Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Peltecanthon) Pereira, 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)
Author
Nunes, Luis Gabriel de O. A.
BBCA47BF-00F1-4967-8153-DC91FAE5A0E5
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, 78060 - 900, Brazil.
luis.gabriel.bio@gmail.com
Author
Nunes, Rafael V.
9ED1789C-F1B2-499F-87B2-87B70FA9A2F3&2FF2B7D6-1A6B-43C1-9966-A1A949FB2B05
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, 78060 - 900, Brazil. & Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, 78060 - 900, Brazil.
rafavnunes@gmail.com&vazdemello@gmail.com
Author
Vaz-De, Fernando Z.
2FF2B7D6-1A6B-43C1-9966-A1A949FB2B05
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, 78060 - 900, Brazil
vazdemello@gmail.com
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2020
2020-01-17
594
1
27
journal article
10.5852/ejt.2020.594
dc28910f-3259-459f-8ccd-bac35d2720d0
2118-9773
3659753
53DE5999-628D-47F5-9973-67CC54D06BC6
Canthon
(
Peltecanthon
)
haroldi
nom. nov.
Figs 3–4
Canthon prasinus
Harold, 1867: 78
.
Peltecanthon sulcatus
–
Pereira 1953: 399
Canthon prasinus
–
Harold 1868: 14
, 77 (species list); 1869: 992 (catalogue); 1875: 59 (catalogue) —
Gillet 1911: 32
(catalogue) —
Schmidt 1920: 125
(species list, first time as a synonym).
Canthon sulcatus
[error] —
Castelnau, 1840: 69
(catalogue) —
Gillet 1911:34
(catalogue) —
Schmidt 1920: 125
(species list); 1922: 69, 81 (key) —
Balthasar 1939: 203
(key).
Canthon prasinum
–
Blackwelder 1944: 201
(catalogue).
Canthon sulcatum
[error] –
Blackwelder 1944: 202
(catalogue).
Peltecanthon sulcatus
[error] –
Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 574
(catalogue) —
Halffter & Martínez 1967: 80
(monograph).
Canton
(
Peltecanthon
)
sulcatus
[error] –
Halffter & Martínez 1977: 75
.
Canton
(
Peltecanthon
)
sulcatum
[error] –
Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 191
(species list) — Cupello & Vaz-de- Mello 2018: 46 —
Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018a: 46
.
Diagnosis
In the subgenus,
Canthon haroldi
can be separated by the following combination of characters. Elytra and pronotum dorsally green with shades of yellow and red (
Fig. 3A
). Metafemora with sulcus extending from the base and up to ⅓ of the total femur length (
Fig. 3B
). Hypomere with no carina between the anterior and posterior portion (
Fig. 3C
). Propygidium with uniform line between pygidium and propygidium, without any central carina (
Fig. 3D
). Parameres flattened in lateral view (
Fig. 4A
); slightly sinuous apex never strongly sinuous or truncated, with a slight depression near the upper angle; rounded upper angle; lower angle slightly less than 90°. In dorsal view (
Fig. 4B
): membranous portion separates the parameres, wider in the central region and narrower at the base and apex. Internal sac (
Fig. 4
C–D) with the peripheral fronto-lateral sclerite (FLP) involving the axial sclerite (A), with the two structures forming a complex with a central duct, wider at the base, becoming abruptly tapered toward the apex; subaxial sclerite (SA) absent; peripheral medial sclerite (MP) lateral in relation to FLP + A, this with the sharper part passing within a semiduct formed by MP; MP with a central appendage at the inner margin (
Fig. 4C
); superior right peripheral sclerite (SRP) circular and with lateral prolongation.
Material examined
Types
BRAZIL
•
♂
,
lectotype
of
Canthon prasinus
Harold, 1867
, here designated; 1 (white label) “
prasinus Har
” / 2 (white label) “
Bahia
” / 3 (white label) “
Ex-Museo E. Harold
” / 4 (red label) “Type” / 5 (white label with black margins) “
Peltecanthon sulcatus (Castelnau)
,
det.
G. Halffter
,
67
”
/
6 (green label) “Museum París, ex
Coll. R. Oberthur
” / 7 (red label, black border) “
LECTOTYPE
Canthon prasinus
Harold
, des.
F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello
,
2014
(
MNHN
)”
.
Other material
(304 specs)
BRAZIL
–
Alagoas
•
1 ♂
;
Rio Largo
;
16 Sep. 2011
; A.
M. Melo
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
;
Rio Largo
;
16 Mar. 2012
;
R.C. Nascimento
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
;
Rio Largo
;
15 Mar. 2013
;
M.B. Junior
leg.;
CEMT
. –
Bahia
•
1 ♂
;
Nilo Peçanha
,
Mata do Jatimane
; UTM24L0495129/8486655 [
39º02′42″ W
,
13º41′21″ S
],
10 Feb. 2015
;
G.R.G. Sila
et al.
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
,
2 ♀♀
;
Costa do Sauípe
;
14 Nov. 2004
;
I. Castro
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
;
Ituberá
;
1 Jul. 2003
;
I. Castro
leg.;
CEMT
•
4 ♂♂
,
1 ♀
;
Piraí do Norte
;
39º22′54″ W
,
13º52′55″ S
;
18 Feb. 2016
;
P.P. Lopes
leg.;
pitfall
human faeces;
CEMT
•
6 ♂♂
,
3 ♀♀
;
Ibirapitanga
,
Mata do Ppuã
; UTM24L0450355/8462777 [
39º27′34″ W
,
13º54′17″ S
];
14 Nov. 2014
;
G.R.G. Sila
et al.
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 spec.
;
Rio Una
;
Oct. 1937
;
CEAH
•
1 spec.
;
Rio Una
;
23 Oct. 1937
;
Zellibor-Hauff
leg.;
CEAH
•
1 ♀
;
Simões Filho
, CIA
Reserva
;
17 Feb. 1987
;
D.H. Smith
leg.;
CEMT
•
3 ♂♂
;
Igrapiuna
,
Vila
5;
39º10′13″ W
,
13º48′8″ S
;
19 May 2010
;
R. Carvalho
leg.;
CEMT
•
2 ♀♀
;
Santa Cruz de Cabrália
;
39º01′20″ W
,
16º19′21″ S
;
Jan. 2007
;
L Veira
leg.;
CEMT
•
3 ♂♂
;
Porto Seguro
, RPPN
Veracel
;
Nov. 2004
;
J.C.N. Louzada
leg.;
pitfall
human faeces;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
; same collection data as for preceding;
Feb. 2006
;
F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello
leg.;
pitfall
human faeces;
CEMT
•
7 ♀♀
;
Eunápolis
, RPPN
Veracel
;
Feb. 2006
;
F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello
leg.;
CEMT
•
2 ♀♀
;
Reserva do Maraú
;
26 Jun. 2017
; A.
C.Amorim
and
Laboratório de Biodiversidade
e
Genética
de Insetos leg.;
CEMT
. –
Minas Gerais
•
1 ♂
;
Viçosa
;
11 Jul. 1994
;
Almeida
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
; P.E. do
Rio Doce
;
Oct. 1991
;
J.C.N. Louzada
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
; P.E. do
Rio Doce
;
Feb. 1992
;
J.C.N. Louzada
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
,
2 ♀♀
; P.E. do
Rio Doce
;
11 Oct. 1992
;
J. Louzada
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
;
Marliéria, P.E.
do
Rio Doce
;
14 Sep. 2001
;
S.S.P. Almeida
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
;
Marliéria, P.E.
do
Rio Doce
;
22 Sep. 2000
;
J.P. Soares
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
,
3 ♀♀
;
Leopoldina, Recreio
;
Dec. 1999
;
C. Lopes Andrade
leg.;
CEMT
•
2 ♂♂
;
Leopoldina
;
Dec. 1999
;
CEMT
•
2 ♂♂
,
2 ♀♀
,
Recreio
;
Jan. 2000
;
Lopes-Andrade
and
Vaz
de Mello leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
; same collection data as for preceding;
C. Lopes
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
; PFERD;
9 Feb. 1993
;
R.G. Collevatti
leg.;
CEMT
. –
Espírito Santo
•
1 ♂
;
Vitoria
;
25 Mar. 1986
;
R.P. Moure
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
;
Jacaranema
, B.
Jucu
;
Apr. 1985
; A.
P. Aguiar
leg.; restinga;
CEMT
•
2 ♂♂
;
Linhares
,
Faz. Lagoa do Macuco
;
10 m
a.s.l.
;
39º58′43″ W
,
19º3′50″ S
;
27 Jan. 2000
;
F. Génier
and
S. Ide
leg.; prim. lowland
Atlantic
for., sandy ex. dung tp 4, day 1, FG
2000-40
;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
,
1 ♀
;
Regência
,
Reserva Biológica de Comboios
;
39º53′5″ W
,
19º39′57″ S
;
Jan. 2007
;
L. Vieira
;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
;
Matataízes
;
Jan. 2007
;
L Vieira
leg.;
CEMT
. –
Espírito Santo
,
Linhares
,
Reserva Natural Vale
•
22 ♂♂
,
13 ♀♀
;
39º55′34″ W
,
19º10′9″ S
;
13 May 2016
;
F. Cassar
leg.; PPBio;
pitfall
human faeces, PT50, PT150 and PT200 F1500;
CEMT
•
12 ♂♂
,
11 ♀♀
;
39º54′59″ W
,
19º10′7″ S
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT0, PT50 and PT100 F500;
CEMT
•
23 ♂♂
,
11 ♀♀
;
39º56′43″ W
,
19º10′10″ S
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT0, PT50 and PT150 F3500;
CEMT
•
12 ♂♂
,
8 ♀♀
;
39º56′8″ W
,
19º10′10″ S
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT0, PT50, PT100 and PT200 F2500;
CEMT
•
21 ♂♂
,
11 ♀♀
;
39º57′18″ W
,
19º10′11″ S
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT0, PT50, PT100 and PT150 F4500;
CEMT
•
2 ♂♂
,
3 ♀♀
;
40º01′35″ W
,
19º8′48″ S
;
25 Jul. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces; PT50, PT200, O2500;
CEMT
•
11 ♂♂
,
3 ♀♀
;
39º57′52″ W
,
19º6′18″ S
;
25 Jul. 2016
; PT0, PT150,
I2500
;
CEMT
•
5 ♂♂
,
5 ♀♀
;
39º57′18″ W
,
19º10′11″ S
;
25 Jul. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT50, PT200 and PT250 I4500;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
;
40º2′9″ W
,
19º8′49″ S
;
25 Jul. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT100, O3500;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
;
39º57′17″ W
,
19º6′19″ S
;
25 Jul. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT0, I3500;
CEMT
•
3 ♂♂
,
3 ♀♀
;
39º58′52″ W
,
19º6′17″ S
;
10 Apr. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT100, PT200, I500;
CEMT
•
1 ♀
;
39º58′27″ W
,
19º6′18″S
;
10 Apr. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT250,
I1500
;
CEMT
•
3 ♀♀
; same collection data as for preceding;
pitfall
human faeces, PT100, PT250,
I1500
;
CEMT
•
18 ♂♂
,
5 ♀♀
;
39º57′40″ W
,
19º13′38″ S
;
6 Apr. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT0, PT50, PT100, PT150, PT200 and PT250 B1950;
CEMT
•
3 ♂♂
,
1 ♀
;
40º1′1″ W
,
19º8′45″ S
;
25 Jul. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT0, PT100, PT150 and PT200 O1500;
CEMT
•
3 ♂♂
,
1 ♀
;
39º57′42″ W
,
19º13′5″ S
;
22 Jul. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT100, PT150 and PT250 B2950;
CEMT
•
3 ♂♂
,
2 ♀♀
;
39º57′39″ W
,
19º14′10″ S
;
6 Apr. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT100 B950;
CEMT
•
4 ♂♂
,
3 ♀♀
;
40º0′27″ W
,
19º8′44″ S
;
16 Apr. 2016
;
pitfall
human faeces, PT0 and PT150 O500;
CEMT
•
2 ♂♂
;
Linhares
;
40º5′8″ W
,
19º17′45″ S
;
14 Oct. 2012
;
R.C. Lima
leg.;
CEMT
–
Rio de Janeiro
•
1 ♂
;
Campos dos Goytacazes
,
Fazenda Babilônia
;
20 Apr. 2008
;
J.S. Multani
leg.;
CEMT
•
1 ♂
; no collecting data;
CEMT
.
Fig. 3.
Canthon
(
Peltecanthon
)
haroldi
Harold, 1867
nom. nov.
A–E
. Male, Porto Seguro, RPPN Veracel (CEMT).
A
. Dorsal habitus.
B
. Ventral surface of meso- and metafemora.
C
. Hypomeron without transverse carina.
D
. Margin between pygidium and propygidium without central carina.
E
. Male protibial spur.
F
. Female protibial spur, Marliéria, P.E. do Rio Doce (CEMT).
Fig. 4.
Canthon
(
Peltecanthon
)
haroldi
Harold, 1867
nom. nov.
, ♂, Bahia, Igrapiuna (CEMT).
A
. Parameres lateral view.
B
. Parameres dorsal view.
C
. Internal sac ventral view.
D
. Internal sac dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
Remarks
This species has a complex and confusing nomenclatural history. The name
Canthon prasinus
was first established by
Klug (1833)
for a new species from
Madagascar
. However, Klug’s species was not described in a suitable genus since
Canthon
is entirely Neotropical in occurrence. Four years later,
Dejean (1836)
transferred that species to his new genus
Epilissus
, of which
Reiche (1841)
subsequently designated it as the
type
species.
More than three decades after Reiche’s work,
Harold (1867a)
established a primary junior homonym
C. prasinus
for a Brazilian species that, according to
Harold (1868)
, had been misidentified as
Canthon sulcatus
Perty, 1830
by
Castelnau (1840)
; Perty’s actual species, in fact, belonged to
Canthidium
Erichson, 1847
, where it had already been transferred by
Harold (1867b)
and still remains (Cupello 2018). In his 1869 catalogue of the world
Scarabaeinae,
Harold (1869: 992)
maintained that stance by including ‘
C. sulcatus
Castelnau’ as a junior synonym of
C. prasinus
Harold.
Harold (1875)
used
C. prasinus
as valid again in his list of the dung beetles of the municipality of Cantagalo,
Rio de Janeiro state
,
Brazil
.
Gillet (1911)
listed
Canthon prasinus
Harold
and ‘
Canthon sulcatus
Castelnau’ as valid species; however, in the same work, he also considered the two names as synonyms.
In most of the ‘recent’ literature, only one author followed Gillet’s view (
Blackwelder 1944
), while many others followed Schmidt’s (
Balthasar 1939
;
Pereira 1953
;
Vulcano & Pereira 1964
), but all those authors were wrong. This included the descriptive work of the new South American genus
Peltecanthon
(
Pereira 1953
)
.
Applying Article 23.9.5 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, there are arguments that both names can be preserved, since they have not been considered congeneric after 1899. However, to invoke that Article, we would have to consider that
C. prasinus
is currently in use, which is not the case, or that
C. sulcatus
was first published by Schmidt, not Castelnau (which is also not the case). Considering this context, we propose
Canthon haroldi
as a new replacement name, in homage to Edgar Von Harold, who made the most correct evaluation regarding the application of those names, and was misinterpreted by subsequent authors.
Distribution
Atlantic Forest in the Brazilian coast, in the states of
Bahia
,
Espírito Santo
,
Minas Gerais
and
Rio de Janeiro
(
Fig. 10
).