Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)
Author
Jimmy Cabra-García
Author
Antonio D. Brescovit
text
Zootaxa
2016
2016-01-27
4069
1
1
183
journal article
31381
10.11646/zootaxa.4069.1.1
5a65a6a9-d142-4121-b893-a83e929ffdbc
1175-5326
1054149
52FC658C-78C7-49FC-9961-8AC43CA03101
Glenognatha caaguara
new species
(
Figs. 71–74
,
133
)
Types
.
Male
holotype
from
Potreiro Velho
,
São Francisco de Paula
,
Rio
Grande
do
Sul
,
Brazil
, [
29º28´S
,
50º9´W
], elev. [
772m
],
25.iii.1997
,
J. Ketterl
leg., deposited in
MCTP 17537
, Paratypes: 1♂ 1♀, 29º28´26.619´´S, 50º9´22.4451´´W,
7.iv.2001
, deposited in MCN 52014; 2♀, 29º28´26.619´´S, 50º9´22.4451´´W,
14.iv.2002
, deposited in MCN 52034; 1♂, 29º28´26.619´´S, 50º9´22.4451´´W,
14.iv.2002
, deposited in MCN 52035, all from the type locality, R. Ott leg.;
1♂
paratype
(
IBSP 57090
) and
1♀
paratype
(
IBSP 57080
) from
Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina
,
São José do Barreiro
,
São Paulo
,
Brazil
, [
22º43´S
,
44º36´W
], elev. [
900m
],
28.iv—3.v.2002
,
Equipe Biota
leg.
Etymology.
The species epithet is a noun in apposition, refers to the Caaguaras indigenous tribe, first inhabitants of São Francisco de Paula in
Rio
Grande
do
Sul
,
Brazil
.
Diagnosis.
Males of
G. caaguara
can be distinguished from all other
Glenognatha
species by the conspicuously rounded basal apophysis of the paracymbium (
Fig. 73H
). Females can be easily differentiated from all other
Glenognatha
(except
G. gloriae
) by having three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth (
Figs. 72D–F
); distinguished from
G. gloriae
by the slightly projected clypeus in lateral view (
Fig. 71F
).
FIGURE 71.
Glenognatha caaguara
new species
from Brazil. A–D, male habitus (MCTP 13771). A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral. D, frontal. E–H, female habitus (MCTP 17493). E, dorsal. F, lateral. G, ventral. H, frontal. Scale bars, 200 µm. TS: posterior tracheal spiracle.
Male (
holotype
)
: Habitus as in
Figures 71
A
–D
. Carapace yellow-brownish, darker along furrows. Sternum brown with darker edges. Abdomen oval, strongly depigmentated, with irregular pattern of two diffused dusky bands that join medially at posterior region. Silver guanine spots scattered in two longitudinal bands dorsally and in lateral surfaces. Ventrally without silver spots. Legs light yellow-brownish. Total length 1.85. Cephalothorax 0.87 long, 0.80 wide, 0.57 high. Abdomen 0.97 long, 0.82 wide, 0.80 high. Sternum 0.50 long, 0.55 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08. ALE 0.07. PME 0.13. PLE 0.08. AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.07, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 1.80. Chelicerae darker than cephalothorax, with a welldeveloped anterior tooth (
Figs. 72
A
, C
). Three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. (
Figs. 72
A
–C
). Prt1 enlarged (
Fig. 72
A
). CFO well-developed (
Fig. 72C
). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.30, patella 0.32, tibia 1.30, metatarsus 1.02, tarsus 0.65, total 4.60: II: 1.15, 0.30, 1.15, 0.87, 0.55, 4.02; III: 0.75, 0.27, 0.55, 0.57, 0.37, 2.52; IV: 1.05, 0.22, 0.90, 0.75, 0.45, 3.37. DTS 0.07. DTE 0.48. Palp as in
Figures 73E–H
. Paracymbium with distinct rounded basal apophysis (
Fig. 73H
). Median region of the embolus with helical configuration (
Figs. 73D
,
74F–H
).
FIGURE 72.
Glenognatha caaguara
new species
from Brazil. A–C, male left chelicerae (IBSP 57091). A, anterior. B, posterior. C, mesal. D–F, female left chelicerae (IBSP 57078). D, anterior. E, posterior. F, mesal. Scale bars, 100 µm. AT: anterior tooth. CFO: cheliceral fang outgrowth. Prt: promarginal tooth. Ret: retromarginal tooth.
FIGURE 73.
Glenognatha caaguara
new species
from Brazil. A–D, male left palp, schematic (IBSP 57090). A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E–H, male left palp (MCTP 13771). E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral (arrow, paracymbium basal apophysis). Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.
FIGURE 74.
Glenognatha caaguara
new species
. A–C, female genitalia. A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral (arrow, uterus externus basal portion). D–E, spermathecae and copulatory duct. F, male left palp ventral. G–H, embolus and conductor. G, ventral. H, dorsal. I–J, female tracheal system. I, dorsal. J, median trunk distal. Scale bars, 20 µm (A–C, F–J), 10 µm (D–E). C: conductor. CD: copulatory duct. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. EMg: embolic medial groove. LSD: longstem ducts. LT: lateral trunk. MC: membranous chamber. MT: median trunk. S: spermathecae. T: tegulum. UE: uterus externus.
Female (
paratype
MCN 52014)
. Coloration and general habitus as in male (
Figs. 71E–H
). Venter with a lighter area between the gonopore and the openings of the book lungs. Total length 2.10. Cephalothorax 0.97 long, 0.85 wide, 0.65 high. Abdomen 1.35 long, 1.12 wide, 1.12 high. Sternum 0.50 long, 0.52 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.08. PME 0.13. PLE 0.07. AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 1.80. Chelicerae darker than cephalothorax, with three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth (
Figs. 72D–F
). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.27, patella 0.32, tibia 1.35, metatarsus 1.05, tarsus 0.67, total 4.67; II: 1.25, 0.32, 1.22, 0.80, 0.62, 4.22; III: 0.82, 0.20, 0.52, 0.58, 0.37, 2.51; IV: 1.07, 0.25, 0.80, 0.75, 0.43, 3.31. DTS 0.07. DTE 0.52. Tracheal system as in
Figures
74I
–J
. Spermathecae well-developed (
Figs. 74
A
–E
). Uterus externus with a laminar basal portion (
Fig. 74C
).
Variation.
Male total length 1.7–2.0 (
N
= 10; average 1.8), cephalothorax length 0.8–1.0 (
N
= 10; average 0.9), femur I length 1.3–1.4 (
N
= 10; average 1.3). Female total length 1.7–2.3 (
N
= 10; average 2.0), cephalothorax length 0.7–1.1 (
N
= 10; average 0.9), femur I length 0.8–1.3 (
N
= 10; average 1.1).
Distribution.
Known from
São Paulo
,
Santa Catarina
and
Rio
Grande
do
Sul
states in
Brazil
(
Fig. 133
).
Additional material examined (N = 49).
BRAZIL
:
São Paulo
:
São José do Barreiro
,
Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina
, [
22º43´S
,
44º36´W
], elev. [
900m
],
28.iv—3.v.2002
,
Equipe Biota
leg.,
Pitfall
,
4♀
(
IBSP 68552
)
; 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 57091); 1♂ (IBSP 57078).
Santa Catarina
:
Ilhota
,
Morro do Baú
, [
26º52´5.87´´S
,
48º51´12.88´´W
], elev. [
232m
],
13.v.1996
,
C. N. Duchett
leg.,
2♂
(
MCN
27631)
.
Rio
Grande
do
Sul
:
São Francisco de Paula
,
Potreiro Velho
, [
29º28´S
,
50º9´W
], elev. [
772m
],
31.iii.1997
,
J. Ketterl
leg.,
1♂
(
MCTP 16065
)
;
17.iii.1997
, 1♂ (MCTP 16066);
11.iii.1997
, 2♂ (MCTP 17541);
18.iii.1997
, 1♀ (MCTP 17493), all collected by J. Ketterl;
12– 15.vi.1997
,
A
. Lise leg.,
1♂
(
MCTP 13771
)
; 29º28´27.121´´S, 50º9´25.0714´´W,
1.v.2001
, 1♂ (MCN 52016); 29º29´15.898´´S, 50º10´59.5791´´W,
1.v.2001
, 1 immature (MCN 52017); 29º28´27.121´´S, 50º9´25.0714´´W,
2.i.2001
, 2♀ (MCN 52019); 29º28´26.619´´S, 50º9´22.4451´´W,
2.i.2001
, 1♀ (MCN 52026); 29º29´14.82´´S, 50º10´57.8025´´W,
2.ii.2001
, 1♂ (MCN 52012); 29º29´15.998´´S, 50º10´59.5791´´W,
2.ii.2001
, 1♀ (MCN 52018); 29º28´27.121´´S, 50º9´25.0714´´W,
2.ii.2001
, 1 immature (MCN 52021); 29º28´26.619´´S, 50º9´22.4451´´W,
2.ii.2002
, 1♀ (MCN 52028); 1♀ (MCN 52029); 29º28´27.121´´S, 50º9´25.0714´´W,
2.ii.2002
, 2♀ (MCN 52031); 29º29´14.82´´S, 50º10´57.8025´´W,
2.ii.2002
, 1♀ (MCN 52044); 29º28´38.84296´´S, 50º10´8.63689´´W,
2.ii.2002
, 1♀ (MCN 52045); 29º29´14.82048´´S, 50º10´57.80248´´W,
2.vi.2001
, 1♀ (MCN 52025); 29º28´26.61861´´S, 50º9´22.44506´´W,
3.iii.2001
, 1♂ (MCN 52013); 29º28´38.84296´´S, 50º10´8.63689´´W,
7.iv.2001
, 1♂ (MCN 52022); 29º29´14.82048´´S, 50º10´57.80248´´W,
7.iv.2001
, 1♀ (MCN 52024); 29º28´26.61861´´S, 50º9´22.44506´´W,
8.iii.2002
, 1♀ (MCN 52042); 29º29´14.82048´´S, 50º10´57.80248´´W,
8.iii.2002
, 1♂ (MCN 52043); 29º28´38.84296´´S, 50º10´8.63689´´W,
9.v.2001
, 1♀ (MCN 52046); 29º28´27.12072´´S, 50º9´25.07136´´W,
11.x.2001
, 1♀ (MCN 52032); 29º29´15.99848´´S, 50º10´59.57909´´W,
13.xi.2001
, 1♀ (MCN 52039); 29º28´38.84296´´S, 50º10´8.63689´´W,
14.iv.2002
, 1♂ (MCN 52023); 29º28´27.12072´´S, 50º9´25.07136´´W,
14.iv.2002
, 1♂ (MCN 52036); 1♀ (MCN 52040); 29º29´14.82048´´S, 50º10´57.80248´´W,
14.iv.2002
, 1♀ (MCN 52037); 29º28´27.12072´´S, 50º9´25.07136´´W,
14.ix.2002
, 1♂ (MCN 52038); 29º28´38.84296´´S, 50º10´8.63689´´W,
14.ix.2002
, 1♀ (MCN 52041); 29º28´27.12072´´S, 50º9´25.07136´´W,
18.v.2002
, 1♀ (MCN 52030); 29º28´26.61861´´S, 50º9´22.44506´´W,
18.v.2002
, 1♂ (MCN 52033); 29º29´14.82048´´S, 50º10´57.80248´´W,
23.xi.2000
, 1♀ (MCN 52015); 29º29´26.61861´´S, 50º9´22.44506´´W,
25.x.2000
, 1♂ (MCN 52020); 29º29´38.84296´´S, 50º10´8.63689´´W,
25.x.2000
, 1♂ (MCN 52027), all collected by R. Ott.