Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)
Author
Rio, Cédric Del
CR 2 P - Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris, CNRS - MNHN - Sorbonne Université, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. & ISYEB - Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, CNRS - MNHN - Sorbonne Université - EPHE, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. & CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
cedric.del-rio@edu.mnhn.fr
Author
Stull, Gregory W.
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China. & Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
gwstull@gmail.com
Author
Franceschi, Dario De
CR 2 P - Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris, CNRS - MNHN - Sorbonne Université, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
dario.de-franceschi@mnhn.fr
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2020
2020-05-14
645
1
130
journal article
10.5852/ejt.2020.645
1cd473d9-9d96-438f-bab4-29c5e56f82b8
2118-9773
3829651
Apodytes dimidiata
E.Mey. ex Arn.
Fig. 35.1–35.9
Material examined
Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description
MADAGASCAR
• 1997;
R. Ranaivojaona
et al.
114;
P
[
MNHN-P-P05279728
].
Other material
MADAGASCAR
• 1992;
S.T. Malcomber
et al. 1212
;
P
[
MNHN-P-P00379386
]
•
1933;
H. Perrier de la Bâthie
19254
;
P
[
MNHN-P-P00440680
]
•
2009;
M.Y. Ammann
,
M.C. Madiomanana
&
A.J. Tahinarivo
MYA495
;
P
[
MNHN-P-P05279690
].
KENYA
• 2000;
G. Simon
,
L. Festo
&
G. Massawe
527
;
P
[
MNHN-P-P04499342
].
Description
FRUIT. Black when dry, laterally compressed and elongate dorsally. Ventrally truncate, with a fleshy appendage (red but black in dry condition) attached at the truncate part. Epicarp glabrous, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
80–100 µm
thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length ca
6 mm
, width ca
10 mm
, thickness ca
3 mm
.
ENDOCARP. Brown, bilaterally symmetrical, unilocular, single-seeded, globose-truncate in lateral view, length ca
5.5 mm
, width ca
7.6 mm
. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with rounded diffuse and thin ridges, with ca 10 lateral ridges. Vasculature of the endocarp free; primary vascular bundle positioned outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall
177–266 µm
thick (excluding ridges). A sclerotic mass, ca
1.3 mm
thick, is developed from the wall in the truncate part of the endocarp. Endocarp wall with sclerotic cells, with two cell layers: outermost layer with 4–7 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
29–86 µm
in length; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 13.0–
16.5 µm
in width, lining the locule surface, forming ripples (the cells have a triangular shape).
Remarks
The sclerotic mass in the truncate part could be a mechanical reinforcement due to the connection of this part with the fleshy appendage.