A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands
Author
Hong-Wa, Cynthia
Missouri Botanical Garden P. O. Box 299 St. Louis MO 63166 - 0299 U. S. A & Claude E. Phillips Herbarium Delaware State University 1200 N. DuPont Hwy, Dover DE 19901 - 2277 U. S. A.
chwa@desu.edu
text
Boissiera
2016
2016-10-21
70
1
292
journal article
10.5281/zenodo.7599432
f2ceb54b-e71d-4433-9e67-b75b62f8a902
978-2-8277-0086-8
0373-2975
7599432
12.
Noronhia christenseniana
Hong-Wa, spec. nova (
Fig. 7A
,
8
).
Typus
:
MADAGASCAR
. Prov.
Antsiranana
:
DIANA
, Diégo
II
, Ramena, env.
2 km
à l’W d’Andavakoera, près de la grotte et du campement
la Casa Aventura
,
12°19’41’’S
49°20’26’’E
,
76 m
,
3.VIII.2007
,
Hong-Wa et al. 517
(holo-: MO-6615555!; iso-:
CNARP
!,
G
[
G00341618
]!,
K
!,
P
!,
TAN
!)
.
Diagnosis
Noronhia christenseniana
Hong-Wa can be distinguished from other members of the genus by its widely obovate to rhombic leaf blades, distinctly terminated by a long cusp and its diffuse inflorescences with red flowers.
Description
Shrubs
or trees to
10 m
tall, trunk to
15 cm
diameter; young twigs cylindrical,
0.7-1.2 mm
diameter, glabrous; bark medium gray, smooth.
Leaves
opposite, persistent; bud scales deciduous; blades medium green above, lighter below, broadly obovate to rhombic, 3.5-7.5
3
1.5-4.5 cm
, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia casual, base attenuate, margin flat to undulate, slightly revolute, apex cuspidate, the cusp
10-20 mm
long, midrib slightly sunken above, distinctly raised below, secondary veins conspicuous only below, 6-10 per side,
4-9 mm
apart, looping
1-3.2 mm
from the margin; petiole light gray, 4-6
3
0.6-1.3 mm
, entirely woody, glabrous.
Thyrses
solitary to geminate, pauciflorous, diffuse; peduncle
12-20 mm
long, glabrous; pedicel
4-8 mm
long, glabrous; calyx glabrous on both sides, lobes triangular, 1
3
1-2 mm
; corolla red, urceolate,
2.5-4 mm
long, glabrous on both sides, the tube
1.8-2 mm
long, lobes deltate, apex acute; corona present,
0.8-1.5 mm
long, slightly lobed; stamens
1.5-1.8 mm
long, anthers oblong,
1.2 mm
long; pistil
1.8-2 mm
long, stigma bilobed.
Fruiting
pedicel 8-18
3
0.5-1 mm
; young fruits green, purplish brown when mature, ovoid, 9-15.5
3
7.5-9 mm
, surface smooth, apex apiculate to rostellate, the rostellum flattened, truncate, with the persistent style; dry pericarp
0.4-0.8 mm
thick; endocarp crustaceous; seed 8-10
3
4-5.5 mm
.
Etymology
This name honors the founders of the Christensen Fund Graduate Fellowship Program in Plant Conservation, which provided me with support during my graduate studies at the University of Missouri-St. Louis, thus allowing me to carry out a comprehensive study of
Noronhia
.
Distribution, ecology and phenology
Noronhia christenseniana
occurs in low-elevation semi-deciduous forests in the north, from Montagne des Français to Ankarana (
Fig. 9
). It produces flowers and fruits from August to March.
Conservation status
Based on 18 collections representing 13 localities, the assessment resulted in an EOO of
4,069 km
2
, an AOO of
48 km
2
, and seven subpopulations representing six locations, of which three occurs within the network of protected areas (Ankarana, Loky-Manam-bato, and Montagne des Français).
Noronhia christenseniana
is narrowly distributed (although with an actual AOO that is likely larger than estimated here) in an area that is affected by deforestation, wood harvesting, charcoal production, and illegal and/or artisanal mining, resulting in habitat degradation and loss. It is therefore assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)].
66
Fig. 8.
Noronhia christenseniana
Hong-Wa.
Notes
Noronhia christenseniana
is in some ways similar to
N. clarinerva
Hong-Wa and
N. intermedia
Hong-Wa, but can be distinguished by its thyrsoid inflorescences (vs. fasciculate flowers), red corolla (vs. pinkish in
N. clarinerva
and pale green in
N. intermedia
) and crustaceous (vs. woody) endocarp. Distinctive features such as the widely obovate to rhombic leaf blades with a long cuspidate apex and diffuse inflorescences with red flowers make it easy to recognize
N. christenseniana
.
Paratypi
MADAGASCAR
.
Prov. Antsiranana
:
Mahamasina
,
Ankarana
RS,
12°56’56”S
49°07’39”E
,
22.III.2007
,
Bardot-Vaucoulon
&
Toly
1528
(
K
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Ramena
,
Andavakoera
,
12°19’57”S
49°21’19”E
,
172 m
,
4.VIII.2007
,
Hong-Wa et al
. 538
(
TAN
)
;
ibid. loc.
,
Hong-Wa et al.
539
(
TAN
)
;
Ankarana
RS, [
12°49’S
49°01’E
],
I.1969
,
Morat
3046
(
P
)
;
Daraina
, forêt
d’Antsaharaingy
,
12°54’52”S
49°39’25”E
,
75-660 m
,
3.III.2004
,
Nusbaumer
&
Ranirison
1533
(Daraina,
G
,
K
,
MO
,
P
)
;
Antafiankoroka
,
Montagne des Français
,
12°22’27”S
49°21’27”E
,
204 m
,
4.II.2005
,
Rabefarihy
46
(
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Ampitiliantsambo
,
Montagne des Français
,
12°22’55”S
49°23’05”E
,
359 m
,
25.I.2005
,
Randrianarivelo et al.
167
(
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Daraina
,
forêt de Binara
,
13°14’16”S
49°37’32”E
,
250 m
,
27.III.2004
,
Ranirison
500
(Daraina,
G
,
K
,
MO
,
P
,
TEF
)
;
ibid. loc.
, forêt
d’Antsaharaingy
,
12°54’34”S
49°39’57”E
,
90 m
,
18.IV.2004
,
Ranirison
691
(Daraina,
G
,
K
,
MO
,
TEF
)
;
Andrafiabe
,
Mont Andrahona
,
3 km
au NE
d’Andrafiabe
,
12°28’49”S
49°26’56”E
,
400 m
,
31.I.2005
,
Ratovoson et al.
830
(
CNARP
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Montagne des Français
, forêt
d’Antaolanaomby
,
12°22’25”S
49°21’11”E
,
385 m
,
22.III.2007
,
Ratovoson
1280
(
CNARP
,
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Mosorolava
,
Ampombiantambo
, forêt
d’Antsoroby
,
12°42’13”S
48°58’12”E
,
75 m
,
23.IX.2007
,
Ratovoson et al.
1331
(
CNARP
,
G
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Montagne des Français
,
Andavakoera
,
12°21’10”S
49°21’06”E
,
94 m
,
12.VIII.2004
,
Razafitsalama et al.
606
(
CNARP
,
MO
,
P
,
TAN
)
;
Ankarana
RS, [
12°49’S
49°01’E
],
8.VIII.1952
,
Service Forestier
5419
(
P
,
TEF
)
;
Montagne des Français
, [
12°22’S
49°21’E
],
7.VIII.1978
,
Service Forestier
29260
(
TEF
)
;
ibid. loc.
,
12.XI.1979
,
Service Forestier
29597
(
TEF
)
;
ibid. loc.
,
Service Forestier
29600
(
TEF
)
;
ibid. loc.
,
24.IX.1980
,
Service Forestier
29969
(
TEF
)
.