Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology Author Ramalho, Laís V. Author Taylor, Paul D. Author Moraes, Fernando Coreixas Author Moura, Rodrigo Author Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. Author Bastos, Alex C. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-09-20 4483 1 155 186 journal article 29515 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6 b9453839-5f43-4081-a642-f7bb30caf894 1175-5326 1437570 05A08470-9473-4147-B54B-AB0C90173572 Stylopoma hastata n. sp. ( Fig. 5C–E ) Stylopoma sp. 2: Reis et al ., 2016 : supplementary table; Bastos et al ., 2018 : table 1. Material examined. Abrolhos Bank , Bahia State, Brazil : Holotype : MNRJ-Bry1357, Parcel dos Abrolhos , 4 m depth, February 2014 , col. R. Moura , G. Amado-Filho & A . Bastos ; Paratype : MNRJ-Bry1367, Parcel dos Abrolhos , 15 m depth, February 2014 , col. R. Moura , G. Amado-Filho & A. Bastos. Etymology. From the Latin ' hastatus, -a, -um ', meaning 'spear-shaped, armed with a spear', used in reference to the shape of one of the interzooidal avicularia. Diagnosis. Stylopoma with almost circular orifice with U-shaped sinus and small, ball-shaped condyles; single or paired small triangular lateral oral avicularia; two types of large interzooidal avicularia: spear-shaped, usually positioned parallel to autozooids; and elongated, directed transversely to the growth axis of the colony. Description. Encrusting colonies, multilamellar ( Fig. 5C ). Autozooids rectangular, longer than wide (410– 508–580 µm long x 259–345–428 µm wide); frontal wall perforated by numerous small circular pores (54–67) inserted in depressions, slightly convex; circular to elongate areolar pores around the perimeter ( Fig. 5C ). Orifice wider than long (77–86–94 µm long x 99 –107–116 µm wide), displaced from the median axis of the zooid, with a thick and crenulate region without pores around the orifice, distal border smooth, proximal border with U-shaped sinus, and a pair of small ball-shaped condyles at the corners ( Fig. 5D ). Single or, rarely, a pair of small lateral oral avicularia (60–71–83 µm long), located proximally near the sinus or laterally to orifice, never terminally distal, directed distally and slightly laterally; rostrum triangular, almost equilateral, raised distally from the frontal shield, crossbar complete. Oral avicularium may be absent ( Fig. 5C, D ). Two different types of large vicarious avicularia ( Fig. 5C, E ): (1) avicularia oriented parallel to the autozooids or slightly inclined, directed distally, rostrum elongate (425–450–481 µm long), tip pointed or slightly rounded (lanceolate), crossbar complete (sometimes broken) ( Fig. 5C ); (2) avicularia oriented transversely to the autozooids on a salient chamber, larger than previous type (562–617–739 µm long), covering two or three autozooids, rostrum elongated and curved, tip rounded, crossbar complete ( Fig. 5C, E ). Ovicells not observed. Geographic distribution. Abrolhos Bank, Bahia State, Brazil ( Reis et al . 2016 ; Bastos et al . 2018 ; present study) and Espírito Santo State, Brazil (18°40’S, 38°28’W - MNRJ-Bry398, 7 May 1974 ). Remarks. The presence of two types of large interzooidal avicularia (lanceolate and elongate), plus a small triangular lateral oral avicularium and a circular orifice with U-shaped sinus and small ball-shape condyles, differentiates the new species from almost all other species of Stylopoma . The Abrolhos specimens are similar to Stylopoma s pongites ( Pallas, 1766 ) in having two types of large vicarious avicularia, but the avicularia differ in shape, one type having a spatulate rostrum and the other, larger avicularium on a raised cystid with a long and parallel-sided rostrum, terminally pointed and laterally directed, the orifice is as long as wide, the anter has a sparsely denticulate inner rim and the poster a slit-like deep sinus, condyles are smooth, deep and wide with distinct processes pointing medially. Two other species recorded from Brazil have small condyles in the orifice – S. aurantiacum Canu & Bassler, 1928a and S. carioca Winston et al ., 2014 – but in both species the umbo is raised at the centre of the zooid; the first species has no vicarious avicularia, and the second has an orifice longer than wide, and vicarious avicularia with spatulate mandibles.