Three new species of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Author
Batista, João A. N.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, C. P. 486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270 - 910, Brazil; e-mail: janb @ icb. ufmg. br
Author
Ramalho, Bruno M. Carvalho Aline J.
Author
Bianchetti, Luciano B.
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Final Av. W 5 Norte, C. P. 02372, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70770 - 901, Brazil
text
Phytotaxa
2010
2010-12-06
13
27
39
http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.13.1.2
journal article
6293
10.11646/phytotaxa.13.1.2
f8eb7e73-4a8e-4e34-a286-73e87bed4afa
1179-3163
4778646
Habenaria psammophila
J.A.N.Bat., Bianch. & B.M.Carvalho
,
sp. nov.
(
Figs. 1
,
2
)
Habenariae cultelifoliae vegetative similis sed distinguitur petali segmento anteriore longiore (1.5–1.6-plo longiore quam segmento posteriore), labelli segmentis lateralibus longioribus (1.8–2.0-plo longioribus quam segmento mediano) et calcari breviore ((3.0–)4.0–
4.5 mm
).
Type
:—
BRAZIL
.
Minas Gerais
:
São Roque de Minas
,
Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra
, entre a portaria principal a partir
de
São Roque de Minas
e a nascente do
Rio São Francisco
,
20°15’40.7”S
,
46°25’37.3”W
,
1370 m
,
8 January 2007
(fl),
Batista
,
Mota
,
Faria
&
Borges
1794
(
holotype
:
BHCB
, isotypes:
AMES
,
CEN
,
MBM
,
RB
,
SP
)
.
Terrestrial herb. Tuber and roots not examined. Stem erect or slightly sinuose,
26–53 cm
long, including the inflorescence, 1.0–2.2(–2.6) mm wide. Leaves 5–8, erect, spreading, widest at the middle, straight, linear, 4.5–18.0 ×
0.2–0.5 cm
, narrowly acute, conduplicate, somewhat papery, non-membranous. Inflorescence
4– 15 cm
long, few to many-flowered, lax, usually one-sided; bracts elliptic, caudate, 5.0–23.0(–27.5) × 3.5–5.0 mm, about the same size as the ovary and pedicel. Flowers 3–27, greenish; ovary and pedicel (7–)
9–11 mm
long; ovary slightly arched,
6–9 mm
long, pedicel
1 mm
long. Sepals green, discretely mucronate, margins whitish, smooth; dorsal sepal concave, when flattened elliptic, 4.0–6.0(–7.0) × 3.0–4.0(–4.5) mm; lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate or obliquely elliptic, acute, reflexed or deflexed, 4.0–6.0 (–7.0) × 1.5–2.0 mm. Petals bipartite, green, base whitish, turning light green towards the segments apices; posterior segment linear-falcate, (3.5–)4.0–5.0 (–6.0) × 0.8–1.0 (–1.3) mm, acute, adherent to the dorsal sepal; anterior segment erect, linear-filiform, inserted at the base of the posterior segment, (5.0–)6.0–8.0 (–9.5) mm long. Lip tripartite, green, base whitish, turning light green towards the segments apices, undivided basal part short, 0.5–1.0 mm long; lateral lobes perpendicular to midlobe, erect, linear-filiform, (6–)7–10(–11) mm long; midlobe linear, straight, 3.5–5.5(–7.0) × 0.8–1.0 mm. Spur deflexed, free from the bracts, slightly clavate, shorter than the ovary and pedicel, (3.0–)4.0–
4.5 mm
long, base
0.5–0.8 mm
wide, whitish, apex 0.8–1.0 (– 1.3) mm wide, green. Column erect,
1.5 mm
high; connective emarginate, green; auricles fleshy, verrucose, whitish, 1.0 ×
0.7–1.1 mm
. Anther locules
0.7–0.8 mm
high, canals obscure, 0.0–
0.3 mm
long; hemipollinaria 2, separate,
0.8 mm
long each; viscidia rounded, dorsiventrally flat, 0.2 ×
0.2 mm
, ca.
0.2 mm
apart from each other; caudicles,
0.3–0.4 mm
long; pollinia
0.4 mm
long. Stigma lobes 2, base parallel, apices in contact to each other,
1.5–2.3 mm
long, receptive part green,
1.1–1.3 mm
long, slightly convex, turned upwards, inner margins thickened, apices with a short protrusion that touches the rostellum midlobe, dividing the entrance of the spur into two openings; rostellum 1.0–
1.3 mm
long, green; midlobe triangular, fleshy, acute,
0.7 mm
long,
0.8–1.1 mm
high, apex curved frontwards, completely situated between anther locules or partially projecting beyond; lateral lobes apically convergent,
0.4–0.5 mm
long.
FIGURE 1.
Habenaria psammophila
.
A.
Habit.
B.
Leaf.
C.
Flower, front view.
D.
Flower, ¾ lateral view.
E.
Perianth.
F.
Bract, pedicel, ovary, column and spur, side view.
G.
Column, lateral view.
H.
Column, front view.
I.
Rostellum, upper view.
J
. Rostellum, lateral view.
Batista et al. 1794
(BHCB).
FIGURE 2. A.
General view of Serra da Canastra during the rainy season in January 2007.
B.
Habitats of
H. psammophila
and
H. pseudoculicina
, seasonally wet meadows (
campo limpo estacionalmente úmido
), on the foreground, and of
H. canastrensis
, rocky field (
campo rupestre
), on the background. Flowers from live specimens.
Habenaria psammophila
.
C.
Part of inflorescence.
D.
Flowers.
E-F.
Habenaria canastrensis
.
G.
Habenaria pseudoculicina
.
H.
H. culicina
. Scale bars = 3 mm. C-D.
Batista et al. 1794
(BHCB). E-F.
Batista & Carvalho 2344
(BHCB). G.
Batista et al. 1808
(BHCB). H.
Batista 634
(CEN).
Distribution
:—The new species ranges from Chapada dos Veadeiros in the central plateau to Serra da Canastra in southwestern
Minas Gerais
, encompassing approximately
700 km
in the north-south direction. However, it is known from just five localities: Chapada dos Veadeiros, Serra dos Pirineus, and Cristalina in
Goiás
, Serra da Canastra in
Minas Gerais
and Chapada da Contagem in the
Federal District
, all tropical upland grasslands. In a published account of
Orchidaceae
of the
Federal District
(Batista & Bianchetti 2003),
H. psammophila
was listed as
H.
aff.
cultellifolia
Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 155)
.
Habitat, ecology and phenology
:—The new species has a range of
1200–1400 m
, growing in sandy, shallow, seasonally wet grasslands, usually associated with murundus or campos rupestres vegetation. In Serra da Canastra other
Habenaria
species
such as
H. caldensis
Kraenzlin (1892: 128)
,
H. pseudoculicina
,
H. cf. nuda
Lindley (1835: 312)
,
H. magniscutata
Catling (1987: 760)
,
H. guilleminii
Reichenbach
f. (1847: 375) and other terrestrial orchid species such as
Platythelys paranaensis
(
Kraenzlin 1911: 42
)
Garay (1977: 197)
and
Lyroglossa grisebachii
(Cogniaux 1895: 207)
Schlechter (1921: 27)
occur in the same habitats and flower at approximately the same time. In the central plateau
H. psammophila
is sympatric with
Habenaria pasbtii
J.A.N.Bat. & Bianch.
(Batista
et al.
2003: 397),
H. imbricata
Lindley (1835: 313)
and other orchid species such as
Liparis bifolia
Cogniaux (1895: 289)
. Flowering occurs from the peak to the end of the rainy season, from January to March, and is usually accompanied by brushfires during the dry season. All collections of the species by the authors were made in areas previously burned. In some localities large numbers of flowering specimens were observed.
Etymology
:—From the Greek
psammo
(sand) and
philus
(loving), referring to the sandy soils where the species grows.
Conservation status
:—Using the World Conservation Union Red List Categories and Criteria (
IUCN 2001
),
H. psammophila
would be classified as Least Concern. The species has a broad distribution, and although it is know from just five localities it is locally common; three of these areas, Serra da Canastra, Chapada dos Veadeiros and Serra dos Pirineus, are protected as national or state parks. Lastly it is unlikely to suffer collection pressure from orchid enthusiasts.
Additional specimens examined
:—
BRAZIL
.
Distrito Federal
:
Chapada da Contagem
,
Cachoeiras de Mumunhas
,
31 March 1995
(fl),
Batista
&
Bianchetti
569
(
CEN
)
;
Chapada da Contagem
,
21 March 1973
(fl),
Heringer
12773
(
UB
,
HB
)
;
Chapada da Contagem
,
15 February 1973
(fl),
Heringer
12850
(
HB
)
;
Goiás
:
Pirenópolis
,
31 March 1990
(fl),
Batista
&
Salles
073
(
CEN
)
;
Pirenópolis
,
31 March 1990
(fl),
Batista
&
Salles
074
(
CEN
)
;
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
27 January 1993
(fl),
Batista
&
Bianchetti
385
(
CEN
)
;
Cristalina
, BR-040, cerca de
4–5 km
N
de Cristalina
,
11 March 1999
(fl),
Batista
&
Bianchetti
882
(
CEN
)
;
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
20–25 km
a noroeste de
Cavalcante
,
21 February 1997
(fl),
Batista
et al. 717
(
CEN
)
;
Alto Paraíso
,
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
, GO-118, km 187, ca. de
21 km
ao
N
de Alto Paraíso
,
25 March 2001
(fl),
Batista
et al. 1229
(
CEN
)
;
Alto Paraíso
,
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
, GO-118, 27 km
N
de
Alto Paraíso
em direção a
Teresina de Goiás
,
13º56’41.9”S
,
47º27’12.9”W
,
1490 m
,
4 February 2010
,
Batista
et al. 2953
(
BHCB
)
;
Pirenópolis
,
27 March 1991
(fl),
Bianchetti
et al. 1156
(
CEN
)
;
Pirenópolis
, estrada velha Pirenópolis-
Cocalzinho
, a
5.6 km
de
Pirenópolis
,
22 February 1993
(fl),
Bianchetti
1466
(
CEN
)
;
Alto Paraíso
, GO-118,
Serra da Baliza
, topo do morro,
15 March 1995
(fl),
Cavalcanti
et al. 1384
(
CEN
,
SP
,
SPF
)
;
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
16 February 1979
(fl),
Gates
&
Estabrook
229
(
UB
)
;
Alto Paraíso
, GO-12,
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
1300–1500 m
,
20 February 1975
(fl),
Hatschbach
et al. 36360
(
MBM
,
NY
)
;
15–20 km
O
de Alto Paraíso
, GO-118,
1400–1500 m
,
13 February 1990
(fl),
Hatschbach
et al. 53944
(
MBM
)
;
Cristalina
,
2 February 1967
(fl),
Heringer
11328
(
UB
)
;
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
8 February 1966
(fl),
Irwin
et al. 12360
(
UB
)
;
Cristalina
,
2 March 1966
(fl),
Irwin
et al. 13312
(
NY
)
;
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
10 km
S
of Alto Paraíso
,
21 March 1969
(fl),
Irwin
et al. 24869
(
HB
,
NY
,
UB
)
;
Alto Paraíso
,
19 March 1971
(fl),
Irwin
et al. 32176
(
NY
)
;
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
25 March 1971
(fl),
Irwin
et al. 33176
(
UB
)
;
Cavalcante
,
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
13
o
37'29''S
,
47
o
32'01''W
,
21 February 1997
,
Oliveira
et al. s.n.
(
UB
)
;
Cristalina
,
16
o
46’S
,
47
o
37’W
,
1050 m
, ca.
5 km
da cidade, estrada para
Paracatu
,
4 February 1987
(fl),
Pirani
et al. 1576
(
SPF
)
;
Serra Topázio
,
20 km
de
Cristalina
,
15 February 1973
(fl),
Rizzo
8810
(
UFG
)
;
Pirenópolis
,
31 March 1990
(fl),
Salles
1657
(
HEPH
)
;
Alto Paraíso
,
6 February 1993
(fl),
Salles
1863
(
HEPH
)
;
Alto Paraíso
,
6 February 1993
(fl),
Salles
1867
(
HEPH
)
;
Chapada
dos
Veadeiros
,
16 February 1979
(fl),
Sano
063
(
UB
)
;
17,4 km da estrada
Alto Paraíso
/
Colinas
, fazenda
Salto
,
1300 m
,
23 February 1991
(fl),
Walter
et al. 649
(
IBGE
)
;
Minas Gerais
:
São Roque de Minas
,
Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra
, estrada
São Roque de Minas - Sacramento
, em direção a
Sacramento
, cerca de
4 km
após a portaria
São Roque
,
12 March 2000
(fl),
Batista
&
Lemos
1064
(
CEN
)
;
6.9 km
a partir da portaria principal de
São Roque de Minas
, em direção a
Sacramento
, cerca de
1.1–1.3 km
após a nascente do
Rio São Francisco
,
20°13'57.4"S
,
46°26'36.7"W
,
1407 m
,
9 January 2007
(fl),
Batista
et al. 1807
(
BHCB
)
;
estrada
São Roque - Sacramento
, km 55,
22 February 1997
(fl),
Nakajima
et al. 2273
(
HUFU
)
;
próximo a sede administrativa,
11 January 1996
(fl),
Romero
et al. 3248
(
HUFU
)
;
morro antes do
Córrego
dos
Passageiros
,
10 January 1998
(fl),
Romero
et al. 4964
(
HUFU
)
.
This is one of the several new species of
Habenaria
that was first collected in the sixties during the botanical exploration of the Brazilian central plateau that followed the founding of Brasília; it remained overlooked until now. As far as we could determine
H. psammophila
was first collected by Howard S. Irwin in
1966 in
Chapada dos Veadeiros,
Goiás
. Guido F.J. Pabst, the most prominent orchid taxonomist in
Brazil
at that time, examined several collections of
H. psammophila
but misidentified them as
H. culicina
Reichenbach
f. & Warming (1881: 79),
H. armata
Reichenbach
f. (1854: 10),
H. alpestris
Cogniaux (1893: 74)
,
H. nasuta
Reichenbach
f. & Warm. (1881: 80), and
H. confusa
Cogniaux (1893: 65)
, the former a synonym of
H. secundiflora
Barbosa Rodrigues (1881: 252)
. These mistakes probably reflected the poor characterization of these species at that time and prevented the recognition of
H. psammophila
as a new species before.
Despite these misidentifications the species to which
H. psammophila
seems most similar is
H. cultellifolia
. In both species the leaves are linear, erect, straight, spread, somewhat papery, non-membranous, and conduplicated. However, the two species differ in length of pedicel and ovary (
7–11 mm
long in
H. psammophila
versus
14–19 mm
long in
H. cultellifolia
) and size of spur (3.0–
4.5 mm
long in
H. psammophila
versus
10–15 mm
long in
H. cultellifolia
).
Habenaria culicina
,
H. alpestris
,
H. secundiflora
and
H. armata
differ from
H. psammophila
in their habits. The first three species have linear leaves which are adpressed to the stem along most of its length (versus spread in
H. psammophila
). In
H. armata
the leaves are lanceolate to oblong, and concentrated at the base of the stem. The identification as
H. nasuta
is unwarranted, since this species has much larger flowers (dorsal sepal 13–19 ×
8–11 mm
) and longer lateral segments of the petals and lip (
25–55 mm
long).