Taxonomic revision of the seasonal South American killifish genus Simpsonichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae). Author Wilson J. E. M. Costa text Zootaxa 2007 1669 1 134 http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F23FABE8-719E-4F7E-B225-A9C5D45CCFCE journal article z01669p001 Subgenus Hypsolebias Costa, 2006 Hypsolebias Costa, 2006b: 17 (type species: Cynolebias flavicaudatus Costa & Brasil; type by original designation). Diagnosis Distinguished from the other subgenera of Simpsonichthys in having the second pharyngobranchial longer than wide (vs. wider than long). Another synapomorphy of Hypsolebias is the presence of a shortened lateroventral process of the hyomandibula, which independently occurs in some species of Spectrolebias (vs. wide process). Included species Simpsonichthys ocellatus Costa, Nielsen & De Luca, S. stellatus (Costa & Brasil), S. nielseni Costa, S. rufus Costa, Nielsen & De Luca, S. notatus (Costa, Lacerda & Brasil), S. radiosus Costa & Brasil, S. similis Costa & Hellner, S. gibberatus Costa & Brasil, S. trilineatus (Costa & Brasil), S. auratus Costa & Nielsen, S. virgulatus Costa & Brasil, S. hellneri (Berkenkamp), S. adornatus Costa, S. fulminantis (Costa & Brasil), S. carlettoi Costa & Nielsen, S. magnificus (Costa & Brasil), S. picturatus Costa, S. antenori (Tulipano), S. igneus Costa, S. macaubensis Costa & Suzart, S. ghisolfii Costa, Cyrino & Nielsen, S. mediopapillatus Costa, S. flavicaudatus (Costa & Brasil), S. flagellatus Costa, S. janaubensis Costa, S. marginatus Costa & Brasil, S. delucai Costa, S. alternatus (Costa & Brasil), S. multiradiatus (Costa & Brasil), S. flammeus (Costa), and S. brunoi Costa. Distribution Central and northeastern Brazil, including the upper and middle rio Tocantins basin, middle rio Sao Francisco basin, lower rio Jaguaribe basin and adjacent coastal basins, and middle rio Jequitinhonha. Key to species groups of the subgenus Hypsolebias 1a. Frontal squamation E-patterned.............................................................................................................3 1b. Frontal squamation F-patterned........................................................................ S. notatus species group 2a(1a). Flank with unbroken conspicuous dark gray bars in females................................................................3 2b(1a). Flank with dark gray inconspicuous broken bars or spots in females................................. S. magnificus species group 3a(2a). Anal fin long, spatula-shaped in females; no spots on caudal peduncle in females................................ ....................................................................................................................... S. flammeus species group 3b(2a). Anal fin short, semi-circular in females; black spots on caudal peduncle in females............................. ......................................................................................................................... S. antenori species group