Taxonomic review of Epicadinus Simon, 1895 (Araneae: Thomisidae)
Author
Prado, André Wanderley Do
Author
Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira
Author
Machado, Miguel
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-08-15
4459
2
201
234
journal article
29028
10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.1
9b92322c-8063-439b-87f1-4c2b2d55742f
1175-5326
1458488
B545851E-6B10-4D3F-B17B-2643BED06EFA
Epicadus tuberculatus
(
Petrunkevitch, 1910
)
new combination
Fig. 14
Epicadinus tuberculatus
Petrunkevitch, 1910
: 216
, pl. 22, figs 20–22.
Tobias pustulosus
Mello-Leitão, 1929
: 86
, figs 183–184.
Machado
et al.
2015
: 570
, figs 12–24.
New synonymy.
Epicadus pustulosus
(Mello-Leitão)
.
Machado
et al.
2017
: 448
.
Type
material.
Holotype
of
Epicadinus tuberculatus
:
Female
immature,
BRASIL
,
São Paulo
:
Juquiá
,
Fazenda Poço Grande
,
Moenkhaus
(
PMNH
,
Coll. Mello-Leitão
901), lost.
Epicadinus tuberculatus
was based on a holotype female from Poço Grande (Fazenda Poço Grande, Juquiá, São Paulo, Brazil). The description and illustration of the holotype shows a specimen of large size (longer than
10 mm
) that lacks the diagnostic needle-shaped setae of
Epicadinus
, indicating that this species does not belong to the genus. The analysis of the photos of the holotype (
Figs 14A–D
), sent by the curator of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, allows us to recognize that the holotype is in fact an immature female with only the primordium of the epigynum. This species clearly belongs to a group of species that
Machado
et al.
(2017)
named “
pustulosus
clade”, which is composed of spiders with cryptic bark-dweller habitus due to its dark and rough tegument, and by the presence of large pustular setiferous tubercles in femora I and II (composed of
Epicadus caudatus
(Mello-
Leitão, 1929
),
Epicadus pustulosus
(
Mello-Leitão, 1929
)
and
Epicadus granulatus
Banks, 1909
).
Epicadus caudatus
, based on a female holotype from the city of Rio de Janeiro, has been recorded from the state of São Paulo (
Machado
et al
. 2015
,
Machado
et al
. 2018
).
Epicadus pustulosus
, based on an immature female holotype from Fonteboa, Amazonas state, northern Brazil, reaches south to the state of São Paulo (
Machado
et al
. 2015
,
Machado
et al
. 2018
). As stated in
Machado
et al
. (2015
,
2018
), the difference in color of the pustular setiferous tubercles on the femora I and II allows an easy differentiation between
Epicadus caudatus
(orange/reddish) and
Epicadus pustulosus
(yellowish). The large, yellowish setiferous tubercles in the femora I and II, and also the tarsi I and II lighter than most leg articles of the holotype indicate that
Epicadinus tuberculatus
Petrunkevitch, 1910
is a senior synonym of
Epicadus pustulosus
(
Mello-Leitão, 1929
)
syn. nov.
As Petrunkevich´s species has priority, the valid name is
Epicadus tuberculatus
(Petrunkevicth, 1910)
comb. nov.