A taxonomic revision of the genus Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Author
Silva, Fernando A. B.
Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, setor de Zoologia, Campus Belém. Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01. Guamá. Belém PA 66075 - 110, Brazil. E-mail: fernandoabsilva @ yahoo. com. br
Author
Valois, Marcely
Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará / Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01. Guamá. Belém PA 66075 - 110, Brazil.
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-07-08
4629
3
301
341
journal article
21174
10.11646/zootaxa.4629.3.1
9419bc9b-dbe4-426c-a34e-f0034848ff99
1175-5326
3995508
1D47B452-0A40-4BC5-9BBA-C06DEB298C9A
Scybalocanthon trimaculatus
(
Schmidt, 1922
)
(
Figs. 2
H–J, 4V, 5U, 6C)
Canthon trimaculatus
Schmidt, 1922: 65
, 94 (original description);
Balthasar 1939: 191
(identification key);
Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 552
(distribution, identification key);
Krajcik 2006: 31
(catalog);
Krajcik 2012: 64
;
Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018: 69
(figures 105–106), 70 (data of
type
specimens).
Canthon trimaculatum:
Blackwelder 1944: 202
(checklist).
Scybalocanthon trimaculatus
:
Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 554
(distribution, identification key);
Halffter & Martínez 1977: 6
(checklist);
Medina
et al
. 2001: 137
(cited for
Colombia
);
Medina
et al
. 2003: 65
(distribution);
Carvajal
et al
. 2011: 316
(cited for
Ecuador
);
Ratcliffe
et al
. 2015: 195
(cited for
Peru
);
Chamorro
et al.
2018: 98
(cited for
Ecuador
);
Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018: 69
(figures 105–106), 70 (data of
type
specimens);
Chamorro
et al.
2019: 232
, 233 (catalog of dung beetles species from
Ecuador
).
Diagnosis
. Specimens of
S. trimaculatus
are readily distinguishable from all other species by the body with metallic sheen, femora bicolored, pronotum with three black spots (two rounded spots on each side of midline anteriorly and one quadrate spot on midline posteriorly). In some individuals, anterior spots are missing, in others spots are fused and two smaller additional spots are present laterally (
Figs. 2
H–J); eighth elytral stria lacking carina at the anterior portion; and endophallus with microbristles right beside the FLP sclerite (
Fig. 5V
).
Description. Body.
Oval-elongate, with variable metallic sheen.
Color
. Most of pronotum, lateral portion of hypomera, pygidium, and middle of femora yellow or light brown. Head, elytra, prosternum, mesoventrite, mesoepisternae, metaepisternae, metaventrite, abdominal ventrites, trochanters, proximal and distal portions of femora, and tibiae dark brown or black.
Length.
7.0–10.0 mm.
Thorax
. Pronotum with three black spots (two rounded spots on each side of midline anteriorly and one quadrate spot on midline posteriorly). In some individuals, anterior spots are missing, in others spots are fused and two smaller additional spots are present laterally (
Figs. 2
H–J). Anterior angles of pronotum approximately 85°. Lateral margin regularly curved outward, not forming an angle at the middle portion.
Elytra
. Striae thin, shiny, impressed, punctures inconspicuous. Eighth stria effaced at the basal third, lacking carina at the anterior portion.
Aedeagus.
Parameres symmetrical, apex pointed (
Fig. 4V
). Dorsal margin of parameres curved inward at the basal portion. Ventral margin of parameres curved inward at the basal and apical portions, medial portion curved outward. SRP circular, with rounded handle-shaped extension (
Fig. 5V
). FLP “J”- shaped, with microbristles right beside it (
Fig. 5M
). A+SA with two superposed and elongate sclerites (
Fig. 5V
).
AS
subrectangular (
Fig. 5V
).
Type material.
Canthon trimaculatus
Schmidt
,
lectotype
♂
(
here designated
;
SMTD
)
:
“Cachabé / low C. I. 97. / (Rosenberg)” // “
Coll. C. Felsche
/ Kauf 20 / 1918” // “
Canthon
/
trimaculatus
/
n.sp. a. Schmidt
” // “Typus” // “
LECTOTYPE
♂
/
Canthon
/
trimaculatus
/
Schmidt
/ des.
F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello.
”
Paralectotypes
1
♂ and
2♀
(
SMTD
)
:
“R. Dagua /
Colombia
/ W. Rosenberg” // “
Coll. C. Felsche
/ Kauf 20 / 1918” // “
PARALECTOTYPE
♂
or
♀
/
Canthon
/
trimaculatus
/
Schmidt
/ des.
F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello
”.
Paralectotype
♂
(
SMTD
)
:
“Cachabé / to Paramba / II. 97” // “
Coll. C. Felsche
/ Kauf 20 / 1918” // “
PARALECTOTYPE
♂
/
Canthon
/
trimaculatus
/
Schmidt
/ des.
F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello
”.
Paralectotype
♀
(
SMTD
)
:
“Cachabé / low c. XII. 96 / (Rosenberg)” // “
Coll. C. Felsche
/ Kauf 20 / 1918” // “
PARALECTOTYPE
♀
/
Canthon
/
trimaculatus
/
Schmidt
/ des.
F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello
”.
Paralectotype
♀
(
SMTD
)
:
“
Surinam
” // “
Coll. C. Felsche
/ Kauf 20 / 1918” // “
PARALECTOTYPE
♀
/
Canthon
/
trimaculatus
/
Schmidt
/ des.
F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello
”.
Paralectotype
(
IRSN
): “
Columbie
” //
trimaculatus
/
m.
” // “
J.J. Gillet
det. / vend.: /
Canthon
/
trimaculatus Gillet
/
R.M.H.N. Belg.
10.640” // “
PARALECTOTYPE
♀
? /
Canthon
/
trimaculatus
/
Schmidt
/ des.
F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello
”
.
Paralectotype
♀
(
NHRS
)
:
“
R. Dagua
/
Colombia
/
W. Rosenberg
” // “
trimacul.
” // “trimaculatus /
Schm
” // “
Scybalocanthon
/
3-
maculatus
/
(
Schm
)
/
P. Pereira
det.
60
” // “37 / 56” // “
PARALECTOTYPE
♀
/
Canthon
/
trimaculatus
/
Schmidt
/ des.
F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello
”
.
Non-type material [
100 males
,
114 females
]:
COLOMBIA
:
CHOCÓ:
Unión Panamericana
,
Salero
(
76°44’W
,
5°32’N
),
3–5.vi.
2010
, 120 m, J. Arias—
3♂
1♀
(
CEMT
)
;
Quibdó-Istmina
km 40 (
5°22’N
,
76°37’W
),
ix.1972
, Mar- tínez—
1♂
(
CMNC
)
;
Quibdó
,
La Troja
,
ix.1972
, Martínez—
1♂
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
VALLE DEL CAUCA
,
Anchicaya Dam
,
70 km
E Buenaventura
,
366 m
(
3°46’N
,
76°43’W
),
26.vii.1970
,
H. &A. Howden
, human feces—
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
NARIÑO
:
Barbacoas
,
Vereda El Peje
,
Llanura Pacifica
, interior de bosque (
78°45’9.88”W
,
1°25’59.88”N
), pit- fall, human feces,
5–15.xii.
2009
, 715 m,
J. Castillo-Garcia
& P. Botina-Beltrán—
1♂
(
CEMT
)
;
Altaquer
,
El Barro
, Reserva Natural
Rio Ñambi
, flanco occidental de la cordillera occidental (
78°5’W
,
1°18’N
),
2–15.v.2010
,
pitfall
, human feces, 1450 m—
1♂
(
CEMT
)
;
La Espriella
,
iv.1995
, 50 m, F. Escobar—
2♂
(
CEMT
)
.
ECUADOR
:
CANÃR
:
Javín
,
ii.1992
, 850–
1400 m
, P. Arnaud—
1♂
(
CEMT
)
;
CARCHI
:
Cabeceras Río
Baboso—8 [unsexed specimens] (
MQCAZ
)
;
Tobar Donoso
300 m—5 [unsexed specimens] (
MECN
)
;
COTOPAXI
:
Guasaganda Km
4,
20.xii.
1997
, 500 m, C. Carpio—
1♂
1♀
(
CEMT
)
;
IMBABURA
:
Lita
682 m—5 [unsexed specimens] (
MQCAZ
)
.
SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSACHILAS
:
La
Perla—5 [unsexed specimens] (
MQCAZ
)
;
TUNGURAHUA
:
Banõs
,
xi.1979
, [anonymous]—
1♂
(
CEMT
)
.
ESMERALDAS
,
Charco Vicente
(
0°42’4’’N
,
78°54’38’’W
),
16.v.2001
,
J. Quito
&
F. Añapa
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
3♂
2♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Chispero
(
0°47’N
,
78°55’W
),
15.ii.2001
,
J. Celi
&
I. Yépez
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
14♂
15♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Biológica Bilsa
(
0°20’24’’N
,
79°42’36’’W
),
5.vi–7.vii.1996
,
P. Hibbs
, flight interception trap—
1♂
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Forestal La Chiquita
,
11 km
SE San Lorenzo
,
5 m
(
1°10’N
,
78°47’W
),
6–11.vi.1975
,
S. Peck
, forest, dung traps—
9♂
12♀
(
CMNC
,
MZUFPA
)
;
Majua
(
0°42’11’’N
,
79°32’27’’W
),
28.iii.2001
,
J. Celi
&
I. Yépez
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
1♂
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Palma Real
(
0°22’48’’N
,
79°20’29’’W
),
24.iii.2001
,
I. Yépez
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
17♂
13♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Palma Real
(
0°22’48’’N
,
79°20’29’’W
),
25.iii.2001
,
J. Celi
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
3♂
5♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Playa de Oro
,
Esteiro Pote
(
0°51.875’N
,
78°43.743’W
),
12.ii.1999
,
J. Celi
&
A. Dávalos
,
pitfall trap
, feces—
1♂
(
CMNC
)
;
Playa de Oro
,
Esteiro Pote
(
0°51.875’N
,
78°43.743’W
),
11.xii.
1998
, 200 m, A. Dávalos—
1♂
1♀
(
CEMT
)
;
Playa de Oro
,
Esteiro Pote
(
78°43.743’W
,
00°51.875’N
),
12.ii.1999
,
J. Celi
& A. Dávalos—
2♂
5♀
(
CEMT
)
;
Playa de Oro
,
Estación La Chiquita
(
78°45’48.1”W
,
1°14’1.3”N
),
4.v.1997
, 60 m, C. Castro—
1♂
(
CEMT
)
;
Playa Rica
(
0°53’N
,
78°46’W
),
21.iii.2001
,
J. Celi
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
5♂
9♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Playa Rica
(
0°53’N
,
78°46’W
),
22.iii.2001
,
I. Yépez
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
7♂
6♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Punta de Venado
(
0°56’38’’N
,
78°59’46’’W
),
23.xi.2000
,
J. Celi
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
1♂
(
CMNC
)
;
San
Mateo (
0°53’15’’N
,
79°38’5’’W
),
5.x.1956
, Förster—
1♂
(
CMNC
)
;
Tsejpi
(
0°47’N
,
78°50’W
),
17.ii.2001
,
I. Yépez
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
4♂
2♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Tsejpi
(
0°47’N
,
78°50’W
),
18.ii.2001
,
I. Yépez
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
1♂
2♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Tsejpi
(
0°47’N
,
78°50’W
),
19.ii.2001
,
J. Celi
,
pitfall trap
, human feces—
2♂
5♀
(
CMNC
)
.
LOS RÍOS
,
47 km
S Santo Domingo
,
213 m
(
0°35’S
,
79°22’W
),
24.ii.1976
,
H.F. Howden
&
V.G.
Nealis—
2♂
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
47 km
S
Santo Domingo
,
213 m
(
0°35’S
,
79°22’W
),
27.ii.1976
, V. Nealis—
1♂
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Científica
Río Palenque
[site 2],
200 m
(
0°36’S
,
79°21’W
),
25.iv– 6.vi.1996
,
P. Hibbs
,
flight interception trap
(1996-02)—
1♂
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Científica
Río Palenque
[site 2],
200 m
(
0°36’S
,
79°21’W
),
iii.1989
,
P.L.
Arnaud—
3♂
(
CEMT
)
;
Estación Científica
Río Palenque
,
47 km
S Santo
Do- mingo [site 1],
250 m
(
0°37’48’’S
,
79°24’26’’W
),
28–31.vii.1976
,
S. Peck
, forest—
1♂
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Científica
Río Palenque
,
47 km
S Santo Domingo
[site 1],
250 m
(
0°37’48’’S
,
79°24’26’’W
),
16–27.ii.1979
,
S.A. Marshall
, dung trap—
2♂
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Científica
Río Palenque
,
47 km
S Santo Domingo
[site 1],
250 m
(
0°37’48’’S
,
79°24’26’’W
),
17–25.ii.1979
, L. Ling—
5♂
8♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Científica
Río Palenque
,
47 km
S Santo
Do- mingo [site 1],
250 m
(
0°37’48’’S
,
79°24’26’’W
),
19–20.ii.1979
,
L. Ling
, dung cup trap—
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Científica
Río Palenque
,
47 km
S Santo Domingo
[site 1],
250 m
(
0°37’48’’S
,
79°24’26’’W
),
21–22.ii.1979
,
L. Ling
, dung cup trap—
2♂
3♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Científica
Río Palenque
,
47 km
S Santo Domingo
[site 1],
250 m
(
0°37’48’’S
,
79°24’26’’W
),
5.v–25.vii.1985
,
S. & J. Peck
, malaise/flight interception trap—
1♂
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Es- tación
Experimental Tropical Pichilingue
,
Quevedo
(
1°0’13’’S
,
79°27’50’’W
),
viii.1972
, Martínez—
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue
,
Quevedo
(
1°0’13’’S
,
79°27’50’’W
),
ix.1972
, Martínez—
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue
,
Quevedo
(
1°0’13’’S
,
79°27’50’’W
),
v.1976
, Martínez—
7♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue
,
Quevedo
(
1°0’13’’S
,
79°27’50’’W
),
xi.1976
, Paliz—
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue
,
Quevedo
(
1°0’13’’S
,
79°27’50’’W
),
i.1977
, Paliz—
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Río Palenque
(
0°37’48’’S
,
79°24’26’’W
),
24.ii.1979
, S. Marshall—
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
MANABÍ
,
78 km
NE Chone
,
85 km
WSW
Santo Domingo
,
450 m
(
0°20’46’’S
,
79°42’20’’W
),
9–12.vi.1976
,
S. Peck
, forest, dung traps—
2♀
(
CMNC
)
;
90 km
WSW Santo Domingo
,
73 km
NE
Chone
,
300 m
(
0°20’52’’S
,
79°44’22’’W
),
6–9.vi.1976
,
S. Peck
, forest,
dung trap
(
dung traps
3–5)—
3♂
2♀
(
CMNC
)
;
PICHINCHA
,
4 km
SE Santo Domingo
,
500 m
(
0°16’S
,
79°7’W
),
8–22.vi.1975
,
S. Peck
, forest, dung trap—
2♂
1♀
(
CMNC
)
;
Llurimaguas
“Guayabilla”,
R. Guayllabamba
,
xii.2010
,
W. Chamorro
& P. Lahuatte—
1♂
(
CEMT
)
;
Chiriboga
road
Km
12–20,
1–6.iii.1987
,
1200–1600 m
,
P.L.
Arnaud—
1♀
(
CEMT
)
.
Distribution.
Known from
Colombia
and
Ecuador
(
Fig. 6C
).
Endemism areas
:
Brazilian sub-region
: Pacific dominion: Chocó-Darién, Western
Ecuador
, and Cauca provinces (see
Morrone 2014
; fig. 12).
Remarks.
Molano & Medina (2010)
presented a different interpretation relative to the identity of the FPL sclerite in this species. The authors described and illustrated this sclerite only as membranous (see fig.
95 in
Molano & Medina 2010
). In fact, a membranous portion with microbristles exists where this sclerite is located (
Fig. 5V
). However, according to our interpretation of the primary homology of the sclerites in
Scybalocanthon
, the FLP sclerite would be one of the two sclerites described and illustrated as lateral sclerites by the authors (see fig.
106 in
Molano & Medina 2010
). Thus, the specimens examined by us had only one lateral sclerite (referred to here as additional sclerite (
AS
) according to the nomenclature proposed by
Tarasov and Génier 2015
).