The Southeast Asian Pholcus halabala species group (Araneae, Pholcidae): new data from field observations and ultrastructure
Author
Berhard A. Huber
Author
Booppa Petchard
Author
Charles Leh Moi Ung
Author
Joseph K. H. Koh
Author
Amir R. M. Ghazali
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2016
190
1
55
http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/313
journal article
32674
10.5852/ejt.2016.190
3c438ae3-9ea0-4eda-b893-acf6d5756c90
831004
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BE92596B-62D9-46CD-8486-CF6B36C640B11
Pholcus kipungit
Huber
,
sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:374082FB-1878-493D-A8B6-CC148D8BB223
Figs 108–109
,
129–133
,
140–142
Diagnosis
Distinguished from similar species (other species in the
Ph. krabi
group) by morphology of male palps (
Figs 129–130
; long trochanter apophysis; distinctive shapes of simple round uncus and small appendix; procursus strongly bent dorsad, with distinctive prolatero-ventral pointed process and fringed membranous distal elements) and by unique median sclerite in internal female genitalia visible through cuticle (
Figs 132
,
140
).
Etymology
The species name is derived from the
type
locality; noun in apposition.
Type
material
MALAYSIA-BORNEO
:
holotype
,
♂
,
ZFMK
(
Ar 15042
),
Sabah
,
Mt
Kinabalu
, Poring Hot Springs, forest near beginning of
Kipungit
Trail
(
6.048° N
,
116.706° E
),
450 m
a.s.l.,
domed webs in vegetation
,
7 Aug. 2014
(
B.A. Huber
,
S.B. Huber
)
.
Other material examined
MALAYSIA-BORNEO
:
1 ♀
, together with holotype;
2 ♀♀
, in absolute ethanol,
ZFMK
(
Bor 205
), same data
;
1 ♂
,
RMNH
,
Sabah
,
Poring Hot Springs
(
6°03.467' N
,
116°42.205' E
),
9 Aug. 2009
(
A. Floren
)
;
1 ♂
,
2 juvs
,
RMNH
,
Poring Hot Springs
,
500 m
a.s.l.,
primary forest
,
2 May 1991
(
C.L. & P.R. Deeleman
)
;
1 ♀
,
ZFMK
(
Ar 15043
),
Sabah
,
Sepilok
,
Rainforest Discovery Centre, forest along Pitta Trail
(5.875–
5.878° N
, 117.937–
117.942° E
),
30 m
a.s.l.,
domed web among vegetation
,
9 Aug. 2014
(
B.A. Huber
,
S.B. Huber
)
;
3 ♀♀
, in absolute ethanol,
ZFMK
(
Bor 174
), same data
;
3 ♂♂
,
3 ♀♀
,
RMNH
(2 vials),
Sabah
,
Danum Valley
[
5.022° N
,
117.747° E
],
primary forest
,
6–16 May 1991
(
C.L. & P.R. Deeleman
)
.
Description
Male
(
holotype
)
MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 3.7, carapace width 0.9. Leg 1: 32.1 (7.5 + 0.4 + 7.4 + 14.3 + 2.5), tibia 2: 4.5, tibia 3: 2.5, tibia 4: 4.1; tibia 1 L/d: 84. Distance PME-PME 270 µm, diameter PME 95 µm, distance PME-ALE ~35 µm; AME absent.
COLOR. Carapace pale whitish to gray with pair of light brown marks, ocular area and clypeus not darkened; sternum whitish; palps orange; legs pale ochre-yellow with dark patellae and tibia-metatarsus joints; abdomen pale gray with some indistinct darker marks dorsally.
BODY. Habitus as in
Fig. 108
; ocular area slightly raised and each triad on low hump; carapace without median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum wider than long (0.60/0.50), unmodified.
CHELICERAE. As in
Fig. 131
, with small proximal processes and pair of rounded distal apophyses without modified hairs.
PALPS. As in
Figs 129–130
; coxa unmodified; trochanter with very long retrolatero-ventral apophysis with retrolateral process proximally; femur with small retrolatero-ventral process proximally; tibia large; procursus strongly bent dorsad, with distinctive prolatero-ventral pointed process and fringed membranous distal elements; bulb with strong proximal sclerite, with small uncus and small appendix, short weakly sclerotized embolus.
Figs 129–133.
Pholcus kipungit
Huber
,
sp. nov.
, ZFMK Ar 15042.
129–130
. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views.
131
. Male chelicerae, frontal view.
132–133
. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: a = appendix; b = genital bulb; e = embolus; p = procursus; tr = trochanter; u = uncus. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (131–133), 0.5 mm (129–130).
LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs; few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 3%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsus 1 with> 30 pseudosegments, only distally fairly distinct.
Female
In general similar to male (
Fig. 109
) but eye triads closer together (PME-PME distance: 195 µm), entire clypeus and ocular area frontally black; legs pale ochre, less yellowish. Tibia 1: 6.7, 6.9 (missing in other females). Epigynum weakly sclerotized almost flat plate with posterior ‘knob’, internal distinctive median sclerite visible through cuticle (
Figs 132
,
140–141
); internal genitalia as in
Figs 133
and
142
.
Natural history
Of the four webs seen at Poring, three had their apex connected to the underside of a leaf; the fourth (of the only male) was freely suspended among the twigs at about
1.5 m
above the ground.
Figs 134–142.
Female genitalia, untreated in ventral view, cleared in ventral and dorsal views.
134– 136
.
Pholcus krabi
Huber
,
sp. nov.
137–139
.
Ph. narathiwat
Huber
,
sp. nov.
140–142
.
Ph. kipungit
Huber
,
sp. nov.
Distribution
Known from two localities in
Sabah
(
Fig. 110
).