3574
Author
Wiedenbrug, Sofia
Author
Lamas, Carlos E.
Author
Trivinho-Strixino, Susana
text
Zootaxa
2012
2012-12-06
3574
1
61
journal article
11755334
Corynoneura ferelobata
Sublette
et
Sasa
Type material.
Holotype
male,
GUATEMALA
,
Barretal
,
3.i.1981
, slide n° I-39, specimen n° 1
.
Paratypes
:
allotype
female, specimen n° 12 and
two paratypes
pupal exuviae, n° 6, on the same slide as
holotype
;
one female
together with
paratype
male of
C. hirvenojai
, Barretal
, I-40;
two males
, I-41;
one female
, I-44;
one female
(not a male), I-45;
one female
, I-46;
one male
with pupal exuviae, I-47,
3.ii-3.iii.1981
;
one male
and
one female
(not
two females
), Rincon I-100, on the same slide as
holotype
male of
Thienemanniella medialis
Sublette
et
Sasa
and two pupal exuviae of
Onconeura semifimbriata
(Saether)
.
Considerations about the type material.
Paratype
females on slide and I-40, I-44 and I-46 are not
C. ferelobata
since in these specimens one Sca is smaller than the other whereas the
allotype
of
C. ferelobata
has both Sca with the same size. Moreover in specimens I-40 and I-46 it is not possible to see the well sclerotized posteromedially strongly invagination of the labia and the lamella of the coxosternapodeme (
Sublette & Sasa 1994
, Fig. 51), in the female on slide I-44 the labia are distinct, forming together a semicircle, not invaginated at the posterior margin. About the
two paratypes
considered females on slide I-100, one is a male, unfortunately laterally mounted, with a very short gonostylus, not like
C. ferelobata
and the other is a female, with two Sca sclerotized, one much smaller than the other, also not corresponding to
C. ferelobata
. Slide I-42 was not studied. In conclusion, from the material examined apart from
holotype
and
allotype
only slides I-
41specimen
number 2, I–45 and I–47 correspond to
C. ferelobata
. Specimen number one on slides I-41 is slide-mounted in lateral position, but the apex of the antenna do not correspond to
C. ferelobata
.
Holotype
and
allotype
of
C. ferelobata
have pubescent eyes.
Additional material examined.
6 males
,
BRAZIL
, MS, Bodoquena, Fazenda Califórnia, Malaise 4,
20°41´49.9´´S
,
56°52´54.0´´W
,
C. A. Martins.
4 males
, MS, Aquidauana, Res. Ecológica
UEMS
,
Malaise
9,
26.ix.2011
,
C. E. Lamas.
2 males
,
MG
,
Caboverde
,
21° 27.169´S
, 46°20.823´´W,
01–04.xi.2010
,
MT#2
,
Brown, B.
,
Kung, G.
and others.
Two
pharate males and one pharate female (
MPSW041
), all with pupal exuviae, one of the males with larval exuviae,
MG
,
Paraisópolis
,
22°39´54.81´´S
,
45°55´38.29´´W
,
1370 m
a.s.l.
,
11.x.2009
,
S. Wiedenbrug. Two
pharate males with pupal exuviae, one pharate female with larval and pupal exuviae, one pupal exuviae, SP,
Jundiaí
,
Serra do Japí
,
23°14´38´´S
,
46°57´16´´W
,
1041 m
a.s.l.
,
18.xii.2007
,
S. Wiedenbrug. One
pharate male with pupal exuviae (
MPSW 052
), SP,
Ubatuba
,
Stream
besides
Ruínas
da Lagoinha
,
23° 30.468´S
,
45°11.923´W
, 0 m a.s.l., litter,
5.i.2010
,
S. Wiedenbrug. One
pharate female with pupal exuviae same data as before but
11.iv.2009
.
One
male with pupal exuviae, SC,
Florianópolis
,
Ratones
,
Sítio Quintal da Ilha
, Af.
Rio Ratones
,
27° 30´33´´S
48°29´22´´ W
,
12.vii.
2008
in wood,
L.C. Pinho. Six
males, SC,
Urubici
,
Morro
da Igreja
,
1822 m
a.s.l..
18.ix–05.xii.2004
,
malaise trap
, cloud forest,
L.C. Pinho. One
male
,
COSTA RICA
,
Guanacaste
,
Petilla
,
8–9.v.1993
, net, n° chi 20076,
Z.M. Bergen
2058,
T
.
Andersen
.
Diagnostics Characters.
The male of
C. ferelobata
can be recognized by the antennae with 8–9 flagellomeres; tergite IX with two posterior humps; sternapodeme as an inverted
V
attached laterally to phallapodeme; phallapodeme rounded strongly curved to posterior, with lateral apex divided in two rami, posterior one longer; inferior volsella small, rounded and distinct; aedeagal lobe low, gonostylus slender apically hooked without basal scale. The female has two Sca of less than 50 µm long, copulatory bursa and labia posteromedially strongly invaginated, and coxosternapodeme curved with lamellae. The pupa has tergites with homogeneous fine shagreen, shagreen points longer than wider. Sternite I bare,
II
with very fine shagreen, without longer spinules. Segment IX and anal lobe together almost forming a circle, as long as wide. The larva of
C. ferelobata
has the dorsal integument granulated, first antennal segment subequal to postmentum length, mentum with three median teeth, median tooth minute, seta on posterior parapod apparently simple.
Redescription
Male
(n = 3–6)
Total length
0.81–1.16 mm
. Wing length
0.56–0.72 mm
.
Color. Thorax brownish. Abdominal tergites I–IV whitish, other tergites and genitalia brownish. Legs whitish.
Head. AR = 0.24–0.43. Antenna with 8–9 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere 77–110 µm (
Fig. 13 A
). Flagellomeres, except first and last, with more than one row of setae each. Eyes pubescent.
Thorax. Antepronotal lobes dorsally tapering.
Wing. Clavus/wing length 0.24–0.27. Anal lobe absent.
Legs. Hind tibial scale 27–35 µm long, with one s-seta (
Fig. 13 B
).
Hypopygium (
Figs 13 C–D
). Tergite IX with 4 setae. Laterosternite IX with 1 seta. Superior volsella absent. Inferior volsella small, rounded and distinct. Aedeagal lobe low (not drawn). Sternapodeme as an inverted V. Phallapodeme long, rounded, curved to posterior, attached to lateral sternapodeme on lateral posterior third. Gonostylus without a scale, thin and orally curved.
Metric and meristic features in
Table 1
.
Female
(n = 1–2)
Thorax.
0.35–0.48 mm
.
Head. AR = 0.33–0.39. Antenna with 5 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere 30–45 µm long. Flagellomeres with more than one row of setae each. Eyes pubescent.
Thorax. Antepronotal lobes dorsally tapering.
Legs. Hind tibial scale 35–37 µm long, with one small s-seta.
Genitalia (
Fig. 13 E
) Tergite IX with 4 setae. Laterosternite IX with one seta. Two seminal capsules 37–42 µm long; spermathecal ducts subequal, join together shortly before seminal eminence. Membrane well sclerotized. Coxosternapodeme curved with lamellae, copulatory bursa posteriorly strong invaginated, posterolateral folded. Labia bare membranous, posteriorly strongly invaginated. Notum 25 µm long. Apodeme lobe pointed. Gonocoxapodeme straight. Cercus 17–22 µm long.
Metric and meristic features in
Table 2
.
Pupa
(n = 2–3)
Total length
1.24–1.41 mm
.
Color (exuviae). Cephalothorax light grey, abdomen transparent except muscle markings, lateral margin and anal lobe.
Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome rugose. Thorax suture smooth slightly rugose, with some small spinules at the scutal tubercle region. All Dc-setae thin taeniate, except Dc
3
about 2 µm wide and 80 µm long. Dc
1
displaced ventrally. Wing sheaths with two to four rows of pearls.
Abdomen (
Figs 14 A–D
). Tergite and sternite I bare, tergites and sternites II-IX with homogeneous shagreen, points on sternites much smaller than points on tergites. Conjunctives TII/III-TVI/VII and SIII/IV-SVII/VIII with small spinules. Segment I with 1, II with 3 L-setae and III-VIII with 4 long taeniate L-setae. Anal lobe rounded (
Fig. 14 C
). Anal lobe with fringe complete, 3 taeniate macrosetae and inner setae taeniate.
Metric and meristic features in
Table 3
.
Larva
(n = 1)
Head. Postmentum 163 µm long. Head capsule integument dorsal granulated in reticulate pattern (
Fig. 14 E
). Mentum with three median teeth, median tooth minute, first lateral teeth small, less sclerotized and adpressed to median, five additional lateral teeth (
Fig. 14 F
). Antenna 348 µm long, segments two and three darker (not drawn). First segment longer than postmentum length.
Abdomen. Ventral setae not modified (
Fig. 14 G
). Subbasal seta on posterior parapod not serrate, simple (
Fig. 14 H
).
Metric and meristic features in
Table 4
.
Remarks.
The
type
material of
Corynoneura ferelobata
was collected in small mountain streams of
Guatemala
and according to
Fu
et al
. (2009)
it also occurs in
China
. The present study also recorded the species, for the first time, in different regions: larvae were collected from litter deposited near the water surface from small mountain streams of the Atlantic Forest in
São Paulo State
. The species was also found in other small mountain streams of the same biome in
Minas Gerais
and
Santa Catarina
States in
Brazil
.
Corynoneura ferelobata
was also collected in small streams in a Semideciduous Forest in
Mato Grosso
de Sul (
Brazil
) and in
Costa Rica
, in the province of
Guanacaste
.
FIGURE 13.
Corynoneura ferelobata
.
A–D
. Male. A. Terminal flagellomere. B. Apex of hind tibia. C–D. Hypopygium. C. Tergite IX. D. Tergite IX removed, sclerites hatched; left: dorsal view, right: ventral view.
E
. Female genitalia, dorsal view with view of labia and Sca. Specimens from Brazil, SP, Jundiaí, Serra do Japí.
FIGURE 14.
Corynoneura ferelobata
,
immatures.
A–D
. Pupa. A. Tergites II–IV. B. Sternites II-IV. C. Segments VIII, IX and anal lobe; left: ventral view, right: dorsal view. D. Detail of posterior shagreen of tergite IV.
E–H
. Larva. E. Head, dorsal view and separated antenna. F. Mentum. G. Abdominal seta. H. Sub-basal seta of posterior parapod. Specimens from Brazil, SP, Jundiaí, Serra do Japí.
The single difference between the specimens from
Brazil
and
Guatemala
was found in the pupa. In the specimens from
Guatemala
, the shape of the shagreen points is shorter and wider than the shagreen points of Brazilian specimens, which are longer than wider. Unfortunately the larva of the specimens from
Guatemala
is not known. The Chinese specimens, only known as males, are larger than specimens from
Guatemala
and are characterized by the wing length between 0.70–0.85, antenna with 9 flagellomeres and AR 0.27–0.34. Brazilian specimens have AR 0.24–0.43 and number of flagellomeres 8–9, the specimens from Minas Gerais are smaller (wing length
0.56–0.57 mm
), but larger in Santa Catarina State (wing length
0.72 mm
).
Sublette and Sasa (1994)
mention that the male of
C. ferelobata
is very similar to
C. lobata
Edwards
and both species differs slightly on genital features, the size and the number of the antennal flagellomeres. According to
Schlee (1968)
, the number of flagellomeres and the size of the specimens should not be the main characters to differentiate species, the author mentioned that measurements in
C. lobata
are very variable in the same population in Europe and the antennal ratio varies between 0.20–0.64, reflecting the variation in the number of flagellomeres (9-11).
Fu
et al
. (2009)
uses the shape of the gonostylus to separate males of
C. lobata
from
C. ferelobata
; which is slender in
C. ferelobata
and median expanded in
C. lobata
, however the observation of this character depends on the position of gonostylus on the slide.
The pupae from
C. ferelobata
and
C. lobata
are identical (
Sublette & Sasa 1994
). The larva of
C. ferelobata
sampled in the Serra do Japi, SP, keys in
C. lobata
by
Cranston (1982)
,
Schmid (1993)
and
Epler (2001)
, however the middle tooth of the Brazilian specimen is much smaller and the first antennal segment longer (175 µm) than the mean given by Schmid (146 µm).
According to E. Stur (pers. comm.), analysis of partial COI gene sequences from different specimens of
C. lobata
from the Holartic region indicate the existence of multiple species within this group.
More associated material of
C. lobata
and
C. ferelobata
from the different locations is necessary to light the problem and help to stablish the real limits and also in the segregation of this species. The unusual distribution pattern may suggest the existence of cryptic species among the
C. ferelobata
complex.