Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species Author Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra 0000-0002-7587-3936 Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa de Crustáceos, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. & Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa de Crustáceos, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia (Laboratório de Carcinologia), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7587 - 3936 & Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. * Corresponding author: feliperibeiro @ ffclrp. usp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8623 - 1576 feliperibeiro@ffclrp.usp.br Author Araujo, Paula Beatriz 0000-0002-7587-3936 Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa de Crustáceos, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. & Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia (Laboratório de Carcinologia), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7587 - 3936 & Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa de Crustáceos, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. text Zootaxa 2024 2024-05-23 5455 1 1 84 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1 1175-5334 11257672 08C2F841-1BF8-492D-A6DE-788CC5595E03 Parastacus promatensis Fontoura & Conter, 2008 ( Figs. 23–24 ) Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis Fontoura & Conter, 2008: 29 , fig. 1.—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al . 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1a. Parastacus brasiliensis pomatensis .—­ Crandall & De Grave 2017:641 . [erroneous spelling]. Parastacus promatensis .—­ Miranda et al . 2018: 1272 , fig. 4.—­ Rogers et al . 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.71A.—­ Huber et al . 2022: 276 (key).—­ Huber et al . 2024: 14 (key). Type locality. São Francisco de Paula , state of Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil . Type material re-examined. Holotype : male, Brazil , Rio Grande do Sul , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 25/II/1997 ( MCTP 2085 ) ; Paratypes : six males and two females , same data as holotype ( MCTP 2086 ) . Material examined. Brazil , Rio Grande do Sul : one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 , coll. L. C. C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4160 ) ; two females and 1 male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS) ( 29°29’21.99”S 50°13’3.972”), 2014 ( UFRGS 5949 ) ; two female and two males , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 05/IV/1995 , coll. N. Fontoura ( UFRGS 2110 ) ; one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 08/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4156 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L. C. C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4148 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4159 ) ; one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4157 ) ; one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4155 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L. C. C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4153 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4150 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4152 ) ; one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4149 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4151 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4154 ) ; one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4158 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4161 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 , coll. L. C. C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4162 ) ; one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4163 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 , coll. L.C.C. Daudt ( UFRGS 4164 ) ; five females and four male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), X/2012 , coll. G.T. Oliveira ( UFRGS 6151 ) ; one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 ( MCTP 2639 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 ( MCTP 2640 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 ( MCTP 2641 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 ( MCTP 2642 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/ VII/2005 ( MCTP 2643 ) ; one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 ( MCTP 2644 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2645 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2646 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2647 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2648 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2649 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2650 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2651 ) one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2652 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 ( MCTP 2653 ) ; one male , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 22/V/2006 ( MCTP 2654 ) ; four males and one female , São Francisco de Paula , Riacho Garapiá , CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 21/IX/2009 ( MCTP 2981 ) . FIGURE 23. Parastacus promatensis Fontoura & Conter 2008 , holotype and paratypes: A—­ habitus, dorsal view (MCTP 2086); B—­ cephalon, dorsal view (MCTP 2086); C—­ cephalon lateral view (MCTP 2086); D—­ female pleonal somites, dorsal view (MCTP 2086); E—­ first to third male pleonal pleura (MCTP 2086); F—­ first to third second female pleonal pleura (MCTP 2086); G—­ tailfan (MCTP 2086). Scale bars: A—­ 20 mm; B, G—­ 5 mm; C, D, E, F—­ 10 mm. FIGURE 24. Parastacus promatensis Fontoura & Conter 2008 , holotype and paratypes: A—­ epistome (MCTP 2086); B—­ thoracic sternites and gonopores (MCTP 2086); C—­ thoracomere 8, caudal view (MCTP 2086); D—­ antennal scale, lateral view (UFRGS 4157); E—­ mandible (UFRGS 4157); F—­ third maxilliped, ventral view (UFRGS 4157); G—­ third maxilliped, dorsal view (UFRGS 4157); H—­ first pereiopod, lateral view (MCTP 2086); I—­ first pereiopod, dorsal view (MCTP 2086); J—­ second pereiopod, lateral view (MCTP 2086). Scale bars: B, H, I—­ 10 mm; A, C, F, G, J—­ 5 mm; D, E—­ 3.33 mm. Diagnosis and Description. Fontoura & Conter (2008) . Remarks. This species was first described as a subspecies of P. brasiliensis based mainly on a morphometric analysis of individuals previously identified as P. brasiliensis from the locality of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil . However, Miranda et al . (2018) elevated this taxon to the species level based on genetic, morphological, and distribution analysis. However, recent articles erroneously place this taxon at subspecies level (De los Ríos-Escalante et al . 2022 ). Additional morphological characters not mentioned in previous descriptions include: eyes small ( Fig. 23A, B, C ); front narrow ( Fig. 23A, B ); epistome anterolateral section with a blunt conical projection and tubercles ( Fig. 24A ); antennal scale lateral margin straight ( Fig. 24D ); antennule internal ventral border of basal article without one sharp spine ( Fig. 24A ); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisor lobe with nine teeth; the third tooth from the anterior are the largest ( Fig. 24E ); SLP4 smallest and close to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP5 close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with slightly concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and slightly inflated; SLP7 largest and with slightly concave surface, median keel present and inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each, bullar lobes visible and widely separated ( Fig. 24B, C ); male cuticle partition present. This species is morphologically similar to P. brasiliensis and P. fluviatilis in having the chelipeds long and laterally flattened, triangular rostrum and post orbital carinae prominent, but it can bedistinguishable by the longer dactyls of chelipeds and the entire lateral margin of chelipeds covered by verrucous tubercles irregularly distributed. Distribution. Brazil , state of Rio Grande do Sul ( Fontoura & Conter 2008 ; Miranda et al . 2018 ). Color of live specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, dorsal pleon, tailfan and pereiopods greenish brown or dark brown or black. Antennal flagellum light brown ( Miranda et al . 2018 ). Habitat and Ecology. Streams at high altitudes (~ 850 m ) ( Fontoura & Conter 2008 ). No data is available concerning burrow structure, but probably this species should be classified as a tertiary burrower according to the habitat where the specimens were collected ( Ribeiro et al . 2020 ).