Revision of the subgenus Niphetoscapha Heller of Gymnopholus Heller (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Entiminae, Eupholini) and a new species with epizoic symbiosis from West New Guinea Author Riedel, Alexander Author Kilmaskossu, Agust text Zootaxa 2017 4254 3 339 356 journal article 33209 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.3.3 5f00a3f5-ecce-427f-b83e-4756bab5f231 1175-5326 546827 88F93D05-41AD-4726-A16C-76CDE023B505 Gymnopholus ( Niphetoscapha ) inexspectatus Riedel sp. n. ( Figs. 5–6 , 11 , 15 , 20 , 23 , 26, 28, 29, 32–33, 36 , 40, 41) Diagnosis . Elytron and pronotum with irregular rough sculpture composed of wrinkles, pits and tubercles; densely covered with scales and setae; partly with greenish to brownish encrustations. Description. Holotype , male ( Fig. 5 ). Length. Total length 23.5 mm ; pronotum + elytron 18.5 mm . Color of integument black, pronotum and elytron densely setose-squamose with encrustations of algae or lichens, in live specimens greenish, in dry specimens brownish; venter shining, legs and head dull and sparsely setose. Head ( Fig. 11 ) dull, densely punctate, microreticulate, sparsely setose; between eyes ca. as wide as vertical diameter of eye (1.01 X). Eyes markedly prominent from outline of head. Gena 1.09 X as long as vertical diameter of eye. FIGURE 39. Elytral base of Gymnopholus (Niphetoscapha) nitidus with exudates. FIGURES 40a–b. Gymnopholus ( Niphetoscapha ) inexspectatus sp. n. , live specimen with incrustrations of algae and lichens; photographs M. Wild, Mokndoma. Rostrum ( Fig.11 ) 2.50 X longer than wide at base; maximum width in front of antennal insertion 1.42 X width at base. Dorsum with marked median impression; pair of distinct dorsolateral furrows and antennal scrobes clothed with scales and brown encrustations. Antenna. Funicle + club 1.66 X length of scape; club 4.08 X as long as wide. Thorax. Pronotum 1.14 X longer than wide; sides gently sinuate, widest in apical half; vestiture of dense recumbent scales and sparse suberect scales, partly covered by encrustations; disc with irregular tubercles, some clothed by vestiture, others nude; in basal half with narrow, median impression, in anterior half with wider, roundish pit. Thoracic venter setose with thin setae not concealing surface; mesoventrite and mesocoxae with dense recumbent setae. Elytron 4.10 X longer than wide between humeri; at greatest width 1.12 X wider than between humeri; sides subparallel; surface with vestiture of dense recumbent scales and sparse suberect scales, partly covered by encrustations; with coarse irregular transverse wrinkles obscuring indistinct striae; without longitudinal ridges; epipleural edge with indistinct fringe of setae; at apical declivity ( Fig. 20 ) intervals 1–3 with transverse ridge; subapically intervals 3 and 9 with longitudinal ridges meeting at acute angle; apical declivity without distinct protrusions or knobs. Legs. Surface dull, microreticulate, punctate; with minute, recumbent setae and with long, yellowish, suberect bristles. Femora relatively long, parallel-sided; metafemur in repose reaching elytral apex. Abdomen. Ventrite 1–2 medially concave; with sparse, long setae; ventrite 5 flat, subapically densely setose. Penis ( Fig. 23 ) with asymmetrical apical tip slender. Transfer apparatus ( Fig. 33 ) ca. 1.5 X as long as wide at base. Allotype , female ( Fig. 6 ). Same as holotype except: Length. Total length 27 mm ; pronotum + elytron 22 mm . Elytron wider, 3.88 X longer than wide between humeri, at greatest width 1.10 X wider than between humeri. Intraspecific variation. Length. Total length of males 22.5–27.5 mm (n=6, x =24.3 ± 1.8), of females 27.0–30.0 mm (n=6, x =28.6 ± 1.3); pronotum + elytron of males 18.5–22.0 mm (n=6, x =19.8 ± 1.5), of females 22.0–25.0 mm (n=6, x =23.4 ± 1.2). Coloration of life specimens usually green and dominated by algal encrustations turning brown in dry collection specimens; amount of algal or lichen encrustations variable; recumbent scales of elytral grooves visible or fully covered by encrustations. Rostrum of males 2.50–2.71 X longer than wide at base (n=6, x =2.59 ± 0.08), of females 2.05–2.40 X longer than wide at base (n=6, x =2.24 ± 0.11); maximum width in males 1.42–1.56 X width at base (n=6, x =1.52 ± 0.05), in females 1.45–1.47 X width at base (n=6, x =1.46 ± 0.01). Antenna. Funicle + club 1.45–1.71 X length of scape (n=12, x =1.56 ± 0.08). Pronotum with shallow median groove wide or narrow, more or less distinct; submedian tubercles more or less numerous, more or less distinct. Elytron of males 3.92–4.55 X longer than wide between humeri (n=6, x =4.21 ± 0.21), at greatest width 1.04–1.15 X wider than between humeri (n=6, x =1.11 ± 0.04); elytron of females 3.88–4.16 X longer than wide between humeri (n=6, x =3.96 ± 0.19), at greatest width 1.09–1.20 X wider than between humeri (n=6, x =1.13 ± 0.04); elytral sculpture more distinct in specimens from Bilogay in which transverse wrinkles and grooves are deep, partly tuberculate; elytral transverse wrinkles in specimens from other localities more gentle, in some specimens almost absent; shape of suberect elytral scales relatively short, almond-shaped, or longer, lanceolate. Material examined . Holotype : WEST NEW GUINEA , Paniai Reg. , Sinak [ E 137° 51´ S 03° 50´ ], 2000–2200 m , 14–17.XII.1995 ( MZB ) . Paratypes : WEST NEW GUINEA , Paniai Reg.: 3 males , 5 female (1 marked as “ allotype ”), same data as holotype ( ARC , SMNK ) ; 1 female, Sinak, Tuput, 2900 m , 12.XII.1995 (ARC); 3 males, 1 female, Sinak, trail to Ilaga, 2100–2500 m , 15.XII.1995 (ARC); 3 males, 3 females, Bilogay [E 137° 01´S 03° 44´], Tigipigu, 2100–2400 m , 23.XII.1995 (ARC, SMNK); Jayawijaya Reg.: 6 males, 3 females, Mulia [E 137°57´S 03°44´], (S), Wuyuneeri, 1900–2200 m , 6–7.VII.1994 (ARC, SMNK). Other material not included in type series: Jayawijaya Reg.: 1 female, Tiom, Wanuga, 2750–2900 m , 8.XII.1995 (ARC); 1 male, Wanuga—Kwiyawagi, 2750–3000 m , 9.XII.1995 (ARC); 1 ex ( ARC 2636 ), W Wamena , road to Lake Habbema , S04° 08.256´ E138° 49.049´ , 2770 m , 20-VII-2010 ( SMNK ) ; 2 exx (ARC2641, ARC2642), N Wamena, Poga, S03° 47.575´E138° 33.155´to S03° 47.473´E138° 33.163´, 2620–2715 m , 15-VII-2010 (SMNK). Other material reported . WEST NEW GUINEA , Mokndoma , S 03° 39´ E 137° 46´ (photographic evidence, see fig. 40a–b). Distribution ( Fig. 41 ). Paniai Reg. (Sinak, Bilogay), Jayawijaya Reg. (Lake Habbema, Tiom, Mulia). Elevation: 2200–2900 m . Etymology . This epithet is based on Latin participle inexspectatus (unexpected) and refers to the first discovery of a Gymnopholus species with epizoic symbiosis in West New Guinea leaving a wide distributional gap to similar species in the Eastern half of the island.