A taxonomic monograph of the assassin bug genus Zelus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): 71 species based on 10,000 specimens
Author
Zhang, Guanyang
Author
Hart, Elwood R
Author
Weirauch, Christiane
text
Biodiversity Data Journal
2016
4
8150
8150
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8150
1314-2828-4-8150
262DB958242246B692E61675C3C07DB1
Zelus paracephalus Zhang & Hart
sp. n.
Materials
Type status:
Holotype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00057803
; recordedBy:
Richter
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
COLOMBIA
; stateProvince: Meta; locality:
Rio Guamal [Quamal?]
; verbatimElevation:
400 m
; decimalLatitude:
3.71667
; decimalLongitude:
-73.1667
; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2013; Event: eventDate:
1948-01-24
; Record Level: institutionCode:
AMNH
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00004997
; occurrenceRemarks: Primary DNA voucher RCW_2164; recordedBy:
G. Zhang & J.
Avendano
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
COLOMBIA
; stateProvince: Meta; locality:
San Martin: Reserva Natural El Caduceo
; verbatimElevation:
380 m
; decimalLatitude:
3.66593
; decimalLongitude:
-73.65773
; georeferenceSources: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
2010-10-21
to
2010-10-23
; Record Level: institutionCode:
UCR
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00009475
; occurrenceRemarks: LOT#992; Drake Collection; recordedBy:
T. L. Erwin et al.
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
ECUADOR
; stateProvince: Orellana; locality:
Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent.
; verbatimElevation:
216 m
; decimalLatitude:
-0.65714
; decimalLongitude:
-76.453
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol:
Fogging
; eventDate:
1995-02-10
; Record Level: institutionCode:
USNM
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00009476
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
T. L. Erwin et al.
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
ECUADOR
; stateProvince: Orellana; locality:
Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent.
; verbatimElevation:
216 m
; decimalLatitude:
-0.65714
; decimalLongitude:
-76.453
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol:
Fogging
; eventDate:
1996-10-02
; Record Level: institutionCode:
USNM
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00009477
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
T. L. Erwin et al.
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
ECUADOR
; stateProvince: Orellana; locality:
Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent.
; verbatimElevation:
216 m
; decimalLatitude:
-0.65714
; decimalLongitude:
-76.453
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol:
Fogging
; eventDate:
1996-10-02
; Record Level: institutionCode:
USNM
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00009479
; occurrenceRemarks: Lot#1582 - Collection code moved to this field to prevent duplication.; recordedBy:
T. L. Erwin et al.
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
ECUADOR
; stateProvince: Orellana; locality:
Reserva Etnica Waorani, 1 km S. Onkone Gare Camp, Transect Ent.
; verbatimElevation:
216 m
; decimalLatitude:
-0.65714
; decimalLongitude:
-76.453
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: samplingProtocol:
Fogging
; eventDate:
1996-06-26
; Record Level: institutionCode:
USNM
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00025329
; recordedBy:
G. Zambrano
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
COLOMBIA
; stateProvince: Caqueta; locality:
Valparaiso, Vda. Palastina Fca. La Ilusion
; verbatimElevation:
225 m
; decimalLatitude:
1.18333
; decimalLongitude:
-75.7
; georeferenceSources: Label; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
1997-01-24
; Record Level: institutionCode:
UNAB
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00029302
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
J. E. Eger
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
BRAZIL
; stateProvince: Rondonia; locality:
62 km SW of Ariquemes, near Fzda. Rancho Grande
; decimalLatitude:
-10.32921
; decimalLongitude:
-63.46881
; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
1992-03-30
to
1992-04-10
; Record Level: institutionCode:
USNM
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00029304
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
Unknown
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
PERU
; stateProvince: Ucayali; locality:
Porvenir, Pulcal[l]pa
; verbatimElevation:
158 m
; decimalLatitude:
-8.3825
; decimalLongitude:
-74.5381
; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
1992-07-01
; Record Level: institutionCode:
USNM
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00029305
; occurrenceRemarks: Drake Collection; recordedBy:
L. E.
Pena
; sex:
Adult Male
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
COLOMBIA
; stateProvince: Vaupes; locality:
Mitu
; verbatimElevation:
184 m
; decimalLatitude:
1.1983
; decimalLongitude:
-70.1733
; georeferenceSources: Gazetteer; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
1990-07-06
to
1990-07-17
; Record Level: institutionCode:
USNM
Type status:
Paratype
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
UCR_ENT 00057802
; occurrenceRemarks: Previously designated as 'allotype', a type status not used in the formal publication of this name (Zhang et al.); recordedBy:
H. Sturm
; sex:
Adult Female
; Taxon: scientificName: Zelusparacephalus; family: Reduviidae; genus: Zelus; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhang and Hart, 2016; Location: country:
COLOMBIA
; stateProvince: unknown; locality:
unknown
; Identification: identifiedBy:
G. Zhang
; dateIdentified: 2012; Event: eventDate:
No date provided
; Record Level: institutionCode:
AMNH
Description
Figs 153, 154, 155
Male: (Fig. 153a, b) Medium-sized, total length 11.87-13.06 mm (mean 12.51 mm, Suppl. material 2); slender. COLORATION: Head reddish-brown, anterior to antennal insertion and posterior third of postocular lobe lighter. Rest of surface of body nearly uniformly blackish-brown, area around humeral angle lighter, somewhat reddish. Membrane with blue, purple iridescence. VESTITURE: Sparsely setose. Dark, moderately dense, short, erect, spine-like setae on dorsum of head, more curved on postocular lobe; ventral surface with sparse, short, erect and recumbent setae, few long setae. Pronotal dorsum nearly glabrous, very sparse, short, erect and recumbent spine-like setae; lateral surface with sparse, erect to recumbent setae; setal tracts on anterior lobe very reduced. Pleura with sparse, erect setae and moderately dense, recumbent setae. Abdomen with sparse, short, semi-erect or recumbent setae, intermixed with few longer setae. Pygophore with sparse, short to long, semi-erect or erect setae; Paramere apical half with dense, long setae, more than 1/2 length of medial process. STRUCTURE: Head: Cylindrical, L/W = 2.39. Postocular lobe long; in dorsal view distinctly narrowing through anterior 2/3, posterior 1/3 constant, tube-like. Eye prominent; lateral margin much wider than postocular lobe; dorsal margin removed from postocular transverse groove, ventral margin attaining ventral surface of head in lateral view. Labium: I: II: III = 1: 1.9: 0.3. Basiflagellomere diameter larger than that of pedicel. Thorax: Anterolateral angle bearing small projection; medial longitudinal sulcus shallow near collar, deepening posteriorly. Posterior pronotal lobe with rugulose surface; disc distinctly elevated above humeral angle; humeral angle armed, with dentate or spinous process. Scutellum moderately long; apex angulate, very slightly projected upward. Legs: Very slender. Hemelytron: Surpassing apex of abdomen by about length of abdominal segment seven; quadrate cell small, relatively broad; Cu and M of cubital cell subparallel. GENITALIA: (Fig. 154) Pygophore: Ovoid; mid-lateral fold adjacent to paramere insertion inconspicuous; not expanded laterally in dorsal view. Medial process expanded laterally; rather broad; long; anteroposteriorly compressed; erect; straight; apex in posterior view rounded, subapical transverse hooklike bridge. Paramere: Cylindrical; long, surpassing medial process; curved ventrad at mid-point, apex recurved. Phallus: Dorsal phallothecal sclerite shield-shaped, sclerite absent laterad to basal arms; lateral longitudinal blade-like heavy sclerotization, pressed against phallothecal sclerite, reaching apical margin; area between these raised; apical portion of phallothecal sclerite not distinctly tapered, flat, lateral margin narrowly angulate, angulation ending anteriorly in sharp, dorsad projection; apex with small medial emargination; posterior margin of foramen inversely V-shaped. Struts attached to dorsal phallothecal sclerite; apically separate, connected by bridge; basally separate. Basal plate arm robust; basally fused; in lateral view strongly curved at midpoint; bridge extremely short; extension of basal plate expanded onto arm.
Female: (Fig. 153c, d) Similar to male, except for the following. Larger than male, total length 15.02 mm (n=1, Suppl. material 2). Spinous process on humeral angle long.
Diagnosis
The dorsal coloration nearly uniformly dark brown, the head reddish-brown, the membrane with indistinct iridescence are characteristic of this species. Most similar to
Z. erythrocephalus
and
Z. russulumus
; males can be distinguished from both by the rather wide medial process and the uniquely shaped paramere (Fig. 14). Females of
Z. erythrocephalus
,
Z. paracephalus
and
Z. russulumus
are difficult to separate.
Distribution
South America (Fig. 155). Countries with specimen records: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.