Read between the lineata: A revision of the tattooed wasps, Zagrammosoma Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with descriptions of eleven new species
Author
Perry, Ryan K.
0000-0003-4548-8639
rperr003@ucr.edu
Author
Heraty, John M.
0000-0003-4548-8639
rperr003@ucr.edu
text
Zootaxa
2021
2021-01-26
4916
1
1
108
journal article
8639
10.11646/zootaxa.4916.1.1
1b50774e-3be8-4997-9f39-45e6f5d66cae
1175-5326
4471803
803ED7FD-4A09-44F4-AAE2-6F70A0509E86
Zagrammosoma melinum
Gordh
(
Fig. 30
)
Zagrammosoma melinum
Gordh, 1978: 350–352
.
Holotype
♀
[examined]. Locality:
USA
,
California
, Coalinga,
viii.1939
, coll. F. P. Roullard, host:
Bucculatrix
sp. (
Lepidoptera
:
Bucculatricidae
), host plant:
Populus
sp. (Cottonwood). Depository: USNM type no. 75665.
Diagnosis.
This species is characterized by an overall reduction in black color patterns on the body when compared to most other species of
Zagrammosoma
. The patterns of
Z. melinum
are most similar to
Z. americanum
and
Z. occidentale
, however, the wing patterns are unique to each species (
Fig. 30C
versus 4C & 36C). In addition, the dark, transverse stripe on the anterior margin of the mesoscutum is absent or does not project posteriorly as it does in
Z. americanum
(
Fig. 4D
). The prepectus is all yellow and the second funicular is wider than long in
Z. occidentale
, whereas in
Z. melinum
there is a small, dark stripe on the dorsal margin of the prepectus and the second funicular is longer than wide.
Description.
Female - body length
1.58–1.97 mm
. Metallic luster on body absent. Scape yellow with black stripe dorsally. Lower face with median stripe absent. Vertex with 2 stripes above compound eye. Gena posteriorly with dark stripes below compound eye. Occiput yellow with 2 dark, vertical stripes. Pronotum with median stripe complete or incomplete; laterally with 2 black stripes. Prepectus yellow with dark stripe along dorsal margin. Mesoscutum with median stripe absent, complete, or incomplete. Mesoscutellum all yellow with no black stripes, or yellow with two or three dark stripes. Propodeum yellow with black median carina, anterior and posterior margins, and laterally with spot or stripe. Procoxa and mesocoxa yellow. Metacoxa yellow with black stripe basally. Profemur and mesofemur yellow. Metafemur with uninterrupted or interrupted stripe dorsally. Fore wing: basal and cubital bands absent; parastigmal band present, at junction of parastigmal and marginal veins only, or with perpendicular extension less than or greater than that of stigmal apex; stigmal band present, with perpendicular extension less than or greater than that of stigmal apex; postmarginal band absent or present with perpendicular extension less than or greater than that of stigmal apex; connections from parastigmal band to stigmal band, and from stigmal band to postmarginal band absent. Hind wing hyaline. Gaster yellow or yellow with median stripe and transverse stripes present.
FIGURE 30.
Zagrammosoma melinum
, ♀: (A) head, frontolateral, (B) lateral habitus, (C) fore wing, dorsal, (D–E) dorsal habitus; (F) ♁ dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B–F).
FIGURE 31.
Distribution of
Zagrammosoma melinum
.
Upper ocular sulcus present but very faint. Pedicel longer than wide. Funiculars symmetrical: first longer than wide (w:l = 0.61–0.68); second longer than wide (w:l = 0.86–0.88).
Pronotum, in dorsal view, more than twice as wide as long (w:l = 2.09–2.42); 4 pairs of setae along posterior margin. Mesoscutum reticulate; small, scattered setae present; intermediate setae absent. Mesoscutellum wider than long (w:l = 1.15–1.34); submedian grooves present. Hind tibial spur distinctly shorter than basitarsus. Hind basitarsus subequal or shorter than second tarsomere (bst:2
nd
= 0.9–1.0).
Fore wing l:w = 2.23–3.38. Submarginal vein with 5–8 setae dorsally. Basal fold setae present, but only one to three setae. Cubital fold setose. Admarginal setae present. Uncus originating on stigma by more than own length from stigmal apex.
Male - as female, except: body length
1.4–1.6 mm
; vertex with 1–2 stripes above compound eye; mesoscutellum yellow or yellow with three dark stripes; postmarginal band absent or present with perpendicular extension less than that of stigmal apex; gaster all yellow or yellow with faint median and transverse stripes.
Remarks.
Zagrammosoma melinum
can be difficult to identify, as it shows the most color pattern variation of any species of
Zagrammosoma
.
Gordh (1978)
mentions this extreme variation when describing the species, and the molecular analysis supports both monophyly and extensive variation based on the specimens included. Generally, the species lacks a complete, median stripe on the mesosoma, and the mesoscutellum has only two dark stripes (
Fig. 30D
). The median stripe on the mesoscutellum, if present, extends posteriorly by varying degrees (
Fig. 30F, E
). The dark patterns on the female gaster appear different at first but are the same with varying degrees of intensity.
Hosts.
Reared from lepidopteran leaf miners. See
Table 3
.
Lepidoptera
:
Bucculatricidae
,
Gelechiidae
,
Gracillariidae
.
Distribution. Nearctic:
Canada
(AB, BC, NB, SK, YK),
USA
(AK, AZ, CA, MT, NV, TX, UT) (
Fig. 31
).
Etymology.
Melinus is Latin, describing the honey-yellow body.
Type material examined:
Paratypes
:
USA
:
California
: Fresno Co.
, Coalinga,
200m
,
36°08’35”N
,
120°21’5”W
,
viii.1939
, F. P. Roullard, Lot. No. 39 13005, host:
Bucculatrix
sp., host plant:
Populus
sp. Cottonwood [
6♀
1?,
USNM
: UCRCENT471552–58].
Additional material examined:
CANADA
:
Alberta:
Edmonton, Emily Murphy Park,
630m
,
53°32’2”N
,
113°32’12”W
,
12.viii.1993
, BPLM 4, host:
Phyllonorycter nipigon
[
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508846
].
Edmonton, Emily Murphy Park,
630m
,
53°32’2”N
,
113°32’12”W
,
12.viii.1993
, BPLM 6, host:
Phyllonorycter nipigon
[
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508847
].
British Columbia
:
Balfour,
545m
,
49°37’28”N
,
116°57’50”W
,
3.viii.1949
,
D.B. Waddell
, WL, host: leaf miner, host plant:
Salix
sp. [1♁,
CNC
:
UCRCENT508844
].
Cawston,
403m
,
49°11’7”N
,
119°45’51”W
,
17.viii.1998
,
J. Cossentine
,
Lowe
C-918 [
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508848
].
New Brunswick
:
Gloucester Co.
,
Nepisiguit River
,
216m
,
47°27’3”N
,
65°42’24”W
,
16.iii.1955
,
F.I. Survey
54-1891-01, host:
Phyllonorycter salicifoliella
[
1♀
,
BMNH
:
NHMUK10370125
].
Northumberland Co.
, mi. 38
Nepisiguit Motor Rd
,
216m
,
47°22’51”N
,
66°04’25”W
,
21.iii.1956
,
F.I. Survey
55-0898-01, host:
Phyllonorycter salicifoliella
[
2♀
,
BMNH
:
NHMUK10370142
,
CNC
:
CNC508845
].
Saskatchewan
:
Big River
,
53°49’48”N
,
107°02’0”W
,
2.iv.1967
, 67-82, host:
Phyllonorycter
sp [
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508850
].
Yukon
:
Champagne
,
60°47’14”N
,
136°26’9”W
,
8.vii.2006
,
Goulet
&
Boudreault
, plants along road, swp, #5 [
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508665
(
D5895
)]
.
USA
:
Alaska
: Denali Borough
, Anderson, Hwy
3, 235m
,
64°17’41”N
,
149°05’4”W
,
18.vii.2009
,
Goulet
&
Boudreault
, fallow field on side of road, swp [
4♀
1?,
CNC
:
CNC508670
(
D5898
), 509022, 509023, 509080, 509081].
Cantwell, Denali Hwy. Rt
8 mi.
85–130, 701–
915m
,
63°02’59”N
,
145°55’51”W
,
24.vii.1984
,
S. & J. Peck
,
Car Net
[
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508849
].
Matanuska-Susitna Borough
,
Sutton on Glen Highway
,
188m
,
61°42’39”N
,
148°54’36”W
,
22.vii.2009
,
Goulet
&
Boudreault
, fallow field, swp [1♁
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508666
(
D5896
), 508667 (
D5897
)].
Arizona
:
Cochise Co.
,
Foothills Rd
,
1420m
,
31°55’1”N
,
109°07’41”W
,
28.vi.2015
,
J. Heraty
,
Chilopsis
, swp, H15-062 [
1♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT499455
].
Ghost Town
Trail
,
1454m
,
31°43’30”N
,
109°48’42”W
,
10.viii.2009
,
J. Mottern
, dry wash, sweep, M09-037 [1♁
2♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT323379
,
499460
,
499461
(
D5932
)].
California
:
Imperial Co.
,
Hwy
98, nr.
Sunrise
Butte
,
103m
,
32°40’21”N
,
115°50’57”W
,
18.iii.2010
,
J. Mottern
, desert scrub, sweep, M10-002 [1♁,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT499459
].
Inyo Co.
,
Panamint Valley
,
1.5 mi.
S. Indian Ranch
,
36°07’28”N
,
117°12’49”W
,
20.v.1991
,
J. D. Pinto
,
Prosopis
&
Aremopsis
, swp [
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508671
(
D5899
)].
west side
Eureka Valley
13km
se
Deep Springs
,
1135m
,
37°16’49”N
,
117°54’10”W
,
24.v.1994
,
S. L. Heydon
[3♁
2♀
,
UCDC
:
UCRCENT415803–07
].
Riverside Co.
,
Terwilliger Rd.
S.
of
Anza
,
1269m
,
33°27’32”N
,
116°38’10”W
,
31.viii–7.ix.2008
,
G. Pratt
,
malaise trap
[
1♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT357518
].
San Bernardino Co.
,
Running Springs
,
Snow Valley
(
San Bernardino Mts.
),
2050m
,
34°13’23”N
,
117°02’34”W
,
20.vi.1977
,
R. Luck
, host:
Coleotechnites
sp., host plant:
Pinus jeffreyi
[1♁,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT499276
].
Montana
:
Gallatin Co.
,
Bozeman
,
1532m
,
45°38’7”N
,
111°01’56”W
,
2–5.viii.2001
,
R. Wharton
, host: leaf miner (
Gracillariidae
?), host plant:
Populus trichocarpa
[
2♀
,
TAMU
:
UCRCENT473171
(
D5915
), 473172 (
D5916
)].
Nevada
:
Clark Co.
,
Valley of Fire State Park
,
1 mi.
W. West
entrance,
36°24’41”N
,
114°32’58”W
,
30.iii.1989
,
J. D. Pinto
, swp [
1♀
,
CNC
:
CNC508675
].
Texas
:
Reeves Co.
,
Balmorhea Lake
,
970m
,
30°58’27”N
,
103°43’14”W
,
26.vi.2015
,
J. Heraty
, flowers, swp, H15-059 [1♁
1♀
,
UCRC
:
UCRCENT499456
(
D5919
), 499457 (
D5920
)].
Utah
:
Washington
Co.
,
Zion National Park
,
1344m
,
37°16’48”N
,
112°56’48”W
, vii–viii.1941,
Hopk. No.
33608A, host plant:
Populus fremontii
[1♁
2♀
,
USNM
:
UCRCENT471559
,
471560
,
471611
]
.