Revision of the Neotropical spider genus Acanthoctenus (Araneae: Ctenidae Acanthocteninae)
Author
Arizala, Stephany
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, (PG-IB / UNICAMP), Bloco O CP- 6109. Av. Bertrand Russel s / n. CEP 13083 - 865 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Author
Labarque, Facundo Martín
0000-0001-9413-1949
Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva (DEBE), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus São Paulo. Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565 - 905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. & facundo. labarque @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9413 - 1949
facundo.labarque@gmail.com
Author
Polotow, Daniele
0000-0002-1069-1808
Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva (DEBE), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus São Paulo. Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565 - 905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. & danielepolotow @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1069 - 1808
danielepolotow@gmail.com
text
Zootaxa
2021
2021-01-27
4920
1
1
55
journal article
8507
10.11646/zootaxa.4920.1.1
8cd8a768-c115-4b2e-8167-f9ae52eb4f80
1175-5326
4471454
89E38EAD-A8D2-4ED9-A7D0-8C388A785E61
Acanthoctenus gaujoni
Simon, 1906
Figs 10B
,
22–25
Acanthoctenus gaujoni
Simon, 1906: 290
, fig. 2b (male
lectotype
and female
paralectotype
from
Ecuador
,
Loja
/Zamora, Gaujon coll., deposited in MNHN AR5168;
3 males
,
9 females
,
8 immatures
paralectotypes
, same locality as the
lectotype
, MNHN AR229, here designated; all examined).—Mello-Leit„o 1936: 194.—
Bosselaers 2002
: figs 3b, 5a–b.—
World Spider Catalog 2020
.
Acanthoctenus spiniger
—
Simon 1893: 430
(misindentification).—
Griswold 1993: 7
(voucher specimens).—
World Spider Catalog 2020
.
Note 1.
The
syntypes
were kept together in the
MNHN
AR229
until
A.D. Brescovit
separated a female and a male in the
MNHN
AR5168
, for later designation as
lectotype
and
paralectotype
(
A.D. Brescovit
, personal communication).
Bosselaers (2002)
examined the
MHNH
AR5168
and listed the male incorrectly as a
holotype
, probably following the information on the label of the vial
.
Note 2.
Simon (1906: 290)
described the locality of the
syntypes
as “
Ecuador
merid.:
Loja
, Zamora” (MNHN
AR229
and MNHN
AR5168
).
Loja
is the capital city of
Loja Province
[
4º00’26.1”S
79º12’40.7”W
] and
Zamora
is the capital city of
Zamora Chinchipe Province
[
4º03’43.6”S
78º56’48.7”W
], the
southern Provinces
of
Ecuador
.
Both
cities are separated by 63.5
Km
and connected by the
Pan-American Highway
(
National Highway E
45), north to the
Podocarpus National Park
. It
is possible that
Gaujon
collected the specimens somewhere between those two cities, however there is no information on a specific locality.
Thus
, we will refer to the locality as
Lojas
/
Zamora
and used a middle point in the
Pan-American Highway
between the two cities [
3º58’44.9”S
79º05’06.9”W
] to indicate the specimen record in the map (
Fig. 10B
).
FIGURE 22.
Acanthoctenus gaujoni
Simon, 1906
, male (MNHN). A–C, habitus; A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, frontal. D–E, male palp; D, ventral; E, retrolateral.
FIGURE 23.
Acanthoctenus gaujoni
Simon, 1906
, copulatory organs. A–B, male palp (MNHN); A, ventral; B, retrolateral. C–D, female genitalia (MNHN); C, epigynum, ventral; D, internal genitalia, dorsal.
FIGURE 24.
Acanthoctenus gaujoni
Simon, 1906
, female (MNHN). A–C, habitus; A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, frontal. D, epigynum, ventral.
FIGURE 25.
Acanthoctenus gaujoni
,
Simon, 1906
, female (MNHN). A, epigynum, ventral; B, internal genitalia, dorsal (asterisk to gland openings).
Other material examined.
ECUADOR
,
11 females
,
7 males
and
9 immatures
, collected in Hamburg in banana imports from Ecuador (CeNaK); same data
,
2 males
(CeNaK);
1 female
,
V.1954
, collected in Frankfurt in banana imports from Ecuador (
SMF
69660)
.
Diagnosis.
Males of
Acanthoctenus gaujoni
(
Figs 22
D–E, 23A–B) resemble those of
A. manauara
sp. nov.
(
Figs 44
D–E, 45A–B) by the palpal tibia elongated, at least 2.5 times longer than wide, and RTA elongated, longer than wide. It can be distinguished by the median apophysis suboval, with the apex 1.5 times wider than the base.
A. manauara
sp. nov.
presents a basally thin median apophysis, the apex more than 3 times wider than the base. Females of
Acanthoctenus gaujoni
(
Figs 23
C–D, 24D, 25A–B) resemble those of
A. manauara
sp. nov.
(
Figs 45
C–D, 46D, 47A–B) by the median sector subpentagonal, wide anteriorly, extending into the atrium, and the copulatory ducts bended apically. It can be distinguished by the lateral sectors’ anterior border forming a 60° angle with the median sector’s longitudinal axis, and the atrium with two strongly scletotized borders anteriorly.
A. manauara
sp. nov.
presents the anterior border of the lateral sectors forming a 40° angle with the median sector’s longitudinal axis, and one anterior strongly sclerotized border in the atrium.
Description. Male (
lectotype
MNHN AR5168).
Total length 12.28. Carapace 5.28 long and 4.64 wide. Clypeus 0.34 high. Eye diameters:AME 0.30, ALE 0.21, PME 0.36, PLE 0.42. Leg measurements: I: femur 9.10/ patella 3.08/ tibia 10.07/ metatarsus 9.50/ tarsus 2.35/ total 34.10; II: 6.11/ 2.95/ 7.81/ 7.31/ 1.98/ 26.16; III: 5.82/ 2.24/ 5.31/ 5.30/ 1.93/ 20.60; IV: 6.57/ 2.33/ 7.23/ 10.07/ 2.60/ 28.80. Leg formula 1423. Leg spination: tibia I and II v- 2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2, p-1-0-1-1-1, r-0-0-1-1, III v-2-2-2, p-1-1, r-1-1-1, IV v-2-2-2, p-1-1, r-1-1; metatarsus I and II v2-2-2-2-2, p-1-1, r-1, III v-2-2-2, p-1-1-1, r-1-1, IV v1-1-1-1-1, p1-1-, r-1-1-1. Palp (
Figs 22
D–E, 25A–B): tibia shorter than cymbium; RTA with large base, tapering to apex; cymbium elongated and with retrobasal projection; embolus elongated, cylindrical, and curved; conductor hyaline and following the tip of embolus; median apophysis laminar, elongated, narrow at the base and wider at the apex, with a proapical hook.
Female (
paralectotype
MNHN AR5168).
Total length 12.86. Carapace 5.80 long and 4.82 wide. Clypeus 0.32 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.24, PME 0.34, PLE 0.40. Leg measurements: I: femur 6.38/ patella 2.85/ tibia 6.72/ metatarsus 5.52/ tarsus 1.65/ total 23.12; II: 5.77/ 2.56/ 5.42/ 4.86/ 1.67/ 20.28; III: 4.81/ 2.11/ 3.85/ 4.47/ 1.60/ 16.84; IV: 6.22/ 2.21/ 5.09/ absent/ absent. Leg spination: tibia I v-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2, p-0-1-1-1, r-0-1-1-1, II v-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2, p-1-0-1-1, r-1-1-0-1-1, III v-2-2-2, p-1-1, r-1-1-1-1, IV v-2-2-2, p1-1, r1-1; metatarsus I v- 2-2-2-2-2, p-1, r-1-1, II v-2-2-2-2-2, p-1-1, r-1, III v-2-2-2, p-1-1-1-1, r-1-1-1-1, IV absent. Epigynum (
Figs 23D
,
24
A–B, 25C–D): median sector subpentagonal, elongated, wide anteriorly extending into the atrium, projected posteriorly; anterior border of the lateral sectors straight; atrium large, subquadrangular; copulatory ducts strongly sclerotized, curved, S-shaped; spermathecae head quote-shaped, with apical glandular openings, spermathecae base curled; fertilization ducts tubular, slanting outwards.
Variation.
Seven males: total body length 9.63–12.91; carapace length 4.43–6.01. Eleven females: total length 15.63–11.21; carapace length 6.75–4.93.
Distribution.
Southern
Ecuador
(
Fig. 10B
).