Taxonomic revision of Chenopodiaceae in Himalaya and Tibet
Author
Sukhorukov, Alexander P.
Author
Liu, Pei-Liang
Author
Kushunina, Maria
text
PhytoKeys
2019
116
1
141
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.116.27301
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.116.27301
1314-2003-116-1
182FFF91FFCDFF9CFF811552FFCCFFCF
2559703
1.
Chenopodium album L., Sp. Pl.: 219 (1753)
Chenopodium album
L., Sp. Pl.: 219 (1753).
Lectotype
(designated by
Brenan 1954
): Herb. Linn. 313.8 (LINN! image of the lectotype available at http://linnean-online.org/3082/).
≡
Botrys alba
(L.) Nieuwl., Am. Midl. Naturalist 3: 276 (1914).
Taxonomic notes.
The description of the species is based on the most characteristic features of the populations growing in West/Central Himalaya; this aggregate still requires further investigations in our territory and other parts of Eurasia. A strange specimen was seen from Ladakh (Zanskar, Tsarap, Kuru Village to Tetha Village, 3950 m alt., 21 Aug 2004,
33°10'18"N
,
77°10'32"E
,
L.
Klimes
4163
, PRA) bearing a small (up to 15 cm) plant with entire, ovate leaves up to 2 cm, a small inflorescence up to 5 cm long and pitted seeds that may represent a new taxon. Some plants of
C. album
from India are characterised by smooth pericarp, a trait of
C. perttii
, although they differ from the latter taxon in leaf shape.
Description.
Annual, up to 150 cm, erect, branched, green. Leaves up to 10
x
4 cm, rhombic, oblong or lanceolate, entire or dentate, lower leaves often 3-lobed (terminal lobe tapering to apex). Inflorescence leafy or not. Flowers in glomerules arranged in loose inflorescence. Perianth farinose or glabrous. Fruit 1.3-1.5 mm, pericarp papillate (papillae up to 80
µm
), can be scraped off the seed; seeds obtuse or acutish on margins, nearly smooth with shallow radial furrows (Fig.
4A, B
), with structural heterospermy expressed in different thickness of the seed-coat testa.
Figure 4.
SEM micrographs of
Chenopodium
fruits and seeds.
A, B
seed of
C. album
C
C. pamiricum
, fruit with red seed
D
C. pamiricum
, fruit with brown seed
E, F
C. pamiricum
, red seed
G, H
seed of
C. ficifolium
. Magnification: 50
x
(
A, E, G
), 100
x
(
C, D
); 200
x
(
B, F, H
).
Habitat.
Disturbed areas; 0-4500 m a.s.l. The most common chenopodiaceous species in Himalaya and Tibet.
Phenology.
Flowering: March-September; fruiting: April-November.
Distribution.
See Fig.
5
.
Figure 5.
Distribution map of
Chenopodium album
(circles) and
C. pamiricum
(stars).
Specimens examined.
BHUTAN
: Charithang, Aug 1938,
B.J. Gould 1396
(DD); Byakar,
27°33'N
,
90°44'E
, 2700 m a.s.l., 9 Jun 1979,
A. Grierson & D. Long 1779
(K, E00168228); Upper Mo Chu distr., Chebesa, 3880 m a.s.l., 27 Sep 1984,
I. Sinclair & D. Long 5361
(E00168227); Tashigang distr., nr Rolong, 800 m a.s.l., 20 Mar 1991,
C. Parker 4926
(E00168225);
CHINA
:
Xizang
:
Ngari Prefecture
:
Gerze
(Gaize) County, 4250 m a.s.l., Aug 1972,
Li 063
(PE00510181),
Li 070
(PE00510179); Burang (Pulan) County, 4100 m a.s.l., 14 Jul 1976,
Qinghai-Tibet Team 76-8449
(PE00510198);
Nagqu Prefecture
: Xainza (Shenzha) County, 4500 m a.s.l., 19 Sep 1976,
Qinghai-Tibet Team Vegetation Group 13764
(PE00235194);
Xigaze
Prefecture
: Gyangtse (
Gyangze
, Jiangzi), 4 Jul 1904,
H.J
.
Walton 38
(K);
Xigaze
(Rikaze), 3830 m a.s.l., 7 Jul 1960,
Fu 348
(PE00510208); Nyalam (Nielamu) County, Zham (Zhangmu), 2000 m a.s.l., 13 May 1966,
Zhang & Lang 3361
(PE00510188); Namling (Nanmulin) County, Gangba, 3 Aug 1972,
Tibet Chinese Herbal Medicine Survey Team 993
(PE00510200);
Gyangze
(Jiangzi) County, 3960 m a.s.l., 5 Sep 1974,
Qinghai-Tibet Team 74-2072
(PE00510201, KUN0586975); Gyirong (Jilong) County, nr Mangmu, 2300 m a.s.l., 16 Jul 1975,
Qinghai-Tibet Team 6908
(PE00510190); Gyirong (Jilong) County, 4100 m a.s.l., 28 Jul 1975,
Qinghai-Tibet Team Vegetation Group 5635
(PE00510212);
Lhasa City
: Lhasa, 4000 m a.s.l., 20 Aug 1965,
Zhang & Lang 2055
(PE00510192);
Shannan Prefecture
:
Lhuenze
(Longzi) County, Sangngagqoiling (
San'anqulin
), 2710 m a.s.l., 15 Jul 1975,
Qinghai-Tibet Team Additional Group 750596
(PE00510175); [
Nedong
(Naidong) County]
Zetang
(Zedang), 3500 m a.s.l., 11 Aug 1977,
B.Z. Guo
et al.
22350
(WUK0345060);
Nyingchi Prefecture
: Bomi County, Guxiang,
29°55'N
,
95°30'E
, 2550 m a.s.l., 3 Jul 1965,
Ying & Hong 650415
(PE00510164); Bomi County, Tangmai (Tongmai), 2030 m a.s.l., 23 Jul 1965,
Zhang & Lang 892
(PE00510166); Bomi County, Sumzom (Songzong), 3500 m a.s.l., 4 Sep 1965,
Ying & Hong 651075
(PE00510171); Bomi County,
Yi'ong
(Yigong), 2400 m a.s.l., 19 Jun 1966,
Zhang & Wang 0401
(PE00510223); Mainling (Milin) County, Jiage, 3100 m a.s.l., 10 Jul 1972,
Tibet Chinese Herbal Medicine Survey Team 3660
(PE00510218);
Qamdo Prefecture
: Qamdo (Changdu) County, 23 Aug 1952,
Zhong 7203
(PE00510204); Qamdo (Changdu) County, 6 July 1965,
Zhang & Lang 230
(PE00510172),
Zhang & Lang 232
(PE00510174); Qamdo (Changdu) County to [Baxoi (Basu) County] Bamda (Bangda), 3150 m a.s.l., 6 Jul 1965,
Zhang & Lang 403
(PE00510173); Zogang (Zuogong) County, 3750 m a.s.l., 28 Jun 1976,
Qinghai-Tibet Team Vegetation Group 8689
(PE00510216); Markam (Mangkang) County, nr Dengba vill., 30 Aug 2011,
Yu
et al.
6149
(PE);
INDIA
:
Jammu & Kashmir
: Pata, 7500 ft a.s.l., 28 May 1848,
T.T
.
Thomson
s.n. (K); Srinagar, [year] 1856,
Schlagintweit 4286
(G); Sonamarg, 1 Sep 1896,
C.B
.
Clarke 30890
(K); [Srinagar] Dal lake, 17 Aug 1917,
R.R
.
Stewart 3324
(K); Ladakh, Zanskar Region, S of Padum, Dibling to Barmi La, 3730 m a.s.l., 24 Aug 2003,
33°54'18"N
,
76°41'6"E
,
L.
Klimes
3227
(PRA); Ladakh, Zanskar, Tsarap, Kuru to Tetha, 3950 m a.s.l., 21 Aug 2004,
33°10'18"N
,
77°10'32"E
,
L.
Klimes
4163
(PRA); Ladakh, Suru Region, Parkachik, 3620-3740 m a.s.l., 25 Aug 2005,
L.
Klimes
6048
(PRA);
Himachal Pradesh
: Simla, 4 Jul 1877,
J.S
.
Gamble 4500
(K); Simla, 7000 ft a.s.l., 10 Jul 1886,
H. Collett 311
(K); Simla, 8 Oct 1890,
Watt 13674
(E); Lahaul, Koksu Lahaul, 10000 ft a.s.l., 7 Aug 1916,
R.E
.
Cooper 5283
(E00394442); Tangmang, 6000 ft a.s.l., 17 Aug 1956,
Polunin 56-363
(BM);
Uttarakhand state
: Kumaon, Almora, 5500 ft a.s.l., [without date]
S. Strachey & J.E. Winterbottom 5
(BR, BM); 20 km SW of Dehradun, 670 m a.s.l., 15 Jun 1972,
P. Uotila 17668
(H1154022); Tehri Garhwal Distr., Kharsali, 3 Oct 1991,
S.C. Majumdar & B. Balodi 81561
(BSD);
NEPAL
:
Far-Western
:
Seti Zone
: Bajhang Distr., 19 Jul 1991,
Suzuki
et al.
9160766
(BM); Bajhang Distr., Khaptad National Park, trail from Ghoda Daune to Lokhada,
29°24'N
,
81°8'E
, 2559 m a.s.l., 3 Jul 2009,
H. Ikeda
et al.
20913048
(E00509893);
Midwestern
:
Karnali Zone
: [Dolpa Distr.] nr Tarakot, Bheri river, 10500 ft a.s.l., 11 Jul 1952, O.
Polunin
,
W.R
.
Sykes
&
L.H.J
.
Williams 2432
(BM, E); [Dolpa Distr.] Dunai,
28°55'N
,
82°55'E
, 2100 m a.s.l., 26 Apr 1974,
J.-F
.
Dobremez 2761
(BM, E00214373); Dolpa Distr., Polam,
29°10'N
,
82°50'E
, 3250 m a.s.l., 6 Oct 1991,
M. Minaki
et al.
9104404
(BM); [Jumla Distr.], Jumla vill., 23 Sep 2010,
A. Sukhorukov 463
(MW);
Rapti Zone
: [Rolpa Distr.] Phalabang, 4500 ft a.s.l., 27 Mar 1952,
O. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 654
(E);
Western
:
Dhaulagiri Zone
: [Baglung Distr.] nr Bongakhani, 500 ft a.s.l., 5 May 1954,
J. Stainton
,
W.R
.
Sykes
&
L.H.J
.
Williams 2708
(BM); Mustang Distr., 3185 m a.s.l., 22 Sep 1995,
M. Mikage
et al.
9550337
&
9550357
(BM);
Lumbini Zone
: Nawalparasi [Distr.], Beldiha, 150 m a.s.l., Nov 1970,
T. Makino 10
(BM);
Central
:
Bagmati Zone
: [Rasuwa Distr.] Langtang vill., 11500 ft a.s.l., 1 Aug 1949,
O. Polunin 1552
(BM); Langtang, 11500 ft a.s.l., 22 Jun 1949,
O. Polunin 490
(BM); [Bhaktapur Distr.] Nagarkot to
Bhaktapur
, Mar 2012,
A. Sukhorukov
s.n. (MW);
Narayani Zone
: Chitwan Distr., Sauraha, 160 m a.s.l., 19 Jan 1996,
M. Mikage
et al.
9614220
(E00152131); Chitwan National Park, Sauraha, 4 Mar 2008,
A. Sukhorukov 56
(MW, E00665443);
Eastern
:
Mechi Zone
: [Taplejung Distr.] Talung, 2600 m a.s.l., 3 Oct 1971,
C. Jest 71-18
(E00214371).
General distribution.
Subcosmopolitan.