A morphological review of tribes in Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Author
Viidalepp, Jaan
text
Zootaxa
2011
3136
1
44
journal article
45751
10.5281/zenodo.279481
46b802fc-52b2-4d91-8199-793ab7b63e8b
1175-5326
279481
Tribe
Xanthorhoini
Pierce, 1914
(Fig s 130–148)
The original treatment in
Pierce (1914)
included
Xanthorhoe
Hübner
,
Orthonama
Hübner
,
Ochyria
Hübner
,
Camptogramma
Stephens,
Percnoptilota
Hulst
and
Mesotype
Hübner
but also
Anticlea
Stephens
and
Earophila
Gumppenberg
(both genera without coremata) and may be interpreted different as compared with preceding Epirrhoinae: Cöremata at seventh segment of male abdomen; valve costa greatly extended with projecting process; valvula reduced; calcar long with geniculate head (vestigial in some
New Zealand
taxa:
Craw 1987
); manica heavily sined; signum a pyriform band, consisting of overlapping spines; small-sized, heavily sclerotized male armatures.
Forbes (1948)
stressed the characters of
Xanthorhoini
as follows: the straight, “erect” hind wing upper discocellular vein (mdcv, here DC1) and large coremata pencils on seventh abdominal segment of male (subsuming
Euphyia
Hübner
into his genus
Xanthorhoe
Hübner
).
Herbulot (1961) recombined the groups Epirrhoinae Pierce and Ortholithinae Pierce in
Xanthorhoini
.
Holloway (1997: 190)
wrote: “The presence of a large pair of coremata just distal to the eighth segment in male abdomen appears to be the most constant feature for this tribe. Though the occurrence of a calcar ... is an additional diagnostic feature…”. Holloway (loc. cit.) diagnosed the calcar as a curved process, club-like structure arising centrally from the juxta between the bases of valves. The group requires a global revision (
Holloway
et al.
1987
).
Modifications in the region of fultura inferior as defined here, include: Sternite A7 is membranized to a filiform stripe, the corresponding tergite to a bow-shaped sclerite.
FIGURES 130–135
, Male genitalia and coremata of
Xanthorhoini
. 130, Size of coremata and genitalia in
Xanthorhoe rupicola
(Wollaston) (Madeira)
; 131, posterior abdominal segments of
X rupicola
(Wollaston) (Madeira)
; 132, male genitalia and aedeagus of
X rupicola
(Wollaston) (Madeira)
; 133, male genitalia, aedeagus and coremata of X
inaequata
Warren (Madeira); 134, male genitalia of
X ferrugata
(Clerck)
; 135, female genitalia of
X bigeminata
(Christoph) (Turkmenistan)
.
Sternite A8 is reduced to a stripe, smooth in Holarctic species but V-shaped angulate in many southern hemisphere genera (
Figs 136, 137
).
Tergite A8 usually consists of a basal stripe and dorsal semi-membranous flap (
Figs 131
,
136
). In
Rheumapterini
, coremata are at the eighth segment, with both sternite and tergite dissclerotized to a slender central band (
Fig. 71
); labides sometimes present, on fultura, (
Craw 1987
), or headed on stalk.
FIGURES 136–138
, Male genitalia and coremata of
Chrysolarentia
Butler
and
Epyaxa
Meyrick (Xanthorhoini)
. 136, Male genitalia and abdominal segments A7 and A8 with coremata of
Chrysolarentia mecynata
(Guenée) (Tasmania)
; 137, male genitalia and abdominal segments A7 and A8 with coremata of
Chrysolarentia
sp. (Australia); 138, male genitalia and abdominal segments A7 and A8 with coremata of
Epyaxa subidaria
(Guenée) (Tasmania)
.
The tribe as defined above is polymorphic. The seventh segment may be broad, variously modifed both in south hemisphere and boreal genera (
Camptogramma
Stephens
Figs 139, 140
). Male genital armatures are large in some genera (
Catarhoe
Prout
,
Figs 142–148
,
Epirrhoe
,
Fig. 153
). There are sclerotized longitudinal folds in epirrhoine and catarhoine female genitalia.
Epirrhoina
Pierce, 1914
was synonymized with
Xanthorhoini
by Herbulot (1961).
The presence of extensile coremata to the distal end of male abdomen, associated with membranization of the two last segments, is shared by
Xanthorhoini
, Cataclysmini, Euphyiini. The presence of a medial appendage to juxta (calcar) is shared by most xanthorhoine genera and the
Larentiini
but not Euphyiini. Female apophyses are short and weak in
Xanthorhoini
and Cataclysmini, but not in Euphyiini.
Distribution of
Xanthorhoini
: all regions, tending boreal and mountainous.