The tryphosine genera Photosella gen. nov. and Tryphosella Bonnier, 1893 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Lysianassidae: Tryphosinae) in Australian waters 2956
Author
Lowry, J. K.
Author
Stoddart, H. E.
text
Zootaxa
2011
2011-07-08
2956
1
1
76
https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2956.1.1
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.2956.1.1
11755334
5281859
Tryphosella
Bonnier, 1893
Pseudotryphosa
Sars, 1891: 83
.
Tryphosella
Bonnier, 1893: 170
. —J.L.
Barnard, 1969: 365
. —
Thurston, 1974: 16
. —
Lincoln, 1979: 82
. —
Ruffo, 1985: 280
.
—
Oleröd, 1987: 155
. —
Diviacco & Ruffo, 1989: 559
. —
Barnard & Karaman, 1991: 536
. —
Lowry & Stoddart, 1995:
131. —
Kilgallen
et al.
, 2006: 1067
.
Tryphosa
. —
Sars, 1891: 75
(in part). —
Stebbing, 1906: 68
(in part).
FIGURE 5
.
Photosella mucronata
(
Pirlot, 1936
)
. Female, 14.2 mm, AM P.71831; male, 15.2 mm, AM P.71834; North West Shelf. Scales for A1, A2 represent 0.5 mm; remainder represent 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 6
.
Photosella mucronata
(
Pirlot, 1936
)
. Female, 14.2 mm, AM P.71831, North West Shelf. Scales represent 0.5 mm.
Diagnostic description.
Body
not expanded to form a lateral bulge, without dorsal carina.
Antenna 1
accessory flagellum not forming cap, terminal article not offset.
Antenna 2
peduncular article 3 short; articles 4 and/or 5 sometimes enlarged in male.
Mandible
molar with asymmetrically reduced column, proximally setose, distally triturating
; palp attached about midway.
Maxilla 1
setal-tooth 7, left and right asymmetrical
(rarely symmetrical), left cuspidate along most of curved inner margin, right cuspidate along most of sinsusoidal inner margin.
Gnathopod 1
subchelate (occasionally simple in male);
coxa large, slightly or significantly shorter than coxa 2, tapering distally or subquadrate
;
carpus long (length 2 or more x breadth)
, (occasionally short); propodus margins subparallel (except when gnathopod 1 simple).
Pereopod 4
with a well-developed posteroventral lobe.
Pereopod 5
coxa without distinct lateral ridge; basis without photophore, posterior margin without mid-central spine, posteroventral lobe or posteroventral spine.
Urosomite 1
not projecting over urosomite 2.
Uropod 2
inner ramus without constriction (rarely with).
Uropod 3
peduncle without dorsolateral flange; plumose setae on rami in male (occasionally also in female).
Telson
deeply cleft (more than 64%)
.
Type
species.
Tryphosella sarsi
Bonnier, 1893
, selected by J.L.
Barnard, 1969
.
Confirmed species.
Tryphosella
includes 40 species:
T. abyssalis
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
;
T. ama
Lowry & Stoddart, 1994
;
T. angulata
(
Sars, 1895
)
;
T. apalachicola
Lowry & Stoddart, 1997
;
T. astrolabensis
Lowry & Stoddart, 1995
;
T. bet
Lowry & Stoddart, 2009
;
T. betka
sp. nov.
;
T. bicheno
sp. nov.
;
T. biloba
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
;
T. californica
(
Hurley, 1963
)
;
T. camela
(
Stebbing, 1910
)
;
T. cameloides
Lowry & Stoddart, 2009
;
T. chinchilla
sp. nov.
;
T. cooee
sp. nov.
;
T. flynnana
Lowry & Stoddart, 2009
;
T. fortescue
sp. nov.
;
T. freycinet
sp. nov.
;
T. horingi
(
Boeck, 1871
)
;
T. insignis
(
Bonnier, 1896
)
;
T. longidactyla
Ruffo, 1985
;
T. longiseta
Ren
in
Ren & Huang, 1991
;
T. lowryi
Kilgallen, Myers & McGrath, 2006
;
T. martrudan
sp. nov.
;
T. metacaecula
J.L. Barnard
, l967;
T. minima
(Chevreux, 1911)
;
T. moana
Kilgallen, 2009
;
T. orana
J.L.
Barnard, 1972
;
T. oupi
Lowry & Stoddart, 1994
;
T. quadrata
(J.L.
Barnard, 1962
)
;
T. rodondo
sp. nov.
;
T. sarsi
Bonnier, 1893
;
T. seasana
Lowry & Stoddart, 2009
;
T. serans
Lowry & Stoddart, 1983
;
T. sorell
sp. nov.
;
T. tathra
sp. nov.
;
T. toowoomba
sp. nov.
;
T. tuckanarra
sp. nov.
;
T. umbonatus
(
Sars, 1883
)
;
T. wangaratta
sp. nov.
;
T. wongada
Lowry & Stoddart, 1995
.
Possible species.
The following 24 taxa are currently placed in
Tryphosella
. For each taxon there is insufficient information about the gnathopod 1 coxa and/or the mouthparts to confirm or reject this placement. Although for many of them it is not possible to decide if they are tryphosines or uristids (because the mouthparts have not been described), they are probably mostly tryphosines.
T. analogica
(K.H.
Barnard, 1932
)
;
T. barentsi
(
Gurjanova, 1929
)
;
T. bispinosa
(
Schellenberg, 1931
)
;
T. caecoides
(J.L.
Barnard, 1962
)
;
T. compressa
(
Sars, 1895
)
;
T. coxalis
(J.L.
Barnard, 1962
)
;
T. groenlandica
(
Schellenberg, 1935
)
;
T. index
(J.L.
Barnard, 1966
)
;
T. insignioides
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
;
T. longichela
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
;
T. macropareia
(
Schellenberg, 1926
)
;
T. marri
Thurston, 1974
;
T. nanoides
(
Lilljeborg, 1865
)
;
T. orchomenoides
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
;
T. oxystoma
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
;
T. propinqua
(
Chevreux, 1926
)
;
T. pusilla
(
Sars, 1879
)
;
T. rotundata
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
;
T. schneideri
(
Stephensen, 1921
)
;
T. serrata
(
Schellenberg, 1931
)
;
T. simillima
Ruffo, 1985
;
T. spitzbergensis
(
Chevreux, 1926
)
;
T. triangula
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
;
T. triangularis
(K.H.
Barnard, 1932
)
.
Excluded species.
Fifteen species are excluded:
Tryphosella castellata
(K.H.
Barnard, 1932
)
: coxa 1 is described as ‘distally widened’ (K.H.
Barnard 1932: 53
).
T. cicadopsis
(
Schellenberg, 1926
)
: the setal teeth of maxilla 1 outer plate extend well down the face of the plate,
indicating a placement in
Uristidae
(
Schellenberg 1926
: fig. 22e).
T. cucullata
(
Walker, 1904
)
: coxa 1 is expanded anteroventrally (
Walker 1904
: pl. 4, fig. 8).
T. erosa
(
Meinert, 1890
)
: coxa 1 is expanded anteroventrally (
Meinert 1890
: fig. 25).
T. gracilipes
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
: coxa 1 is "rather broad, expanded toward the apex" (
Stephensen 1925: 115
).
T. intermedia
(
Schellenberg, 1926
)
: coxa 1 is not shortened or tapered (
Schellenberg 1926: 270
, fig. 17d).
T. laevis
(
Bonnier, 1896
)
: coxa 1 is not shortened or tapered; maxilla 2 inner plate is much shorter than outer plate;
molar appears to be a setose tongue (
Bonnier 1896
: pl. 35 fig. 5). This species belongs in the family
Uristidae
.
T. murrayi
(
Walker, 1903
)
: based on examination of specimens in the Australian Museum collection (AM P.3190)
this taxon has maxilla 1 outer plate setal teeth in a 7/4 crown arrangement and maxilla 2 inner plate much shorter than the outer plate so belongs in the family
Uristidae
and the genus
Uristes
as
Hurley (1965)
indi-
cated.
T. paramoi
(
Schellenberg, 1931
)
: coxa 1 is not shortened or tapered; maxilla 2 inner plate is much shorter than the outer plate (
Schellenberg 1931
: figs 20, 21). This species belongs in the family
Uristidae
.
T. schellenbergi
Lowry & Bullock, 1976
: coxa 1 is not shortened or tapered; the setal teeth of maxilla 1 outer plate extend well down the face of the plate, indicating a placement in
Uristidae
(
Schellenberg 1931
: fig. 19, as
Tmetonyx serratus
).
T. trigonica
(
Stebbing, 1888
)
: the setal teeth of maxilla 1 outer plate extend well down the face of the plate and maxilla 2 inner plate is much shorter than the outer plate, indicating a placement in
Uristidae
(
Stebbing 1888
: pl. 9).
T. trionyx
(
Stephensen, 1925
)
: coxa 1 is "apically somewhat expanded" (
Stephensen 1925: 115
).
T. triplans
(J.L.
Barnard, 1962
)
: coxa 1 is nearly as long as coxa 2 and very slightly tapered (J.L.
Barnard, 1962
: fig. 18).
T. tuberculimana
(
Lagardère, 1968
)
: coxa 1 is nearly as long as coxa 2 and only slightly tapered, gnathopod 1 carpus and propodus not like that of
Tryphosella
(
Lagardère 1968
: pls 1, 2).
T. uristesi
Bellan-Santini, 1997
: coxa 1 is as large as coxa 2 and not tapering; maxilla 2 inner plate is much shorter than the outer plate (
Bellan-Santini 1997
: fig. 11). This species belongs in the family
Uristidae
.
Remarks.
Stebbing (1906)
synonymised
Pseudotryphosa
Sars, 1891
with
Uristes
Dana, 1849
.
Barnard & Karaman (1991)
maintained
Pseudotryphosa
as a junior synonym of
Uristes
and it has remained that way until now. But the arrangement of the maxilla 1 setal-teeth, the relative lengths of the maxilla 2 plates and the strongly triturating mandibular molar are more similar to those of a tryphosine. The shortened, tapering first coxa puts
Pseudotryphosa
in the genus
Tryphosella
.
We here transfer
P. umbonata
(
Sars, 1883
)
to
Tryphosella
and regard
Pseudotryphosa
as a synonym of
Tryphosella
. See Appendix 1 for an explanation of the reversal of precedence for these two names.
Three tryphosine genera (
Cedrosella
Barnard & Karaman, 1987
,
Thrombasia
J.L.
Barnard, 1966
and
Tryphosella
) have molars with an asymmetrically reduced triturating column and a reduced, tapering gnathopod 1 coxae.
Cedrosella
differs from the other two genera, in among other things, the accessory flagellum which forms a cap and the weakly developed posteroventral lobe of the pereopod 4 coxa.
Thrombasia
and
Tryphosella
are very similar. They only differ in the mandibular palp which is attached distally in
Thrombasia
and midway in
Tryphosella
; in the maxilla 1 ST7 which is cuspidate distally in
Thrombasia
and cuspidate along most of the sinsusoidal inner margin in
Tryphosella
; and in the telson which is moderately cleft in
Thrombasia
and deeply cleft in
Tryphosella
. Currently
Thrombasia
is in synonymy with
Schisturella
Norman, 1900
(see
Barnard & Karaman 1991: 526
). We see no justification for this synonymy and re-establish the genus.
Tryphosella
is a world-wide genus which often dominates scavenging guilds (
Lowry & Stoddart 1983
;
Lowry & Stoddart 1995
;
Lowry & Smith 2003
;
De Broyer
et al
. 2004
). There are a number of distinctive characters, particularly in the Indo-West Pacific area, which are useful in recognising species groups. However, when a wider range of characters are considered, these "groups" are not mutually exclusive.
1. Species in which coxa 1 is small (length 1–1.4 x breadth) and subtriangular:
T. ama
,
T. astrolabensis
,
T. betka
,
T. bicheno
,
T. fortescue
,
T. freycinet
,
T. martrudan
,
T. orana
,
T. rodondo
,
T. seasana
,
T. sorell
,
T. tathra
,
T. toowoomba
.
2. Species with a long ischium on gnathopod 1:
T. ama
,
T. astrolabensis
,
T. bicheno
,
T. seasana
,
T. wongada
.
3. Species with robust setae on the callynophore and proximal articles of antenna 1:
T. astrolabensis
,
T. bet
,
T. bicheno
,
T. chinchilla
,
T. cooee
,
T. wongada
.
4. Species in which the basis of gnathopod 1 is densely setose:
T. chinchilla
,
T. cooee
,
T. rodondo
.
5. Species in which the male gnathopod 1 is simple (as opposed to subchelate):
T. betka
,
T. martrudan
,
T. toowoomba
,
T. wangaratta
.
6. Species in which some or all of the robust setae on the outer rami of uropods 1 and 2 are stout and striated:
T. fortescue
,
T. freycinet
,
T. orana
,
T. sorell
,
T. tathra
,
T. tuckanarra
.
7. Species in which the antenna 2 of the mature male is short (about as long as antenna 2, as opposed to the elongate antenna 2 of many mature lysianassoid males):
T. betka
,
T. chinchilla
,
T. martrudan
,
T. wongada
.
8. Species in which the proximal calceolus of male antenna 1 is very large compared to the subsequent calceoli:
T. camela
,
T. fortescue
,
T. sorell
.