Taxonomic revision of the seasonal South American killifish genus Simpsonichthys (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae).
Author
Wilson J. E. M. Costa
text
Zootaxa
2007
1669
1
134
http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F23FABE8-719E-4F7E-B225-A9C5D45CCFCE
journal article
z01669p001
Subgenus
Ophthalmolebias
Costa, 2006
Ophthalmolebias
Costa, 2006a: 16 (type species:
Simpsonichthys constanciae
(Myers); type by original designation).
Diagnosis
Distinguished from all other cynolebiatins by the following unambiguous synapomorphies (Costa, 2006a): a medial crest with a prominent ventral expansion on the autopalatine (vs. without ventral expansion when crest is present), eyes positioned laterally on head (vs. dorsolaterally), anterior and posterior sections of the supraorbital series of neuromasts separated by an interspace (vs. continuous), and anal fin pink in females (vs. hyaline). According to Fava & Toledo-Piza (2007),
Ophthalmolebias
may also be diagnosed by the presence of palm-like projections on the egg chorion surface, present in all species of the subgenus except
S. bokermanni
, which exhibits the unique presence of 1-3 filaments at the distal tip of the chorion projection.
Included species
Simpsonichthys constanciae
(Myers),
S. bokermanni
(de Carvalho & da Cruz),
S. perpendicularis
Costa, Nielsen & De Luca,
S. rosaceus
Costa, Nielsen & De Luca, and
S. suzarti
Costa.
Distribution
All species of
Ophthalmolebias
except
S. constanciae
are endemic to the area of eastern Brazil between rio Cachoeira and rio Pardo basins, Estado da Bahia, in a rain forest region.
Simpsonichthys constanciae
is endemic to the plains adjacent to the lower rio
Sao
Joao
, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a semi-arid coastal zone.
No
species of
Ophthalmolebias
is known to occur in the broad area between the rio Pardo and rio
Sao
Joao
basins (Fig. 4).
FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of species of the subgenus
Ophthalmolebias
: 1,
S. constanciae
, 2,
S. suzarti
, 3,
S. bokermanni
, 4,
S. perpendicularis
, 5,
S. rosaceus
; subgenus
Simpsonichthys
: 22,
S. punctulatus
; subgenus
Spectrolebias
: 6,
S. reticulatus
, 7,
S. semiocellatus
, 8,
S. chacoensis
, and subgenus
Hypsolebias
,
S. magnificus
group: 9,
S. hellneri
, 10,
S. adornatus
, 11,
S. fulminantis
, 12,
S. carlettoi
, 13,
S. magnificus
, 14,
S. picturatus
; and
S. flammeus
group: 15,
S. marginatus
, 16,
S. delucai
, 17,
S. alternatus
, 18,
S. fasciatus
, 19,
S. multiradiatus
, 20,
S. flammeus
, 21,
S. brunoi
.
Key to species of the subgenus
Ophthalmolebias
1a. No black spots on flank of males; dorsal and anal fins with short filamentous rays in males, tip not surpassing vertical through posterior margin of caudal fin; anal fin short, nearly rectangular; some dorsal and anal-fin rays branched; males with contact organs on flank scales and inner surface of upper pectoral-fin rays ......................................................................................................................... 2
1b. Four longitudinal rows of rounded black spots on male flank; dorsal and anal fins with long filamentous rays in males, tip posteriorly surpassing posterior margin of caudal fin; anal fin long, nearly triangular; all dorsal and anal-fin rays unbranched; contact organs of flank and pectoral fin absent ....... .......................................................................................................................................
S. constanciae
2a(1a). Anal-fin extremity rounded in males ................................................................................................... 3
2b(1a). Anal-fin extremity pointed in males ................................................................................................... 4
3a(2a). 22-23 caudal-fin rays; 3 + 11 gill-rakers on first branchial arch; 24-25 scales in longitudinal series;
reddish
brown bars alternating with bright greenish blue bars on whole male flank; oblique brown bars on male anal fin...............................................................................................................
S. suzarti
3b(2a). 25-27 caudal-fin rays; 4 + 14 gill-rakers on first branchial arch; 26-28 scales in longitudinal series; dark purplish brown bars on anterior part of flank, three horizontal purplish brown stripes on posterior part of flank in males; no bars on anal fin.........................................................
S. perpendicularis
4a(2b). Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of anal-fin rays 6-7; no bright dots on unpaired fins in males....................................................................................................................................
S. rosaceus
4b(2b). Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of anal-fin ray 8; white dots on dorsal fin and dorsal half of caudal fin in males.....................................................................................................
S. bokermanni