Taxonomic revision of the Andean harvestman genus Rhaucus Simon, 1879 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cosmetidae)
Author
García, Andrés F.
Author
Kury, Adriano B.
text
Zootaxa
2017
2017-10-26
4338
3
401
440
journal article
31738
10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.1
8c5ead3e-f39f-46d7-a08a-5b1693d23df8
1175-5326
1036862
0D53EB9D-2D0B-4438-851B-A98563D16DCC
Rhaucus serripes
(
Simon, 1879
)
comb. rest.
(
Figs 1f
,
9–11
,
18c
,
23
)
Erginus serripes
Simon, 1879
: 204
.
Flirtea serripes
:
Roewer, 1912a
: 77
; 1923: 348, figs 396–397; 1927: 593;
Mello-Leitão, 1932
: 78
;
Kury, 2003
: 62
.
Rhaucus (Erginus) serripes
: Henriksen in Sørensen, 1932: 352
.
Metarhaucus fuscus
Pickard-Cambridge, 1905
: 572
;
Roewer, 1923
: 342
; 1927: 588;
Kury, 2003
: 70
.
New synonymy
Erginus fuscus
:
Roewer, 1912a
: 68
.
Metarhaucus reticulatus
Roewer, 1912b
: 145
, pl. 7, fig. 4; 1923: 343, fig. 387; 1927: 588; 1959: 80;
Forcart, 1961
: 51
;
Flórez & Sánchez, 1995
: 368
;
Kury, 2003
: 70
.
New synonymy
Erginus reticulatus
:
Roewer, 1912a
: 68
.
Rhaucus
(
Rhaucus
)
geographicus
Sørensen, 1932: 369
.
New synonymy
Flirtea geographica
:
Mello-Leitão, 1933
: 110
[by implication];
Kury, 2003
: 61
.
Flirtea paucimaculata
Roewer, 1963
: 58
, fig. 24;
Flórez & Sánchez, 1995
: 368
;
Kury, 2003
: 62
.
New synonymy Type material.
Holotype ♂ of
Erginus serripes
: MNHN, dry pinned, examined by photograph. Holotype ♂ of
Metarhaucus fuscus
: BMNH, examined by photograph. Types of
Metarhaucus reticulatus
: MHNN; SMF RI 299; ♂♀ syntypes, ERPC; 3♀ “paratypes” NHMB 63a, examined by photograph. Types of
Rhaucus geographicus
: 1♂ 3♀ syntypes, ZMUC, BMNH, examined by photograph. Types of
Flirtea paucimaculata
: holotype ♂, examined by photograph, 4♂ 3♀ paratypes SMF 12710; 1♂ 1♀ paratypes SMF 12716.
FIGURE 9.
Rhaucus serripes
(ICN-AO-1376). Habitus: a–d, male, a. Dorsal view, b. Ventral view, c. Frontal view, d. Lateral view. e. Female, lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 10.
Rhaucus serripes
(ICN-AO-1376). Male: a. Dorsal view, b. Lateral view, c. Tarsus I–IV, d. Leg III: dorsal, ventral and retrolateral view, e. Leg IV: dorsal, ventral and retrolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 11.
Rhaucus serripes
SEM (ICN-AO-1376). Male: a–c, pedipalp: a. Ectal view, b. Mesal view, c. Tarsus. d–f, chelicera: d. Basichelicerite, dorsal view, e. Dorso-ectal view, f. Fingers, ectal view. g–I, penis: g. Lateral view, h. Dorsal view, i. Ventral view.
Distribution and habitat.
COLOMBIA
,
Boyacá Department
: Arcabuco, Villa de Leyva.
Cundinamarca Department
:
Bogotá
, Cogua, La Calera, Sesquilé, Soacha, Subachoque, Villapinzón, Zipaquirá. Between 2630 and
3400 m
a.s.l., especially in Northern Andean páramo and Cordillera Oriental montane forests ecoregions (
Figs 23
,
24a–b
).
Diagnosis.
Differs from the other species of
Rhaucus
by having DS with
island-blots
pattern (
Figs 9a
,
10a
); DS profusely covered with granules, including tubercles of area III (
Fig. 10a
), contrasting with smoother tubercles in all other species of
Rhaucus
.
Redescription.
Male (ICN-AO-1376).
Measurements:
CL=2, CW=4.2, AL=4, AW=5.2, BaCh=0.5, FeL III=6, FeL IV=8, TiL III=4.2, TiL IV=4.6. Intraespecific variation of body and appendages measurements in
Table 1
.
Dorsum
(
Figs 1f
,
9
,
10a–b
,
18c
): Dorsal scutum
alpha
type
, very granulate (
Figs 9a
,
10a
), with blots that resemble islands and reach the sides of ocularium (
Figs 9a
,
10a
,
18c
). Abdominal scutum widest at level of groove II; areas I–IV granulate. Carapace with some granules on the anterior region (
Fig. 9a
). Ocularium low without median depression, armed with a cluster of granules (
Figs 9c–e
,
10a–b
). Lateral margins of DS with a few granules on the medial region (
Fig. 10a
). Mesotergum delimited, divided into four areas: area I with a pair of medium-sized paramedian tubercles; area II with a pair of small paramedian tubercles; area III with a pair of paramedian, domeshaped, coarsely granulated tubercles and another pair of medium-sized tubercles, laterally displaced; area IV with a pair of small paramedian tubercles (
Figs 9c
,
10a–b
). Posterior border of scutum sub-straight and with a row of tubercles. Free tergites I–III with a row of tubercles (
Figs 9a, 9d–e
,
10a–b
).
Venter
(
Fig. 9b
): Stigmatic area with a few granules. Stigmata large, oval and transverse. Coxa I with two parallel rows of tubercles increasing size distally and with an anterior smooth space for the pedipalps to rest; coxa II longer than coxa I, granulate; coxa III longer than I and II, granulate, with posterior margin sigmoid; coxa IV strongly backward, granulate. Genital operculum slightly granulate.
Pedipalps
(
Figs 11a–c
): Coxa dorsally and ventrally with one meso-distal granule. Trochanter with one dorsal short tubercle and two ventral tubercles fused at base (mesal taller); femur compressed, dorsally with a row of aligned setiferous tubercles of different sizes –not reaching the distal portion–, ventrally the same, tubercles just more separated between them. Patella distally depressed with dorsal granules; tibia depressed, spoon-shaped, dorsally granulate, with lateral borders tuberculate and some spiniferous tubercles at distal portion; inner surface slightly striated (
Fig. 11b
). Tarsus long, conical, with some dorsal granules and ventrally with two rows of thickened setae (
Fig. 11c
).
Chelicera
(
Figs 9
,
11d–f
): Chelicera swollen. Basichelicerite rectangular, with a few granules, the proximal border with a row of separated tubercles and the anterior border smooth, the ectal face with two large proximal joined tubercles and a group of four distal tubercles, the dorso-distal and the basal-distal ones larger than the others, the mesal face with some small granules (
Figs 11d–e
). Hand with one tubercle near the joint of the movable finger. Fixed finger with the inner surface finely grooved. Movable finger with one conical, sub-basal tooth and with the distal portion of the inner surface dentate (
Fig. 11f
).
Legs
(
Figs 9a–b
,
10c–e
): Coxae I–II dorsally with one posterior process; coxa III with one proximal retrolateral tubercle; coxa IV coarsely granulate, with a prominent anterolateral
clavi inguines
and with a posterolateral multicapitate apophysis (
Fig. 9a
). Trochanter I–II dorsally with some minute granules and ventrally with some tubercles; trochanter III with some dorsal and ventral granules (
Fig. 10d
); trochanter IV more granulate than III, with one proximal tubercle and a row of ventral tubercles in retrolateral view (
Fig. 10e
). Femora I–IV sub-straight, very granular; III–IV dorsally granulate (IV more granular than III) and ventrally with two longitudinal rows of triangular tubercles all along its length and one prolateral and one retrolateral row of tubercles, increasing in size distally: in femur III the last one tubercle thinner and in femur IV, the two last tubercles close together (
Figs 10d– e
). Patellae I–IV dorsally very granulate, curved; patellae III–IV with the distal border coarsely granular, ventrally densely granulate and with two large tubercles on the retrolateral-ventral side. Tibiae I–IV granulate; tibiae III–IV strongly curved, with two longitudinal rows of tubercles –of different sizes– very close together in all the length (in tibia IV the distal tubercle is fused and the prolateral row of tubercles almost joins the ventral row) (
Figs 10d–e
). Metatarsus I–IV with one ventrodistal seta. Tarsi I–II with one smooth claw; tarsi III–IV with 2 subparallel smooth claws and a tarsal process (
Fig. 10c
). Tarsal counts: 6(3)–6(3)/13(3)–15(3)/9–9/11–11. Intraspecific variations in Table 2.
Color
(in ethanol): Carapace
Strong Reddish Brown
(40), reticulated on the ocularium. Areas I–IV
Dark Reddish Brown
(44). Blots in carapace
Brilliant Greenish Yellow
(98). Pedipalps, coxae I–IV, free tergites and chelicera
Strong Reddish Brow
n (40). Trochanters I–IV and legs I–III
Strong Yellowish Brown
(74). Legs IV
Strong Reddish Brown
(40).
Male genitalia
(
Figs 11f–h
): VP of penis subrectangular with very concave distal border; VP with two lateral, elongated, dense patches of
type
4 microsetae and a longitudinal gap in between (
Fig. 11h
). VP with two apical MS C curved and laterally inserted; two MS D, the most distal large and straight, following the same lateral row as MS C; the other (D2) smaller, inserted dorso-laterally on the middle third of VP; two MS A straight and laterally inserted, near D2 (
Fig.
11g
); two small MS E volcano-shaped on the ventral face, close together; one small MS B volcano-shaped inserted laterally at the base of the VP (
Fig. 11h
). Glans mostly smooth; stylus long, tip surface tuft-shaped, fin-like process (
Fig. 11f
).
Female.
Similar to male, but differs by having carapace at areas I–IV level more globose; anterior part of carapace narrower and coda divergent; tubercles of area III taller; legs III–IV thinner; tubercles in ventral rows of legs III–IV smaller; chelicerae are not hyperthelic in females (
Figs 9d–e
).
Other material examined.
60 specimens
(
31 males
,
28 females
,
1 juv.
) in 25 lots.
COLOMBIA
:
Boyacá Department
:
Villa de Leyva
,
1♂
3♀
(ICN-AO-262),
S.F.F. Iguaque
sector
Carrizal
[
05°41'N
73°27'W
],
2800 m
,
31.xii.2004
,
E. Flórez
,
G. Giribet
&
M. Porras
leg.
;
3♂
2♀
(ICN-AO-298),
S.F.F. Iguaque
sector
Carrizal
[
05°41'N
73°27'W
],
2900 m
,
9.vi.2001
,
E. Flórez
leg.
;
3♂
1♀
(ICN-AO-1376), S.F.F.
Iguaque
[
5.720016N
-
73,457901W
],
2800 m
,
22.ix.2013
,
A. García
&
S. Galvis
leg.
;
1♂
(IAvH-3000018/IAvH-I-4), S.F.F.
Iguaque
, lagoon shore [
05°38'N
73°29'W
],
3450 m
,
13.ix.1998
,
E. González
leg.
;
1♀
(IAvH-3000073/IAvH-I-3), S.F.F.
Iguaque
,
Cabaña Carrizal
[
05°25'N
73°27'W
],
2850 m
,
22–24.iv.2001
,
P. Reina
leg.
;
1♂
(IAvH-3000006/IAvH-I-11), S.F.F.
Iguaque
, lagoon shore [
05°38'N
73°29'W
],
3340 m
,
14.x.1998
,
S. Sierra
leg.
; 4♂ 2♀ (MNRJ 19377), S.F.F. Iguaque [05°42'N 73°27'W],
2941 m
, A. García & A.B. Kury leg.; Arcabuco,
1♀
(IAvH-3000020/IAvH-I-105), close to
El Cometa
[
05°44'N
73°29'W
],
3000 m
,
iv.1998
, D
.
Dávila
&
E. González
leg.
Cundinamarca Department
:
La Calera
,
1♀
(ICN-AO-85) [
4°43'N
73°58'W
],
2900 m
,
25.v.1978
;
1♂
1♀
(ICN-AO-94),
Bosque El Granizo
,
3200 m
,
3.iii.1991
,
O. Muñoz
&
K. Estupiñan
leg.
;
1♀
(ICN-AO-480),
Finca La Esperanza
[
4°42'N
73°57'W
],
29.x.2005
,
M. Romero
leg.
;
1♂
(ICN-AO-1009), vía a
Mundo Nuevo
[4°38'4N
73°54'W
],
2850 m
,
17.x.2000
,
E. Flórez
leg.
;
1♂
(ICN-AO-293), P.N.N.
Chingaza
,
3400 m
,
20.vii.1987
;
1♀
(ICN-AO-426),
P.N.N. Chingaza
,
Valle
de los
Frailejones
[04°62'N 73°72'W],
24.iii.2003
,
J. Cepeda
leg.;
Zipaquirá
, 2♀ (ICN-AO-215), Vereda Ventalarga, Represa Pantanoredondo [5°2'N 74°2'W],
3000 m
,
27.iv.2003
, E.
Flórez
& UN-Octapodos group leg.;
Sesquilé
,
1♀
(ICN-AO-239),
Cerro Las Tres Viejas
[
5°1'N
73°47'W
],
3250 m
,
28.i.2001
,
J. Betancur
leg.;
Subachoque
,
1♂
(ICN-AO-400),
Vereda El Tobal
,
Finca El Cerro
[
4°55'N
74°12'W
],
2900 m
,
28.vii.2002
, F
.
Gomez
leg.;
Villapinzón
,
1♂
(ICN-AO-440),
Páramo de Guacheneque
, camino al
Pozo
del
Oso
[
05°10'N
73°33'W
],
7.iv.2012
;
Sibaté
,
1♀
(ICN-AO-486),
San Miguel
, antes del
Alto
del
Cuchuco
[
4°26'N
74°17'W
],
2630 m
,
1.xii.1979
, UN biology students leg.;
Bogotá
,
1♂
1♀
(ICN-AO-1039), vía a la
Vírgen de la Peña
[
4°34'N
74°3'W
],
2700 m
,
12.v.2012
,
M. Medrano
&
A. Garcia
leg.
;
2♂
3♀
(ICN-AO-995),
Club Campestre
,
22.vi.1997
, F
.
López
leg.;
1♂
1♀
(
MNRJ 8711
),
Páramo de Cruz Verde
,
4.x.1992
, D
. Vera leg.; 1♂ 1♀ (MNRJ 00175)[
Meterginus uniformis
M-L
in schedula
]; Cogua,
2♂
3♀
(ICN-AO-1212),
Parque Forestal Embalse
del
Neusa
[5.141987, -73.962285],
3100 m
,
3.xi.2013
,
C. Perafán
&
D. Martínez
leg.;
Soacha
,
1♂
(ICN-AO-1440),
Bogotá-Silvania
road, near
Chusacá
[
4°32'N
74°16'W
],
1.xii.1979
, G group leg.