Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Neotropical region, with description of eleven new species
Author
Triapitsyn, Serguei V.
Author
Huber, John T.
Author
Logarzo, Guillermo A.
Author
Berezovskiy, Vladimir V.
Author
Aquino, Daniel A.
text
Zootaxa
2010
2010-05-14
2456
1
243
journal article
32054
10.5281/zenodo.894928
77799ae7-9459-43e9-af68-c88aa98852a5
1175-5326
894928
Gonatocerus
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
triguttatus
Girault, 1916
(
Figs 472–478
)
Gonatocerus triguttatus
Girault 1916
: 297
–298. Lectotype female [USNM] (examined), designated by
Huber 1988
: 55
. Type locality: Caroni, Trinidad Island, Trinidad and Tobago.
Gonatocerus triguttus
[sic] Girault:
Burks 1979
: 1026
.
Gonatocerus
(
Gonatocerus
)
triguttatus triguttatus
Girault
:
De Santis 1979
: 367
(catalog).
Gonatocerus triguttatus
Girault
:
Huber 1988
: 55
–57 (
lectotype
designation, redescription, diagnosis, distribution);
Yoshimoto 1990
: 41
(list,
ater
species group);
De Santis & Fidalgo 1994
: 125
(catalog);
Triapitsyn & Phillips 2000
: 201
–202 (distribution, first known host record);
Triapitsyn, Bezark
et al.
2002
: 40
(distribution, host associations); Triapitsyn, Hoddle
et al.
2002: 654 (distribution, host associations);
Logarzo
et al.
2004
: 486
(distribution, host associations); Irvin & Hoddle 2004: 504–509 (biology);
Irvin & Hoddle 2005a
: 391
–399 (biology);
Irvin & Hoddle 2005b
: 204
–213 (biology); de
León
2005: 298–300 (molecular data on specimens from
Texas
,
USA
); Triapitsyn
et al.
2006: 63 (molecular data); Triapitsyn 2006a: 22–24 (taxonomic history, diagnosis, distribution, host associations);
Irvin
et al.
2006
: 359
–373 (larval morphology, competition studies); de
León
et al.
2006a
: 42
(molecular data); de
León
et al.
2006d
: 54
(molecular data); de
León
et al.
2006e: 57–58 (molecular data); de
León
& Morgan 2006: 61 (molecular data);
Pilkington & Hoddle 2007a
: 1
–7 (biology);
Pilkington & Hoddle 2007b
: 9
–14 (predictions on performance as biological control agent); de
León
& Morgan 2007
: 83
(molecular data); de
León
et al.
2008: 99, 104–105 (molecular data).
FIGURES 472–475.
Gonatocerus
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
triguttatus
♀ (from colony of Tamaulipas, Mexico, origin – California Department of Food and Agriculture Mt. Rubidoux Field Station, Riverside, California, USA): 472, antenna; 473, dorsellum, propodeum, and petiole; 474, mesosoma and metasoma; 475, forewing.
Material
examined.
MEXICO
.
BAJA
CALIFORNIA
SUR
,
10 km
N of La Paz
,
28.x.1983
,
J.D. Pinto
[
1 ♀
,
BMNH
]
.
YUCATÁN
,
Uxmal
,
28.vii.1984
,
G. Gordh
[
1 ♀
,
UCRC
]
.
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
.
Trinidad Island
,
Mitan
,
i.1915
,
F.W. Urich
(“
Bred
from egg-mass of
leafhopper
”) [
5 ♀
,
BMNH
]
.
Redescription.
See
Huber (1988)
.
Diagnosis.
Gonatocerus
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
triguttatus
is a member of the
ater
subgroup of the
ater
species group. Its main distinguishing features are as follows: head and mesosoma of female generally yellow, gaster light yellow with brown bands on terga (
Fig. 474
); mesonotum of male slightly darker, with light brown or brown areas; female antenna (
Fig. 472
) with mps present on all funicle segments; propodeum (
Fig. 473
) with submedian carinae thick, distinct, extending to its anterior margin; wings hyaline, forewing (
Figs 475
,
477
) with cubital row of setae complete, extending to base of marginal vein. Also illustrated here are the male antenna (
Fig. 476
) and genitalia (
Fig. 478
).
Gonatocerus triguttatus
is closely related to
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
uat
Triapitsyn
and
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
ashmeadi
Girault
(see cladogram in Triapitsyn
et al.
2006), both of which have a dark brown mesosoma in both sexes; it differs genetically from another closely related and morphologically very similar South American species
G.
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
metanotalis
(Ogloblin)
(de
León
2005; de
León
et al.
2006e), from which it can be separated by the presence of at least 1 (usually 2) mps on F1 of the female antenna (none in
G. metanotalis
).
FIGURES 476–478.
Gonatocerus
(
Cosmocomoidea
)
triguttatus
♂ (from colony of Tamaulipas, Mexico, origin – California Department of Food and Agriculture Mt. Rubidoux Field Station, Riverside, California, USA): 476, antenna; 477, forewing; 478, genitalia.
Distribution.
NEOTROPICAL:
Ecuador
,
Mexico
,
Nicaragua
,
Peru
, and
Trinidad and
Tobago
(Triapitsyn 2006a). NEARCTIC:
Mexico
, and
USA
(
California
,
Florida
,
Texas
) (Triapitsyn 2006a).
Introduced into
California
against
Homalodisca vitripennis
(Germar)
, initially from
Tamaulipas
,
Mexico
, and then from
Texas
and established there (
Morgan
et al.
2000
; Morgan
et al.
2002;
Triapitsyn, Bezark
et al.
2002
;
Pilkington
et al.
2005
; Triapitsyn 2006a).
Hosts.
Homalodisca liturata
Ball
(under laboratory conditions and also likely in the field following introduction into southern
California
),
H. vitripennis
(Germar)
,
Oncometopia clarior
(
Walker
)
,
O. nigricans
(
Walker
)
,
Oncometopia
sp., and
Pseudometopia amblardii
(Signoret)
or
P. phalaesia
(Distant) (Cicadellidae)
(Triapitsyn 2006a).