A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae)
Author
Porter-Utley, Kristen
text
PhytoKeys
2014
43
1
224
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.43.7804
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.43.7804
1314-2003-43-1
4C099F0AFF98FFCC5D14FFA25241FFDE
576253
4.
Passiflora lancifolia Ham., Prod. Pl. Ind. Occ. [Hamilton] 48. 1825.
Figs 31
-32
Passiflora
lanceolata
Ham. ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 54. 1834, non
Passiflora lanceolata
Harms, 1894. Type: Based on
Passiflora lancifolia
Ham.
Decaloba lancifolia
(Ham.) M.Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. 2: 159. 1846. Type: Based on
Passiflora lancifolia
Ham.
Passiflora regalis
Macfadyen ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 292. 1860. Type: Jamaica. Saint Andrews: "Cold Spring Gap in S. Andrews, Port Royal",
MacFadyen s.n.
(holotype: K!).
Type.
"Antilles"
,
Anon. s.n.
ex Herb. Desvaux (holotype: P [P00605787, photograph seen] [photographs DUKE!, GH!, P!]; isotype: P [P00605788, photograph seen]).
Description.
Slender, climbing, perennial vine 3 m long or more, densely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes throughout (except ovary), 0.5-1.4 mm long, 0.02-0.06 mm wide, also sparsely, antrorsely appressed-puberulent with unicellular, curved trichomes on stems, leaves and stipules, 0.03-0.05 mm long, 0.02 mm wide. Flowering stems 0.7-2.2 mm in diameter, subterete to terete, with the base somewhat cork-covered. Stipules 4.1-8.5 mm long, 0.3-0.9 mm wide; petioles 0.7-1.9 cm long, narrowly ovate, acute to attenuate, longitudinally striate-nerved, eglandular (rare) or commonly bearing in the distal third (0.69-0.97 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole) (1-)2, round or elliptic, opposite to alternate, long-stipitate, cupulate nectaries, 0.1-0.5 mm wide, 0.4-1.2 mm high. Laminas 3.5-8.5 cm long, 1.5-5.2 cm wide, unlobed to shallowly 3-lobed 0.05-0.72 of the distance to the leaf base, when present, lateral lobes 1.1-4.0 cm long, 0.5-3.0 cm wide, elliptic, acute to rounded, central lobes 3.5-8.5 cm long, 1.0-3.5 cm wide, ovate to elliptic, acute to attenuate, angle between the lateral lobes 53-115°, ratio of lateral to central lobe length 0.29-0.56, margins entire, primary veins 1(rare) or 3, diverging and branching at base, laminar nectaries absent; tendril 0.3-0.6 mm wide, present at flowering node. Flowers borne in leaf axils. Pedicels 24.0-55.0 mm long, 0.3-0.8 mm wide; bract(s) absent or with one, narrowly ovate, acute bract, 0.9-1.8 mm long, 0.1-0.3 mm wide, the bract 20.6-34.8 mm from base of pedicel; spur(s) absent. Tubular flowers 7.1-12.8 mm in diameter with stipe 2.9-7.4 mm long, 0.5-1.0 mm wide; hypanthium 7.1-12.8 mm
in
diameter; sepals 20.1-31.8 mm long, 3.4-6.9 mm wide, narrowly ovate, acute, abaxially and adaxially reddish purple (5RP 4/6-4/8) dried; coronal filaments in 1 (rare) or 2 series, the outer 26-30, basally connate 1.1-3.8 mm, the free portions 5.8-10.3 mm long, 0.3-0.8 mm wide, linear to narrowly ovate, erect, reddish purple, lighter distally, ratio of coronal (fused and free portions) to sepal length 0.28-0.49, the inner not well-developed with 2-4 filaments or well-developed (rare) with 30-31 filaments, free or basally connate (rare) 0.8-0.2 mm, the free portions 1.1-2.9 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, linear, sometime capitellate, erect, appearing reddish purple when dried, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length (fused and free portions) 0.11-0.41; operculum 1.7-2.9 mm long, plicate, appearing light reddish purple dried, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.09-0.13 mm high, 1.1-3.5 mm wide, sulcate; limen slightly recurved to erect, occasionally slightly inclined toward operculum, 0.2-1.1 mm high, 0.1-0.3 mm wide, appearing light reddish purple (5RP6/6) dried, limen floor 2.1-6.1 mm in diameter, appearing light reddish purple dried; androgynophore 17.8-22.3 mm long, 0.6-1.3 mm wide, reddish purple dried; free portions of the staminal filaments 3.3-8.0 mm long, 0.3-0.7 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 1.8-4.0 mm long, 0.5-2.0 mm wide; styles 4.3-7.0 mm long including stigmas, 0.1-0.4 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 0.4-1.1 mm in diameter; ovary 2.6-6.7 mm long, 1.2-3.8 mm wide, elliptic, greenish yellow. Berry 12.8-13.9 mm long, 11.0-14.4 mm in diameter, ovoid to obovoid, very dark purple. Seeds ca. (6-)14-23, 3.0-3.2 mm long, 1.8-1.9 mm wide, 1.3 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 15-17 foveae.
Figure 31.
Herbarium specimen of
Passiflora lancifolia
(
G. Proctor 23725
).
Figure 32.
Distribution of
Passiflora lancifolia
and
Passiflora macfadyenii
.
Phenology.
Flowering and fruiting May to December.
Distribution.
Endemic to Jamaica, in the parishes of St. Andrew, St. Thomas, and Portland. Tropical lower montane mist forests on steep wooded hillsides and in thickets; growing on shrubs and trees; ca. 850-1220 m.
Discussion.
Passiflora
lancifolia
is very similar to another Jamaican endemic,
Passiflora macfadyenii
. They both possess bright red, elongated tubular flowers that are likely pollinated by hummingbirds. The two species can be easily separated utilizing both vegetative and reproductive characters.
Passiflora lancifolia
possesses shallowly trilobed leaves (rarely unlobed) with the lateral lobes commonly significantly less than half the length of the central lobe, and the central lobe is ovate and never narrowed at the base.
Passiflora macfadyenii
possesses distinctly trilobed leaves with the lateral lobes commonly more than half the length of the central lobe, and the central lobe is obovate with a distinctly narrowed base similar to that in
Passiflora juliana
and
Passiflora viridiflora
. The pedicels in
Passiflora lancifolia
are greater than 2.3 cm long, whereas those of
Passiflora macfadyenii
rarely exceed a length of 1.8 cm. The floral nectary of
Passiflora lancifolia
is the widest in the supersection, greatly exceeding that of
Passiflora macfadyenii
. The outer coronal filaments are connate and often not adnate to the sepals or barely so in
Passiflora lancifolia
, whereas those of
Passiflora macfadyenii
are distinctly adnate to the sepals.
Passiflora lancifolia
often has two rows of coronal filaments (rarely with one row or a poorly developed inner row) and
Passiflora macfadyenii
lacks an inner coronal row (or with a poorly developed second coronal row seen in one flower from a plant in cultivation, i.e.,
MacDougal 452
- cultivated from cuttings of
Thomas 2032
). The fruits of
Passiflora lancifolia
and
Passiflora macfadyenii
are distinct, with
Passiflora lancifolia
having globose fruits and
Passiflora macfadyenii
possessing fusiform fruits. The habitats of the species are also different with
Passiflora lancifolia
growing in tropical lower montane mist forests at 850-1220 m and
Passiflora macfadyenii
found in tropical dry forests at 200-310 m.
The name
Passiflora lancifolia
was originally published by Hamilton as "
Passiflora lancifolia
Herb. Prof. Desv.," and the species has often been cited as "
Passiflora lancifolia
Desv. in Ham." or "
Passiflora lancifolia
Desv. ex Ham." However, in the preface of his book, it appears that Hamilton himself took responsibility for the new species and genera described therein and only acknowledged the advice and assistance of Desvaux (see
MacDougal and McVaugh 2001
for further details). Soon afterwards,
Don (1834)
described the taxon
Passiflora lanceolata
. However,
Don's
description of
Passiflora lanceolata
is identical to that of
Passiflora lancifolia
in Hamilton and is based upon the same type material, therefore, the name
Passiflora lanceolata
G.Don is a nomenclatural synonym of
Passiflora lancifolia
Ham. In 1850, Macfadyen wrote his second volume of
Flora of Jamaica
and included in it the description of a different plant, which he called
Passiflora regalis
, now known as
Passiflora macfadyenii
C. D. Adams. However, Macfadyen unexpectedly passed away before the publication of his flora, though it was distributed. As a result, several authors viewed the new species that were described by Macfadyen as ineffectively published and began to publish new species based upon his work.
Grisebach (1860)
was one of these authors and published a description of
Passiflora regalis
, which he attributed to Macfadyen. However, the species that he described was
Passiflora lancifolia
and not
Macfadyen's
Passiflora regalis
. In addition,
Ramirez
Goyena (1909)
published a description of
Passiflora regalis
, which he attributed to Macfadyen, but the species that he described was also
Passiflora lancifolia
and a later homonym of
Passiflora regalis
Macf. ex Griseb. Incidentally,
Ramirez
Goyena's
description of
Passiflora regalis
, other than being in Spanish and not in English, is virtually identical to that of Grisebach.
Killip (1938)
placed
Passiflora lancifolia
together with
Passiflora viridiflora
in the subgenus
Chloropathanthus
. However, the discovery of
Passiflora juliana
, a species that very closely resembles
Passiflora viridiflora
but is clearly a member of supersection
Cieca
, reinforced
MacDougal's
hypothesis (
1983
) that the apetalous, tubular-flowered species (including
Passiflora lancifolia
) belong in supersection
Cieca
(
MacDougal 1983
,
1992
).
Benson et al. (1975)
, in a study of the coevolution of plants and herbivores, reported that
Dryas julia
is an herbivore of
Passiflora lancifolia
.
Specimens examined.
JAMAICA. Portland:
Silver Hill
Woodcutter's
Gap, 3500 ft.,
Adams
11
,
936
(UCWI); Silver Hill, 3500 ft.,
Harris 6536
(BM, UCWI); Silver Hill, Blue Mountains, 3000 ft.,
Philipson 971
(BM); Buff Bay road west of Section,
Porter-Utley & Paul P-51
(FLAS); along the Buff Bay Road 0.5 mi. due W of Section, 3100 ft.,
Proctor 22948
(GH, US).
St. Andrew:
Newcastle Rd., 2800 ft.,
Adams 5723
(BM, UCWI); Newcastle to Hardwar Gap, 3700 ft.,
Adams 8152
(BM); track Chestervale-Clydesdale,
Burrowes 13017
(UCWI); between Newcastle & Greenwich,
Hart 1440
(BM); along track between Bellevue & Mt. Rosanna, Port Royal Mts., 3800-4000 ft.,
Proctor 23573
(GH); along road between Chestervale & Clydesdale, 3200-3400 ft.,
Proctor 23725
(GH); road from Newcastle to Freewich,
RDR 1440
(UCWI); Fern Walk,
Catherine's
Peak, 4000 ft.,
Skelding 6788
(UCWI).
St. Thomas:
Farm Hill,
Orcutt 3437
(UC, US); Arntully,
Orcutt 3841
(UC, US); along track between Farm Hill and Whitfield Hall, 4000 ft.,
Proctor 9659
(US); along the Stony Valley River near Arntully, 3000 ft.,
Proctor 33513
(DUKE).