Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)
Author
Jimmy Cabra-García
Author
Antonio D. Brescovit
text
Zootaxa
2016
2016-01-27
4069
1
1
183
journal article
31381
10.11646/zootaxa.4069.1.1
5a65a6a9-d142-4121-b893-a83e929ffdbc
1175-5326
1054149
52FC658C-78C7-49FC-9961-8AC43CA03101
Glenognatha mendezi
new species
(
Figs. 45–49
,
132
)
Types
.
Male
holotype
from
Hacienda
San Pedro
,
Alto Queremal
,
Dagua
,
Valle del Cauca
,
Colombia
,
3º29´5.42´´N
,
76º42´W
, elev.
1800m
,
21.xi.2009
,
J. Méndez
leg., deposited in
ICN 5981
; Paratypes: 11♂ 9♀ from the type locality,
21–26.xi.2009
, J. Cabra leg., deposited in ICN 5982;
1♀
from
Río Dagua
,
Queremal
,
Valle del Cauca
,
Colombia
, [
3º30´N
,
76º43´W
], elev. [
1512m
],
19.vi.1970
, deposited in
MCZ
92671
;
1♂
1♀
from
Vereda Chicoral
,
La Cumbre
,
Valle del Cauca
,
Colombia
,
3º34´N
,
76º35.6´W
, elev.
1800–2100m
,
31.x.2009
,
J. Méndez
leg., deposited in
IBSP 163857
;
3♂
1♀
from
Bosque Integral Otonga
, 4.5
Km
from
San Francisco
de las
Pampas
,
Cotopaxi
,
Ecuador
,
0º25´17.3´´N
,
78º58´56.9´´W
, elev.
1670m
,
8.xii.2009
,
A. J. Santos
leg., deposited in
UFMG 8975
.
Etymology.
The species epithet is in honor of Javier Méndez Narváez, collector of the
holotype
, esteemed colleague and friend. The name is a noun in genitive.
Diagnosis.
Males of
G. mendezi
can be distinguished from all other
Glenognatha
species by having the Ret1 adjacent to the fang articulation (
Fig. 46B
). Females are diagnosed by having few gland ducts (two to four) in the spermathecae (
Figs. 48E–F
).
FIGURE 45.
Glenognatha mendezi
new species
from Colombia (ICN 5982). A–D, male habitus. A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral. D, frontal. E–H, female habitus. E, dorsal. F, lateral. G, ventral (arrow, pleural bar). H, frontal. Scale bars, 200 µm. TS: posterior tracheal spiracle.
Male (
holotype
)
. Habitus as in
Figures 45
A
–D
. Carapace yellow-brownish. Sternum dusky brown with darker edges and dusky bands oriented to the median region. Abdomen oval, with irregular pattern of two lateral black bands darker at posterior region. Silver guanine spots scattered in two longitudinal bands dorsally and in lateral surfaces. Venter without guanine spots. Legs brownish tan. Total length 2.39. Cephalothorax 0.97 long, 0.78 wide, 0.67 high. Abdomen 1.40 long, 0.88 wide, 0.92 high. Sternum 0.50 long, 0.52 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06. ALE 0.05. PME 0.07. PLE 0.04. AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.1, PME-PME 0.09, PME-PLE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 2.50. Chelicerae with the same coloration of the cephalothorax, divergent, with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth (
Figs. 46
A
–C
). Ret 1 adjacent to the fang articulation (
Fig. 46B
). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.80, patella 0.35, tibia 1.92, metatarsus 1.72, tarsus 0.90, total 6.70; II: 1.72, 0.35, 1.77, 1.50, 0.80, 6.15; III: 1.15, 0.25, 0.77, 0.85, 0.47, 3.50; IV: 1.47, 0.25, 1.17, 1.07, 0.50, 4.47. DTS 0.18. DTE 0.67. Epiandrous fusules as in
Figure
49M
. Spinnerets as in
Figures
49I
–L
. Palp as in
Figures 47E–H
. Embolus tip S-shaped (
Figs. 47
A
, D
,
49F
), with projection beyond embolic opening (
Fig. 49H
).
FIGURE 46.
Glenognatha mendezi
new species
from Colombia (ICN 5982). A–C, male left chelicerae. A, anterior. B, posterior. C, mesal. D–F, female left chelicerae. D, anterior. E, posterior. F, mesal. Scale bars, 100 µm. CFO: Cheliceral fang outgrowth. Prt: promarginal tooth. Ret: retromarginal tooth.
Female (
paratype
ICN 5982)
. Coloration and general habitus as in male (
Figs. 45E–H
). Sternum dusky brown with darker edges. Venter with a lighter patch between the gonopore and the openings of the book lungs. Total length 2.27. Cephalothorax 0.95 long, 0.78 wide, 0.55 high. Abdomen 1.32 long, 1.15 wide, 1.20 high. Sternum 0.50 long, 0.52 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.06. ALE 0.05. PME 0.07. PLE 0.04. AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.1, PME-PLE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 2.08. Chelicerae with the same coloration of the cephalothorax, with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth (
Figs. 46D–F
). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.65, patella 0.35, tibia 1.77, metatarsus 1.50, tarsus 0.80, total 6.07; II: 1.50, 0.35, 1.77, 1.50, 0.80, 5.92; III: 1.00, 0.25, 0.77, 0.97, 0.47, 3.47]; IV: 1.45, 0.22, 1.20, 1.02, 0.47, 4.37. DTS 0.16. DTE 0.39. Tracheal system as in
Figures 48G–J
. Uterus externus with a median projection (
Figs. 48
A
, C
).
FIGURE 47.
Glenognatha mendezi
new species
from Colombia (ICN 5982). A–D, male left palp, schematic. A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E–H, male left palp. E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.
Variation.
Male total length 1.8-2.2 (
N
= 10; average 2.0), cephalothorax length 0.7-1.0 (
N
= 10; average 0.9), femur I length 1.3-2.0 (
N
= 10; average 1.6). Female total length 1.7-2.4 (
N
= 10; average 2.2), cephalothorax length 0.7-1.0 (
N
= 10; average 0.9), femur I length 1.2-1.6 (
N
= 10; average 1.4). Male specimens from
Costa
Rica
and
Nariño
state in
Colombia
have short and less divergent chelicerae.
FIGURE 48.
Glenognatha mendezi
new species
. A–F, female genitalia. A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral (arrow, median projection). D, membranous chamber (arrow, tendons). E, copulatory duct and spermathecae. F, spermathecae. G–J, female tracheal system. G, dorsal. H, median trunk distal. I, median and lateral trunks. J, tracheal spiracle, posterior view. Scale bars, 100 µm (A–D, G), 20 µm (H–J), 10 µm (E–F). CD: copulatory duct. LSD: long-stem ducts. LT: lateral trunk. MC: membranous chamber. MT: median trunk. S: spermathecae. TAG: tracheal atrium gland. UE: uterus externus.
FIGURE 49.
Glenognatha mendezi
new species
. A, male left palp ventral. B, paracymbium. C–E, conductor. C, ventral. D, dorsal. E, retrolateral. F–H, embolus. F, ventral (arrow, inner membrane). G, dorsoprolateral (arrow, inner membrane). H, distal. I–L, male spinnerets. I, ventral. J, ALS. K, PMS. L, PLS. M, epiandrous fusules. N, male tracheal spiracle. Scale bars, 100 µm (A–B), 20 µm (C–I) 10 (J–N). AC: aciniform gland spigots. AG: aggregate gland spigots. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. EMg: embolic medial groove. FL: flagelliform gland spigot. MAP: major ampullate gland spigot. mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot. P: paracymbium. PBP: paracymbium basal portion. PDP: paracymbium distal portion. T: tegulum. PI: piriform gland spigots.
Distribution.
Known from southwestern
Colombia
, northwestern
Ecuador
and
Costa
Rica
(
Fig. 132
).
Additional material examined (N = 81).
COSTA
RICA
:
Punta Arenas
/
Alajuelas
:
Monte Verde Biological Reserve
, [
10º18´25.36´´N
,
84º48´34.36´´W
], elev. [
1431m
],
2.ii.1979
,
J. Coddington
leg.,
5♂
(
MCZ 125511
)
;
Monteverde Cloud Forest
Reserve, [
10º18´N
,
84º48´W
], elev.
1580m
,
vii.1978
,
C. L. Craig
&
P. Klass
leg.,
1♂
(
MCZ 125510
).
San José
:
Rio
Hondura, 10º N, 84º´W, elev.
1200m
,
30.iii.1991
,
W. Eberhard
leg.,
3♂
(
MCZ 125522
)
;
iii.1986
,
W. Eberhard
leg.,
1♀
(
MCZ 125475
).
COLOMBIA
:
Nariño
: Barbacoas, Altaquer, Reserva Ñambi, [
1º15´N
,
78º7´W
], elev.
1450m
,
10.iv.2010
,
E. Flórez
y
Est. Tax. Animal UN
leg.,
2♂
2♀
(
ICN 4501
)
;
Ricaurte
, R. N.
La Planada
, [
1º34´10´´N
,
77º31´12´´W
], elev.
1850m
,
13.i.1992
,
C. Valderrama
leg.,
1♂
(
ICN 4519
)
;
Ricaurte
, R. N.
La Planada
, [
1º34´10´´N
,
77º31´12´´W
], elev.
1850m
,
23.i.1992
,
C. Valderrama
leg.,
Bosque
nublado, tela casi horizontal sobre hojas grandes a
130cm
del suelo, diámetro tela
7cm
,
2♀
(
ICN 4495
)
;
[
Ricaurte
],
La Planada
,
7km
S.
Chocones
, [
1º30´7.59´´N
,
77º31´27.98´´W
], elev.
1800m
,
vii.1986
,
W. Eberhard
leg.,
1♂
(
MCZ 125509
)
, 4♂ 4♀ 1 immature (MCZ 125508); 1♀ (MCZ 125507).
Valle del Cauca
: Cali, Bosque San Antonio,
3º37´N
,
76º34´W
, elev.
1800–2100m
,
ix.2009
,
J. Cabra
leg.,
1♂
(
ICN 5983
)
;
La Cumbre
,
Vereda Chicoral
,
3º34´N
,
76º35.6´W
, elev.
1800–2100m
,
ix.2009
,
J. Mendez
leg.,
4♂
4♀
3 immature (
ICN 5984
)
;
31.x.2009
, J. Mendez leg., 14♂ 22♀ 4 immature (ICN 5985);
ca.
El Saladito
, [
3º29´1.29´´N
,
76º36´52.32´´W
], elev.
1800m
,
1♂
(
MCZ 125506
).