A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles jesusugaldei Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 120 , 121 Female. Body length 2.07 mm , antenna length 2.17 mm , fore wing length 2.27 mm . Type material. Holotype : COSTA RICA • 1♀ ; 10-SRNP-56312, DHJPAR0040396; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Mundo Nuevo , Vado Zanja Tapada ; dry-rain intergrade forest; 550 m ; 10.76480 , -85.38445 ; 06.viii.2010 ; Mariano Pereira leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 12.viii.2010 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.viii.2010 ; ( CNC ) . Paratypes . • 9 ( 2♀ , 2♂ ) ( 5♀ , 0 ♂ ); 10-SRNP-56312, DHJPAR0040396; same data as for holotype; ( CNC ) . Other material. Reared material. COSTA RICA : Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector Santa Rosa , Bosque Humedo : • 12 ( 2♀ , 2♂ ) ( 5♀ , 3♂ ); 92-SRNP-5824, DHJPAR0000068; dry forest; 290 m ; 10.85145 , -85.60801 ; 05.xi.1992 ; gusaneros leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons on leaf on both sides of caterpillar, rather than underneath body, widely spaced cocoons; adult parasitoids emerged on 16.xi.1992 . • 17 ( 5♀ , 1♂ ) ( 11♀ , 0 ♂ ); 98-SRNP-12670, DHJPAR0000100; same data as for preceding except: 01.xi.1998 ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; two rows of white parallel cordwood cocoons on each side of larva, not stacked and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoid emerged on 09.xi.1998 . • 18 ( 2♀ , 1♂ ) ( 14♀ , 1♂ ); 98-SRNP-12679, DHJPAR0000101; same data as for preceding except: 01.xi.1998 ; two parallel rows of white cylinders on each side of larva, not stacked, each slightly separate from the other, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.xi.1998 . • 5 ( 2♀ , 1♂ ) ( 2♀ , 0 ♂ ); 98-SRNP-12783, DHJPAR0000103; same data as for preceding except: 09.xi.1998 ; Manuel Pereira leg.; white neatly ordered cocoons side by side on each side of the larva, not stacked, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 19.xi.1998 . • 7 ( 2♀ , 2♂ ) ( 2♀ , 1♂ ); 98-SRNP-12784, DHJPAR0000104; same data as for preceding except: 09.xi.1998 ; Manuel Pereira leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white cocoons irregular fluffy adhered to each other and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.xi.1998 . • 6 ( 2♀ , 2♂ ) ( 1♀ , 1♂ ); 98-SRNP-12785, DHJPAR0000105; same data as for preceding except: 09.xi.1998 ; Manuel Pereira leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white single cocoons in two orderly rows of cordwood on each side of body, not stacked, side by side, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.xi.1998 ; specimens of Mesochorus ( Ichneumonidae : Mesochorinae ) were reported as hyperparasitoids . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector El Hacha , Sendero Bejuquilla : • 19 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 9♀ , 0 ♂ ); 01-SRNP-11932, DHJPAR0000012; dry-rain intergrade forest; 280 m ; 11.03004 , -85.52699 ; 07.xi.2001 ; Lucia Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; adult parasitoids emerged on 25.xi.2001 . • 29 ( 5♀ , 4♂ ) ( 20♀ , 0 ♂ ); 01-SRNP-24006, DHJPAR0000017; same data as for preceding except: 18.xi.2001 ; grayish lightly cocoons adhered to the leaf forming two parallel rows of cordwood on both sides of the cadaver, cocoons at right angles to the cadaver; adult parasitoids emerged on 29.xi.2001 . Malaise-trapped material. COSTA RICA : Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector El Hacha , Sendero Bejuquilla : • 1 (0 ♀ , 1♂ ) (0 ♀ , 0 ♂ ); 99-SRNP-19244, DHJPAR0013631; dry-rain intergrade forest; Malaise trap ; 280 m ; 11.03004 , -85.52699 ; 18.i.1999 ; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg. Diagnosis. Antenna longer than body, malar suture present, longitudinal median carina on face absent, surface of metasternum flat or nearly so, fore wing with r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 120H , 121I ), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally, completely smooth, and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen ( Figs 120D, F , 121D, G ), propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Figs 120C , 121C ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 120D, F , 121D, G ). Figure 120. Glyptapanteles jesusugaldei sp. nov. female 98-SRNP-12679 DHJPAR0000101, 10-SRNP-56312 DHJPAR0040396 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsal view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T1-2, dorsal view F Metasoma, dorsal view G Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view H, I Wings H Fore I Hind. Figure 121. Glyptapanteles jesusugaldei sp. nov. male 98-SRNP-12679 DHJPAR0000101, 10-SRNP-56312 DHJPAR0040396 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsal view E Lateral view C Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T1-2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H Genitalia: parameres, lateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind. Coloration ( Fig. 120A ). General body coloration dark brown, although some areas on body are light brown/reddish as propleuron, both dorsal and ventral furrows of pronotum, epicnemial ridge, ventral edge of mesopleuron, distal corners of mesoscutum, scape, pedicel, labrum, and mandibles yellow-brown; first four-five proximal antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (yellow-brown) than ventrally (brown), remaining flagellomeres brown on both sides; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except fore coxae which proximally with a small light brown area, middle coxae proximally brown, but distally yellow-brown, and claws brown; hind legs yellow except dark brown coxae, yellow-brown femora (intensity of yellow-brown coloration increasing from proximal to distal), distal 1/3 of tibia, and tarsomeres brown although basitarsus proximally yellow. Petiole on T1 brown, but proximally yellow, contours darkened and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends yellow; T3 with a brown area which width coincides with the width of median area on T2, thus both T2 and T3 forming a large brown triangle and lateral ends yellow; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 yellow; T4 and beyond brown. S1-4 yellow; penultimate sternum and hypopygium brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 120A, B, E ). Head rounded with pubescence short and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.17:0.06, 0.17:0.06, 0.18:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.10:0.05, 0.08:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.17, 2.07); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with dense fine punctations, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina absent. Frons punctate. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.08, 0.11). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 120 A-C , E ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and depressed centrally. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick, smooth and with a distal flat flange; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half slightly rugose; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with a mix of rugae and fine punctation, dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep, smooth and shiny; epicnemial ridge elongated and more fusiform. Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.20, 0.17), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.09). Wings ( Fig. 120H, I ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A present only proximally as tubular vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae present only proximally. Metasoma ( Fig. 120A, D, F, G ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.28, maximum width 0.14, minimum width 0.07) and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.12, length T2 0.12), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.12, maximum width 0.17, minimum width 0.06); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.18, 0.12) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons. White oval cocoons with messy/disordered/fluffy silk fibers. Cocoons forming two rows of cordwood on each side of larva and adhered to the leaf substrate. Comments. Both sexes with slim bodies. Male ( Fig. 121 A-J ). Coloration and shape similar to female. Etymology. Jesus Armando Ugalde Gomez works at the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad ( INBio ), Santo Domingo de Heredia , Costa Rica . Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica , ACG, Sector El Hacha (Sendero Bejuquilla), Sector Mundo Nuevo (Vado Zanja Tapada), and Sector Santa Rosa (Bosque Humedo), during November 1998 and 2001, and August 2010 at 280 m , 290 m , and 550 m in dry and dry-rain integrated forests. Adult parasitoid was collected in Costa Rica , ACG, Sector El Hacha (Sendero Bejuquilla), during January 1999 at 280 m in dry-rain integrated forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Mesochorus ( Ichneumonidae : Mesochorinae ) was reported as hyperparasitoid. Host. Antiblemma sp. Huebner ( Erebidae : Eulepidotinae ) feeding on Psychotria nervosa and P. microdon ( Rubiaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in fourth and fifth instar.