Kryptochroma: a new genus of bark-dwelling crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae)
Author
Machado, Miguel
9C99DF66-7481-4DE2-BFC2-FE73D29F8A6E
Laboratório de Aracnologia, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
machadom.arachno@gmail.com
Author
Viecelli, Rafaela
78CA106B-2CFC-4B8B-8E05-168350DA95F8
Laboratório de Aracnologia, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
rafaviecelli1807@gmail.com
Author
Guzati, Catherine
9A03FF9F-07D8-4F15-9735-FAC96FE23015
Laboratório de Aracnologia, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
c.guzati@edu.pucrs.br
Author
Grismado, Cristian J.
A1D00976-57EF-417E-AE28-DF3BF2BAB6B1
División Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “ Bernardino Rivadavia ”, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
grismado@macn.gov.ar
Author
Teixeira, Renato A.
BA923A63-8230-40C0-819A-588EE3815CA9
Laboratório de Aracnologia, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
renato.teixeira@pucrs.br
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2021
2021-11-03
778
26
70
journal article
10.5852/ejt.2021.778.1565
7e1d26e0-1470-4111-8a06-50d8f3ce8ec1
2118-9773
5673850
4AFEC628-D555-44BD-8592-3A338694885F
Kryptochroma pentacantha
(
Mello-Leitão, 1929
)
gen. et comb. nov.
Figs 1
,
10–11
, 18, 19A,
22A
Stephanopis pentacantha
Mello-Leitão, 1929: 59
.
Stephanopis bellus
Soares & Soares, 1946: 58
, fig. 7.
syn. nov.
Stephanopis colatinae
Soares & Soares, 1946: 60
, figs 8–9.
syn. nov.
Stephanopis quinquetuberculata
(misidentification) –
Machado
et al
. 2017: 454
, figs s4d, s5b, s7e, s10c, s11d, s13e, s14d.
Diagnosis
The male of
K. pentacantha
resembles that of
K. quadrata
sp. nov.
by the shape of the tegulum and embolus (
Fig. 11C, E
); however, it can be distinguished by its stout and conical RTA (
Figs 11D, F
,
19A
) and larger body size, since they are the largest males of genus, being the sexual size dimorphism in this species less pronounced. Females can be recognized by the external genitalia bearing a noticeable median septum and a pair of long longitudinal depressions leading to the copulatory openings (
Figs 10C, E
,
22A
). The most common body color pattern for both males and females usually present a diagnostic median white spot on the dorsum of the opisthosoma (
Figs 10A
, 11A).
Material examined
Lectotype
(designated here)
BRAZIL
•
♂
;
Minas Gerais
,
Caraça
;
C.F. Mello-Leitão
leg.;
MNHN 8227
.
Paralectotypes
(designated here)
BRAZIL
•
2 ♀♀
,
3 ♂♂
;
Rio de Janeiro
;
C.F. Mello-Leitão
leg.;
MNHN 8203
.
Holotype
of
S. bellus
BRAZIL
•
♀
;
Espírito Santo
,
Colatina
,
Rio São José
;
29 Sep. 1942
;
B.A.M Soares
leg.;
MZSP 661
.
Holotype
of
S. colatinae
BRAZIL
•
♂
;
Espírito Santo
,
Colatina
,
Rio São José
;
21 Sep. 1942
;
B.A.M Soares
leg.;
MZSP 566
.
Additional material
BRAZIL
–
Amazonas State
•
1 ♂
;
Manaus
,
Fazenda Esteio
;
02°22′60″ S
,
59°51′00″ W
;
16 Dec. 1988
;
M.V.B. Garcia
leg.;
SMNK
•
1 ♂
;
São Gabriel da Cachoeira
,
Morro dos Seis Lagos
;
0°16′57″ N
,
66°40′44″ W
;
1 Oct. 1990
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 1195
.
Espírito Santo State
•
1 ♀
;
São Mateus
,
Reserva Florestal Vale do Rio Doce
;
19°09′05″ S
,
40°04′15″ W
;
19–25 Jul. 1997
; A.D.
Brescovit
et al
. leg.;
IBSP 12719
•
3 ♂♂
; same locality as for preceding;
IBSP 24354
•
1 ♂
;
Santa Tereza
,
Estação Biológica
Santa Lucia
;
19°57′54″ S
,
40°32′25″ W
;
May 2007
;
T. Souza
et al
. leg.;
IBSP 160118
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
IBSP 160128
•
1 ♂
,
1 ♀
;
Linhares
;
19°23′27″ S
,
40°04′19″ W
;
Aug. 1997
;
A. Santos
leg.;
MCTP 10366
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
19°57′43″ S
,
40°31′56″ W
;
7 Sep. 1999
;
R.L.C. Baptista
leg.;
MNRJ 13922
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
7 Jul. 2013
;
P.H. Martins
and
M.T.T. Santos
leg.;
UFMG 14048
•
1 ♂
;
Domingos Martins
;
20°25′57″ S
,
41°01′12″ W
;
12 Jul. 2013
;
P.H. Martins
and
M.T.T. Santos
leg.;
UFMG 16338
. –
São Paulo
State
•
2 ♂♂
,
1 juv.
;
Itanhaém
,
Ilha da Queimada Grande
;
24°29′16″ S
,
46°40′27″ W
;
4–5 Dec. 1995
;
A.D. Brescovit
and
R. Bertani
leg.;
IBSP 10097
•
1 ♂
;
Vale do Ribeira
;
24°32′15″ S
,
48°41′52″ W
;
26 Jun. 2005
;
D. Batesti
leg.;
IBSP 55502
•
1 ♂
;
Guarapiranga
,
Parque Ilha dos Eucaliptos
;
23°44′02″ S
,
46°44′00″ W
;
6–12 Nov. 1999
;
R.P. Indicatti
leg.;
IBSP 132306
•
1 ♂
;
Vale do Ribeira
;
24°39′42″ S
,
47°30′16″ W
;
Jun. 2002
;
E.H. Wienkoski
leg.;
MNRJ 11511
•
1 ♂
;
Cananeia
;
25°00′53″ S
,
47°55′36″ W
;
Oct. 2001
;
E.H. Wienkoski
leg.;
MNRJ 11515
•
1 ♂
;
Pariquera-Açu
;
24°42′54″ S
,
47°52′33″ W
;
Dec. 2001
;
E.H. Wienkoski
leg.;
MNRJ 11534
•
1 ♂
;
Micaratu
,
Morro do Fau
;
24°16′51″ S
,
47°27′36″ W
;
19 Dec. 1998
;
R. Pinto-da-Rocha
,
R.S. Bérnils
and
E. Howaldt
leg.;
MZSP 16980
•
1 ♀
;
Peruíbe
,
Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins
;
24°23′13″ S
,
47°01′03″ W
;
21–26 Apr. 2012
;
G.H.F. Azevedo
and
J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa
leg.;
UFMG 13029
. –
Paraná
State
•
1 ♂
;
Morretes
,
Serra da Graciosa
;
25°22′31″ S
,
48°52′09″ W
;
9–20 Jan. 1995
;
A.A. Lise
et al
. leg.;
MACN-Ar 39674
•
1 ♂
,
4 juvs
; same collection data as for preceding;
lab staff
leg.;
MCTP 7166
•
1 ♂
,
2 juvs
; same locality as for preceding;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 7362
•
1 ♂
;
Antonina
;
25°25′44″ S
,
48°42′43″ W
;
1 Dec. 1986
;
Profaupar
leg.;
MCTP 19453
•
1 ♂
;
Jundiaí do Sul
;
23°26′13″ S
,
50°14′52″ W
;
1 Sep. 1986
;
Profaupar
leg.;
MCTP 19646
•
1 ♂
,
2 juvs
; same locality as for preceding;
27°17′45″ S
,
48°21′25″ W
;
6 Oct. 1995
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 7447
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
27°17′45″ S
,
48°21′25″ W
;
3 May 1996
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 9703
. –
Santa Catarina State
•
1 ♂
;
São Francisco do Sul
,
Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais Vila da Glória
;
26°13′13″ S
,
48°41′19″ W
;
12–15 Dec. 2011
;
I.L.F. Magalhães
leg.;
UFMG 10317
•
1 ♂
;
Reserva Biológica Marina do Arvoredo
;
27°17′45″ S
,
48°21′25″ W
;
5 Oct. 1995
;
A.A. Lise
et al
. leg.;
MACN-Ar 39675
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
14 Oct. 1994
;
MACN-Ar 39676
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
27°17′45″ S
,
48°21′25″ W
;
13–14 Oct. 1994
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 5119
•
1 ♂
,
1 ♀
,
1 juv.
;
Rancho Queimado
;
27°40′22″ S
,
49°01′19″ W
;
8–12 Oct. 1994
;
A.B. Bonaldo
and
L.A. Moura
leg.;
MCTP 5960
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
9–13 Oct. 1995
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 6982
. –
Rio Grande do Sul State
•
3 ♂♂
,
2 ♀♀
,
10 juvs
;
Montenegro
;
29°41′20″ S
,
51°27′39″ W
;
3 Nov. 1977
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCN 8075
•
2 ♂♂
,
3 ♀♀
,
4 juvs
;
Canela
;
29°21′56″ S
,
50°48′56″ W
;
2 Dec. 1976
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCN 8079
•
1 ♀
;
São Francisco de Paula
,
Fazenda Três Cachoeiras
;
29°27′15″ S
,
50°33′36″ W
;
16 Dec. 1999
;
A. Franceschini
leg.; MCN 32046
•
1 ♀
,
17 juvs
;
Montenegro
;
29°41′20″ S
,
51°27′39″ W
;
15 Dec. 1977
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCN 7509
•
1 ♀
,
4 juvs
; same locality as for preceding;
29 Sep. 1977
;
MCN 8080
•
1 ♂
,
4 juvs
;
Maquiné
,
Estação Experimental da Fepagro
;
29°39′41″ S
,
50°12′47″ W
;
6–8 Mar. 1998
;
L. Moura
leg.; MCN 29059
•
3 ♂♂
,
1 ♀
,
10 juvs
;
São Francisco de Paula
,
Barragem dos Bugres
;
29°20′34″ S
,
50°41′46″ W
;
1–4 Feb. 1999
;
L. Moura
leg.; MCN 30853
•
1 ♀
;
Estrela Velha
,
Barragem de Itaúba
;
29°15′36″ S
,
53°14′14″ W
;
17–21 Jan. 2000
;
A. Franceschini
leg.; MCN 32130
•
1 ♀
; same locality as for preceding;
7 Mar. 2001
;
R. Ott
leg.; MCN 33697
•
1 ♂
;
São Francisco de Paula
;
29°26′52″ S
,
50°35′02″ W
;
21–24 Mar. 1996
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 9855
•
1 ♀
;
Santa Maria
;
29°41′02″ S
,
53°48′25″ W
;
17 Jan. 1995
;
L. Indrusiak
leg.;
MCTP 10257
•
1 ♂
;
São Francisco de Paula
;
29°26′52″ S
,
50°35′02″ W
;
9–12 Jan. 1997
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 10742
•
1 ♂
;
São Francisco de Paula
,
Potreiro Velho
,
Pró-Mata
;
29°28′51″ S
,
50°10′28″ W
;
5–8 Dec. 1996
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 13988
•
1 ♀
; same locality as for preceding;
23–25 Jul. 1996
;
MCTP 13992
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
Dec. 2001
;
L.A. Bertoncello
and
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 19427
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
Sep. 2001
;
MCTP 25750
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
Oct. 2001
;
MCTP 25761
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
Jul. 2001
;
MCTP 25762
•
1 ♀
; same locality as for preceding;
Jan 2002
;
MCTP 19429
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
Nov. 2001
;
MCTP 19430
•
1 ♀
; same locality as for preceding;
Feb. 2002
;
MCTP 19435
•
1 ♀
; same locality as for preceding;
Dec. 2001
;
MCTP 19437
•
1 ♀
;
Maquiné
,
Barra do Ouro
;
29°32′18″ S
,
50°14′48″ W
;
23 Mar. 2011
;
R.A. Teixeira
leg.;
MCTP 35069
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
5 Jun. 2011
;
MCTP 35109
•
1 ♀
; same locality as for preceding;
4 May 2011
;
MCTP 39906
•
1 ♂
;
Floresta Nacional de “São Chico”
;
29°25′24″ S
,
50°23′13.0″ W
;
19 Dec. 2010
;
R.A. Teixeira
leg.;
MCTP 39903
•
1 ♀
; same locality as for preceding;
23 Jan. 2011
;
MCTP 39904
•
1 ♀
;
Viamão
;
30°04′25″ S
,
51°06′27″ W
;
23 Sep. 1994
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MACN-Ar 39673
•
1 ♂
;
Sapiranga
;
29°37′59″ S
,
51°00′00″ W
;
14 Nov. 2005
;
E.L.C. da Silva
leg.;
MCTP 19755
•
1 ♀
,
1 juv.
;
Maquiné
,
Barra do Ouro
;
29°32′18″ S
,
50°14′48″ W
;
3 Dec. 2010
;
R.A. Teixeira
leg.;
MCTP 31532
•
1 ♀
;
Santa Maria
,
Cidade dos Meninos
;
29°40′31″ S
,
53°43′10″ W
;
15 Jan. 1998
;
L. Indrusiak
and
M. Monteiro
leg.;
MCTP 38671
•
1 ♂
;
Maquiné
,
Barra do Ouro
;
29°32′18″ S
,
50°14′48″ W
;
5 Jun. 2011
;
R.A. Teixeira
leg.;
MCTP 39905
•
1 ♂
;
Santa Maria
;
29°41′02″ S
,
53°48′25″ W
;
15 Dec. 2004
;
L. Indrusiak
leg.;
MCTP 40017
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
27 Aug. 2003
;
MCTP 40019
•
1 ♂
;
Viamão
,
Estação Fitotécnica de Viamão
;
30°02′11″ S
,
51°01′18″ W
;
6 May 1994
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 4678
•
1 ♂
,
1 ♀
;
Viamão
;
30°04′25″ S
,
51°06′27″ W
;
23 Sep. 1994
;
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 8407
•
1 ♂
;
São Francisco de Paula
,
Potreiro Velho
;
29°28′51″ S
,
50°10′28″ W
;
Jul. 2001
;
L.A. Bertoncello
and
A.A. Lise
leg.;
MCTP 19434
•
1 ♂
; same locality as for preceding;
Oct. 2001
;
MCTP 19436
.
Fig. 10.
Female of
Kryptochroma pentacantha
(
Mello-Leitão, 1929
)
gen. et comb. nov.
(
MCTP
38671)
A
. Habitus, dorsal view.
B
. Front.
C, E
. Epigynal plate, ventral view,
D, F
. Spermathecae, dorsal view.
Description
Female
(MCTP 38671)
PROSOMA. Anterior eye row strongly recurved and posterior slightly procurve, carapace predominantly dark-brown with yellowish stains on sides; thoracic region with a pronounced median spire (
Fig. 10A– B
). Clypeus lighter than the rest of carapace, with a marginal yellowish triangle-shaped mark; chelicerae brown with yellowish stains (
Fig. 10B
), sternum scutiform, slightly longer than wide, dark-brown with a yellow median macula, endites and labium truncated and totally dark-brown.
LEGS. Predominantly dark-brown with dispersed lighter stains; femora I and II dorsally enlarged, suffused with dorsolateral and ventral conical sockets with a conical macrosetae in each one; tibia I and II with four pairs of ventral macrosetae (
Fig. 10A
).
OPISTHOSOMA. Dark-brown, rough surfaced, with concave anterior border and a remarkable white taint between the anterior muscular sigilla; the median posterior opisthosomal projection presents acuminate orange tubercles at the tip, with many leaf-shaped setae (
Fig. 10B
).
MEASUREMENTS. Eye diameters and eye interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.14, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09, AME– AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.12, PME–PME 0.24, PME–PLE 0.08, MOQ length 0.45, MOQ width 0.40; leg formula: 1-2-4-3: leg I – femur 3.83/ patella 2.07/ tibiae 2.59/ metatarsus 1.81/ tarsus 1.29/ total 11.59; II – 3.78/ 1.96/ 2.38/ 1.76/ 1.29/ 11.17; III – 1.96/ 1.29/ 1.70/ 1.03/ 0.77/ 6.75; IV – 2.48/ 1.29/ 1.81/ 1.34/ 0.82/
Fig. 11.
Male of
Kryptochroma pentacantha
(
Mello-Leitão, 1929
)
gen. et comb. nov.
(MCTP 25762).
A
. Habitus, dorsal view.
B
. Front.
C–F
. Left male palp.
C, E
. Ventral view.
D, F
. Retrolateral view.
7.74. Total body length 9.81; carapace 4.14 length, 3.83 width; opisthosoma length 4.87; clypeus 0.28 height; sternum 1.41 length, 1.12 width; endites 0.74 length, 0.38 width; labium 0.41 length, 0.51 width.
Male
(MCTP 25762) PROSOMA. Eye disposition and carapace coloration pattern as in female, except by the posterior slope scars, which are yellow (
Fig. 11A
). Front lighter than the rest of carapace due to a yellowish triangular mark that extends from the clypeus until the ALE (
Fig. 11B
). Sternum scutiform, as long as wide, darkbrown with a yellow taint; labium and endites totally dark-brown and truncated.
LEGS. Metatarsi of all legs with a distal yellow stain and posterior femora noticeably bicolor, half yellow, half dark-brown; other leg characteristics as in females (
Fig. 11A
).
OPISTHOSOMA. As in female, except by the shorter median posterior opisthosomal projection and the lack of agglomerated orange tubercles.
MEASUREMENTS. Eye diameters and eye interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.11, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08, AME– AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.06, MOQ length 0.32, MOQ width 0.35; leg formula: 1-2-4-3: leg I – femur 1.61/ patella 0.88/ tibiae 1.24/ metatarsus 0.91/ tarsus 0.56/ total 5.20; II – 1.38/ 0.72/ 0.88/ 0.75/ 0.51/ 4.24; III – 0.88/ 0.48/ 0.72/ 0.48/ 0.35/ 2.91; IV – 1.12/ 0.48/ 0.72/ 0.56/ 0.40/ 3.28. Total body length 5.17; carapace 2.43 length, 2.33 width; opisthosoma length 2.74; clypeus 0.29 height; sternum 0.87 length, 0.80 width; endites 0.04 length, 0.24 width; labium 0.25 length, 0.32 width.
Distribution
Brazil
(Amazonas,
Espiríto Santo
,
São Paulo
,
Paraná
,
Santa Catarina
and
Rio Grande do Sul
) (
Fig. 18
).