 66

65. Stigma 4.5× as long as wide ( Fig. 93 View Figs 87–100 ). Clypeus with 6 scattered long setae. Flagellomere 1 basally yellow becoming brown midway to apex ................... Aphidius myzocallidis Mescheloff & Rosen

– Stigma 3.3–3.8× as long as wide ( Fig. 91 View Figs 87–100 ). Clypeus with 10–12 long setae. Flagellomere 1 yellowish brown with narrow apical dark ring .................................................. Aphidius matricariae Haliday

66. Dorsal aspect of petiole with a pair of convergent grooves ( Fig. 380 View Figs 374–399 ). Forewing M+m-cu vein incomplete, stigma 2.0× as long R1 vein ( Fig. 79 View Figs 73–86 ) .................................. Aphidius arvensis (Starý)

– Dorsal aspect of petiole smooth with fine rugosities ( Fig. 391 View Figs 374–399 ). Forewing M+m-cu vein complete, stigma equal or slightly longer than R1 vein ( Fig. 90 View Figs 87–100 ) ......... Aphidius iranicus Rakhshani & Starý

67. Labial palps with two palpomeres ................................................................................................ 68 – Labial palps with three palpomeres .............................................................................................. 75

68. Stigma narrowly triangular, 4.0–4.5× as long as wide, subequal to R1 vein (1.0–1.2× as long R1 vein) ( Figs 86 View Figs 73–86 , 98 View Figs 87–100 ). Antenna 14–15-segmented ............................................................................ 69

– Stigma widely triangular, 2.8–3.8× as long as wide, distinctly longer than R1 vein (1.3–7.52× as long as R1 vein) ( Figs 78, 80 View Figs 73–86 , 94, 96 View Figs 87–100 , 104, 106 View Figs 101–114 ). Antenna (15)16–17-segmented ....................... 70

69. Apical flagellomere of antenna distinctly thickened. Flagellomere 1 2.6–3.0× as long as wide. Upper areola of propodeum with 2–4 long setae ( Fig. 284 View Figs 272–286 ). Dorsal outline of ovipositor sheath concave ( Fig. 523 View Figs 510–527 ) ........................................................................... Aphidius eglanteriae Haliday

– Apical flagellomere of antenna not thickened. Flagellomere 1 3.1–3.4× as long as wide. Upper areola of propodeum with 5–7 long setae ( Fig. 297 View Figs 287–301 ). Dorsal outline of ovipositor sheath smooth ( Fig. 535 View Figs 528–545 ) ...................................................................................................... Aphidius ribis Haliday

70. R1 vein very short, 0.15–0.20× as long as stigma ( Fig. 96 View Figs 87–100 ) ......................... Aphidius popovi Starý – R1 vein short, 0.45–0.75× as long as stigma ( Figs 78, 80 View Figs 73–86 , 94 View Figs 87–100 , 104, 106 View Figs 101–114 ) ..................................... 71

71. Dorsal aspect of petiole smooth with fine rugosities ( Figs 379, 381 View Figs 374–399 , 404 View Figs 400–424 ) ................................... 72 – Dorsal aspect of petiole with moderately prominent central carina ( Figs 394 View Figs 374–399 , 406 View Figs 400–424 ) .................... 74

72. Flagellomere 1 elongated, 4.06–4.33× as long as wide ( Fig. 21 View Figs 16–30 ) ..................................................... ................................................................................. Aphidius stigmaticus Rakhshani & Tomanović

– Flagellomere 1 short, 3.00–3.50× as long as wide ( Figs 6, 13 View Figs 1–15 ) .................................................... 73

73. Antenna 15-segmented. Petiole 2.00–2.50× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 381 View Figs 374–399 ) ........................ .................................................................................................................... Aphidius asteris Haliday

– Antenna 16–17-segmented ( Fig. 6 View Figs 1–15 ). Petiole 3.00–3.50× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 379 View Figs 374–399 ) ..... ............................................................................................................... Aphidius absinthii Marshall

74. Propodeum with closed central areola. Upper areola of propodeum with 5–8 long setae ( Fig. 293 View Figs 287–301 ). Antenna 16–17-segmented .................................................... Aphidius persicus Rakhshani & Starý

– Propodeum with incomplete closed central areola by weak and broken carinae. Upper areola of propodeum with 3 long setae ( Fig. 305 View Figs 302–316 ). Antenna 15–16-segmented ( Fig. 13 View Figs 1–15 ) ............................... ............................................................................................. Aphidius uroleuci Mescheloff & Rosen

75. Antenna 13–14-segmented ( Fig. 18 View Figs 16–30 ) .......................................................... Aphidius salicis Haliday – Antenna with more than 14 segments ........................................................................................... 76

76. Ovipositor sheath elongate and strongly prominent ( Fig. 525 View Figs 510–527 ) .......... Aphidius funebris Mackauer – Ovipositor sheath broad ( Figs 519, 522, 526 View Figs 510–527 , 534, 536, 539–540, 544–545 View Figs 528–545 ) ............................... 77

77. Antenna 15–18-segmented ............................................................................................................ 78 – Antenna 19–20-segmented ............................................................................................................ 82

78. R1 vein 0.50–0.55× as long as stigma ( Fig. 99 View Figs 87–100 ) ......................................... Aphidius rosae Haliday – R1 vein more than 0.75× as long as stigma ( Figs 87, 97 View Figs 87–100 , 103, 108 View Figs 101–114 ) ............................................. 79

79. Antenna 15–16-segmeneted .......................................................................................................... 80 – Antenna 16–17-segmeneted .......................................................................................................... 81

80. Stigma 3.5–4.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 89 View Figs 87–100 ). Flagellomere 1 2.5–3.0× as long as wide. Petiole, 3.0–3.5× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 390 View Figs 374–399 ) .................................. Aphidius hieraciorum Starý

– Stigma 3.0–3.5× as long as wide ( Fig. 103 View Figs 101–114 ). Flagellomere 1 3.0–3.5× as long as wide. Petiole 2.5–3.0× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 403 View Figs 400–424 ) ..................................... Aphidius sonchi Marshall

81. Stigma elongately triangular, 3.30–3.90× as long as wide ( Fig. 97 View Figs 87–100 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with strong rugosities and unclear central carina, anterolateral aspect with 10–12 straight costulae extended over posterior half ( Fig. 490 View Figs 488–499 ) ............................. Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez

– Stigma widely triangular, 2.80–3.10× as long as wide ( Fig. 108 View Figs 101–114 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with fine rugosities and prominent central carina, anterolateral area with aspect with 10–14 curved costulae, limited to the anterior half ( Fig. 499 View Figs 488–499 ) ....................................... Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki

82. Stigma 1.5–2.2× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 85 View Figs 73–86 ). Antenna 20–21-segmented ( Fig. 9 View Figs 1–15 ) ......................... .............................................................................................. Aphidius eadyi Starý, Gonzáles & Hall

– Stigma 1.1–1.3× as long as R1 vein ( Figs 82 View Figs 73–86 , 102, 107 View Figs 101–114 ). Antenna 19–20-segmented ................. 83

83. Forewing R1 vein 1.9–2.2× as long as r vein ( Fig. 107 View Figs 101–114 ) ......................... Aphidius urticae Haliday – Forewing R1 vein 1.4–1.6× as long as r vein ( Figs 82 View Figs 73–86 , 102 View Figs 101–114 ) ........................................................ 84

84. Propodeum with wide central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 281 View Figs 272–286 ). Petiole 3.0–3.2× as long as wide at spiracles, its posterior part strongly rugose ( Fig. 383 View Figs 374–399 ). Anterolateral area of petiole with 9–10 irregular curved costulae ( Fig. 479 View Figs 476–487 ) ........................................................... Aphidius banksae Kittel

– Propodeum with narrow and small central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 301 View Figs 287–301 ). Petiole 2.4–2.8× as long as wide at spiracles, its posterior part mainly smooth ( Fig. 402 View Figs 400–424 ). Anterolateral area of petiole with 4–6 almost straight costulae ( Fig. 494 View Figs 488–499 ) ....................................... Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao

85. Forewing M+m-cu and r–m veins absent ( Fig. 117 View Figs115–128 ). Ovipositor sheath stout, subquadrate ( Fig. 554 View Figs 546–562 ). Notauli absent ( Fig. 220 View Figs 208–223 ). Antenna 15–16-segmented .................. Diaeretus leucopterus (Haliday)

– Forewing M+m-cu and r–m veins present ( Figs 137–145 View Figs 129–142 View Figs 143–156 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated in different shape ( Figs 574–582 View Figs 563–580 View Figs 581–598 ). Notauli developed in anterior part of mesonotum ( Figs 240–245 View Figs 240–255 ). Antenna with more than 17 segments ......................................................................................................... 86

86. Stigma narrow, its width distinctly less than r vein ( Fig. 141 View Figs 129–142 ). Ovipositor sheath with lateral spatula ( Fig. 578 View Figs 563–580 ) ......................................................................................... Pauesia hazratbalensis Bhagat

– Stigma wide, its width equal or distinctly more than r vein ( Figs 137–140, 142–145 View Figs 129–142 View Figs 143–156 ). Ovipositor sheath without lateral spatula ( Figs 574–577, 579–582 View Figs 563–580 View Figs 581–598 ) .............................................................. 87

87. Ovipositor sheath elongated, 4.0–5.0× as long as wide at base ( Figs 579 View Figs 563–580 , 582 View Figs 581–598 ) .......................... 88 Ovipositor sheath short, 2.0–3.5× as long as wide at base ( Figs 574–577, 579–581 View Figs 563–580 View Figs 581–598 ) .................. 89

88. Antenna 21-segmented. Ovipositor sheath slender, upcurved, apically rounded ( Fig. 579 View Figs 563–580 ). Propodeum densly setose, with small central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 341 View Figs 332–346 ). Petiole elongated, 3.4– 3.6× as long as wide at spircales ( Fig. 442 View Figs 425–449 ) ................................................ Pauesia picta (Haliday)

– Antenna 16–17-segmented. Ovipositor sheath narrow and long, almost straight, apically pointed ( Fig. 582 View Figs 581–598 ). Propodeum sparsely setose, with large central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 344 View Figs 332–346 ). Petiole short, 2.8–3.2× as long as wide at spircales ( Fig. 445 View Figs 425–449 ) ......................... Pauesia unilachni (Gahan)

89. Posterolateral carinae of propodeum absent, only the strong anterolateral carinae and a weak central carina present ( Fig. 343 View Figs 332–346 ) ........................................................................... Pauesia silana Tremblay

– Posterolateral carinae of propodeum present, defining the central areola ( Figs 336–339, 342 View Figs 332–346 ).... 90

90. Antenna 17–19-segmented. Propodeum with small central areola ( Figs 337, 339 View Figs 332–346 ). Ovipositor sheath strongly curved upwards, pointed apically ( Figs 575, 577 View Figs 563–580 ) ............................................... 91

– Antenna 20–22-segmented. Propodeum with large central areola ( Figs 336, 338, 342 View Figs 332–346 ). Ovipositor sheath very slightly curved upward, apically rounded or truncated ( Figs 574, 576, 580 View Figs 563–580 ) ............ 92

91. Antenna 18–19-segmented. Propodeum with complete and straight posterolateral carinae ( Fig. 337 View Figs 332–346 ). Stigma 3.2–3.5× as long as wide ( Fig. 138 View Figs 129–142 ). Petiole with spiracales located at half of the segment, slightly widened posteriorly, 3.2–3.3× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 438 View Figs 425–449 ) .............................................................. Pauesia anatolica Michelena, Assael & Mendel

– Antenna 17-segmented. Propodeum with incomplete and irregular posterolateral carinae ( Fig. 339 View Figs 332–346 ). Stigma 2.5–2.8× as long as wide ( Fig. 140 View Figs 129–142 ). Petiole with spiracles located at anterior one third of the segment, parallel sided, 3.5× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 440 View Figs 425–449 ) ......................................... ...................................................................................................... Pauesia cedrobii Starý & Leclant

92. Propodeum densly setose, with irregular carinae ( Fig. 338 View Figs 332–346 ). Petiole parallel sided ( Fig. 439 View Figs 425–449 ). Ovipositor sheath truncated apically ( Fig. 562 View Figs 546–562 ) ................................. Pauesia antennata (Mukerji)

– Propodeum sparsely setose, with regular carinae ( Figs 336, 342 View Figs 332–346 ). Petiole with prominent spiracular tubercles, distinctly widened to the base ( Fig. 437, 443 View Figs 425–449 ). Ovipositor sheath truncated apically ( Figs 574, 580 View Figs 563–580 ) .............................................................................................................................. 93

93. Stigma uniformly brown. Propodeum with less concave central areola ( Fig. 336 View Figs 332–346 ) .......................... .................................................................................................................. Pauesia abietis (Marshall)

– Stigma brown, yellowish at base. Propodeum with very concave central areola ( Fig. 342 View Figs 332–346 ) ............ ........................................................................................................................ Pauesia pini (Haliday)

94. Forewing M+m-cu and r veins absent ( Figs 74–77 View Figs 73–86 ) ..................................................................... 95 – Forewing with incomplete M+m-cu vein, r vein distinct ( Figs 127–131 View Figs115–128 View Figs 129–142 ) .................................... 98

95. Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated, lengh/width ratio 2.80–3.20 ( Fig. 511 View Figs 510–527 ) ......................... ........................................................................................................... Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday)

– Ovipositor sheath stout, lengh/width ratio 2.20–2.70 ( Figs 512–514 View Figs 510–527 ) ......................................... 96

96. Flagellar segments ( Fig. 4 View Figs 1–15 ) subquadrate, slightly longer than their maximum width, length/width ratio 1.50–1.60. Flagellar segments and hind femur covered with long and prevalently erected setae ( Fig. 502 View Figs 500–509 ). Ovipositor sheath sharply angular ( Fig. 513 View Figs 510–527 ) ........................ Adialytus thelaxis (Starý)

– Flagellar segments ( Figs 3, 5 View Figs 1–15 ) cylindrical, considerably longer than their maximum width, length/ width ratio 2.00–2.90. Flagellar segments and hind femur covered with semi-erected ( Fig. 501 View Figs 500–509 ) or adpressed ( Fig. 503 View Figs 500–509 ) setae. Ovipositor sheath roundly angular ( Figs 512, 514 View Figs 510–527 ) .......................... 97

97. Petiole elongated, 2.20–2.40× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 376 View Figs 374–399 ). Flagellar segments ( Fig. 3 View Figs 1–15 ) covered with prevalently semi-erected setae equal to segment diameter. Flagellomere 1 with 3–4 longitudinal placodes. Hind femur covered with prevalently semi-erected setae ( Fig. 501 View Figs 500–509 ) ........... ................................................................................................................ Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch)

– Petiole short, 1.90–2.10× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 378 View Figs 374–399 ). Flagellar segments ( Fig. 5 View Figs 1–15 ) covered with adpressed setae distinctly shorter than segment diameter. Flagellomere 1 with 0–1 longitudinal placode. Hind femur covered with short adpressed setae ( Fig. 503 View Figs 500–509 ) ............................ ......................................................................................................... Adialytus veronicaecola (Starý)

98. Stigma equal or distinctly longer than R1 vein. ( Figs 129, 131, 132 View Figs 129–142 ). Petiole narrowly triangular ( Figs 429, 431, 432 View Figs 425–449 ). Labial palps with 2 palpomeres .................................................................. 99

– Stigma distinctly shorter than R1 vein, reaching outer margin of wing ( Figs 127, 128 View Figs115–128 , 130 View Figs 129–142 ). Petiole widely triangular ( Fig. 427, 428, 430 View Figs 425–449 ). Labial palps with 1 palpomere ..................................... 101

99. Petiole wide at base, 1.0–1.3× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 429 View Figs 425–449 ). Hind femur with semi-erected setae ( Fig. 506 View Figs 500–509 ) .................................................................................. Lysiphlebus desertorum Starý

– Petiole more elongate, 1.5–2.0× as long as wide at base ( Figs 431, 432 View Figs 425–449 ). Hind femur with appressed setae ( Figs 508, 509 View Figs 500–509 ) ................................................................................................................... 100

100. Petiole 1.5–1.7× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 431 View Figs 425–449 ) ................ Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri Mackauer – Petiole 1.7–2.0× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 432 View Figs 425–449 ) .................... Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson)

101. Forewing marginal setae longer than those on the surface ( Fig. 128 View Figs115–128 ) .............................................. ........................................................................................... Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady

– Forewing marginal setae as long as those on the surface ( Figs 127 View Figs115–128 , 129 View Figs 129–142 ) .................................. 102

102. Hind femur with appressed setae ( Fig. 507 View Figs 500–509 ). Stigma 2.8–3.4× as long as wide ( Fig. 130 View Figs 129–142 ) .............. ........................................................................................................ Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall)

– Hind femur with semi-erected setae ( Fig. 504 View Figs 500–509 ). Stigma 3.2–4.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 127 View Figs115–128 ) ... 103

103. Stigma 3.2–3.6× as long as wide ( Fig. 127 View Figs115–128 ). Flagellomere 1 usually without or exceptionally with 1 longitudinal placode ( Fig. 37 View Figs 31–44 ) ....................................................... Lysiphlebus cardui (Marshall)

– Stigma 3.8–4.0× as long as wide. Flagellomere 1 with 1–2 longitudinal placodes .......................... ................................................................................. Lysiphlebus volkli Tomanović & Kavallieratos

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hymenoptera

Family

Braconidae

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