Four new species of Clinotanypus Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from Neotropical region
Author
Oliveira, Caroline Silva Neubern de
Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C. P. 676, 13565 - 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;
Author
Silva, Fabio Laurindo da
Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C. P. 676, 13565 - 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; & Section of Natural History, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Author
Trivinho-Strixino, Susana
Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C. P. 676, 13565 - 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;
text
Journal of Natural History
2013
J. Nat. Hist.
2013-12-16
48
5 - 6
317
343
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.825019
journal article
10.1080/00222933.2013.825019
1464-5262
5199267
Clinotanypus striatus
sp. nov.
(
Figures 10–12
)
Type material
Holotype
male with pupal and larval exuviae,
BRAZIL
, SP,
Pirassununga
,
Aquaculture Research
and
Training Center
–
CEPTA
/
IBAMA
,
21
◦
55
′
44
′′
S
,
47
◦
22
′
23
′′
W
,
627 m
a.s.l.
, 2009, S.
T
. Strixino
.
Paratype
: pharate pupa with larval exuviae, same data as holotype except
14 September 2010
;
2 males
with pupal and larval exuviae, same data as holotype except
14 September 2010
;
male with pupal and larval exuviae, same data as holotype except
20 September 2010
;
pharate pupa with larval exuviae, same data as holotype except
20 September 2010
.
Etymology
From Latin,
striatus
, meaning stripe, referring to the three dorsal brown bands on thorax of male.
Figure 10.
Clinotanypus striatus
sp. nov.
: adult. (A) Head, frontal view. (B) Thorax. (C) Wing. (D–F) Legs, P1 (D), P2 (E), and P3 (F). (G–I) Tibial spurs of P
1
(G), P
2
(H) and P
3
(I). (J) Hypopygium with tergite IX, left: ventral aspect, right: dorsal aspect.
Diagnostic characters
Clinotanypus striatus
sp. nov.
differs from other
Clinotanypus
species
by the combination of the following characters. Male: thorax with 3 dorsal brown bands, anal point bilobed and gonostylus with 6 setae. Pupa: base of scar with shagreenation and segment VII with 6 taeniae. Larva: shape of mandible and its row of setae at the lateral outer margin; palp segment and procercus 206–215 µm long.
Figure 11.
Clinotanypus striatus
sp. nov.
: pupa. (A) Thoracic horn. (B) Tergites chaetotaxy, anal lobe and male genital sac.
Figure 12.
Clinotanypus striatus
sp. nov.
: larva. (A) Head with chaetotaxy, left: dorsal aspect, right: ventral aspect. (B) Maxillary palp detail. (C) Mandible. (Da,b) a. Mentum and
M appendage
, b. variation. (Ea,b). a. Ligula and paraligula, b. variation.
Descriptions
Adult male (n
=
3)
Dimensions.
Total length
4.70–5.08 mm
. Wing length
1.93–2.32 mm
. Total length
/
wing length 2.03–2.63. Wing length
/
length of profemur 2.24–2.71.
Coloration.
Head, pedicel, antenna and maxillary palp brown. Thorax with microtrichia, yellow; antepronotum with two brown vertical spots; scutellum, postnotum, anepisternum and preepisternum brown. Wing membrane transparent without spots, veins brown and macrotrichia on C and R
1
veins. Legs pale brown with dark brown bands as in
Figure 10D–F
. Abdomen pale brown and hypopygium yellow.
Head
(
Figure 10A
). Antenna with 14 flagellomeres, AR 2.08–2.18, flagellum 1331–1600 µm long. Temporal setae 22–26, multiserial (
Figure 10A
). Eyes bare, with dorsomedian extension containing 3–4 terminal facets. Tentorium 190–249 µm long, stipes not measurable. Clypeus not measurable, bearing 13–25 setae. Cibarial pump with anterior margin concave, 306 (1) µm long. Palpomere lengths 1–5 (in µm): 64–70; 76–100; 160–188, 203–227; 276–342.
Thorax
(
Figure 10B
). Antepronotum with 11–18 lateral setae; acrostichals biserial; dorsocentrals merging with the acrostichals posteriorly; prealars 44–53; supraalars 1; scutellars 15–19; postnotals 34–50; posterior anepisternals 5; epimerals 2–3 (2); preepisternals divided into two groups, group I with 17–31 setae and group II with 15–27 setae, as in
Figure 10B
.
Wing
(
Figure 10C
). Width
0.61–0.77 mm
long. Costa
1.32–2.30 mm
long, produced beyond R
4+5
. R
1
with 28–37 (2) setae. VR 0.82–0.85. WW 0.32–0.33. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama with 26–34 setae.
Legs
(
Figure 10D–I
). Fore leg: tibia one apical spur 66–75 µm long (
Figure 10G
). Mid leg: tibia with two apical spurs 65–69; 49–60 µm long (
Figure 10H
); tarsomeres 1–3 each with two pseudospurs 37–41, 37–40 and 35–39 µm, respectively. Hind leg: tibia with two apical spurs 82–94; 57–63 µm long (
Figure 10I
); tarsomeres 1–3 each with one pseudospur 41–42, 33–34 and 25–26 µm, respectively; double comb present. All legs with claws pointed. Pulvilli absent. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in
Table 4
.
Hypopygium
(
Figure 10J
). Tergite IX with irregular row of 18–38 (2) dorsal setae. Anal point bilobed. Phallapodeme long and wide, 94–96 µm long. Sternapodeme curved anteriorly, 135–139 µm long. Gonocoxite conical, 230–255 µm long, with slightly concave inner margin. Gonostylus simple, 114–122 µm long; megaseta 17–18 (2) µm long. HR 2.03–2.10. HV 3.88–4.46.
Table 4. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of leg segments in
Clinotanypus striatus
sp. nov.
, male (
n
= 1).
fe |
ti |
ta1 |
ta2 |
ta3 |
p1 |
861.5–1123 |
1046–1462 |
631–938.5 |
338–446 |
215–277 |
p2 |
846–1185 |
800–1169 |
492–692 |
246–292 |
154–185 |
p3 |
785–1092 |
969–1369 |
615–738 |
307–385 |
231–246 |
p1 |
ta4 92–123 |
ta5 154 |
LR 0.60–0.70 |
BV 3.17–3.52 |
SV 2.63–3.02 |
p2 |
77–123 |
123–139 |
0.56–0.64 |
3.39–4.55 |
3.0–3.55 |
p3 |
77–123 |
154 |
0.54–0.63 |
3.02–3.71 |
2.85–3.33 |
Pupa (n
=
3)
Coloration.
Exuviae pale brown with brown spots. Thoracic horn mostly brown.
Cephalothorax
(
Figure 11A
). Wing sheath
1.46–1.61 mm
long and
0.51–0.58 mm
wide. Frontal apotome (1) µm wide. Thoracic horn 449–500 µm long and 144–164 µm wide, with spinules on the surface; plastron plate large, 198–219 µm long (
Figure 11A
); aeropyle tube 254–285 µm long. Respiratory atrium tubular. Basal lobe present.
Abdomen
(
Figure 11B
)
3.69–4.15 mm
long. Tergites I–VII with shagreen consisting of sparse and solitary spinules. T I with pigmented scar, 156–190 µm long, with shagreenation at the base. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in
Figure 11B. T
VII with 6 taeniae. T VIII with 5 taeniae. Anal lobe as in
Figure 7H
, 763–831 (2) µm long and 688–775 (2) µm wide, with two anal macrosetae. Genital sac smaller than anal lobe, with 294–319 µm long. GS
/
AL 0.38–0.42.
Fourth instar larva (n
=
3)
Coloration.
Head pale yellow, postoccipital margin brown; antenna pale yellow; distal tooth of mandible brown; ligula pale yellow. Abdomen pale yellow, procercus, anal setae and posterior parapod claws pale yellow.
Head
(
Figure 12A
). Length 556 (1) µm, 795 (1) µm wide; cephalic index 0.70 (1). Chaetotaxy as in
Figure 12A
.
Antenna.
Length 682–696 µm long, A
1
636–650 µm long, with ring organ placed 486–575 µm from base, A
2
31–39 µm long. AR 13–14.
Maxilla
(
Figure 12B
). Palp segment 123–132 µm long and 14–15 µm wide, with ring organ 54–69 µm from base,A
1
/
P
14.83
–5.21, A
2
/
P
1
0.23–0.32.
Mandible
(
Figure 12C
). Length 96–118, with 3 lateral setae. A
1
/
MD 5.50–6.62. Row of setae at the lateral outer margin present.
Mentum and
M appendage
(
Figure 12
Da,b). Dorsomentum with 3–5 pairs of lateral teeth; pseudoradula uniformly granulate;
M appendage
with lateral teeth absent or present.
Hypopharyngeal complex
(
Figure 12
Ea,b). Ligula 96–97 (2) µm long, maximum width 44 –45 (2) µm, with 6–7 accessory teeth, anterior toothed margin slightly concave. Paraligula pectinate, 50–55 (2) µm long. Pecten hypopharyngis with 20 teeth equal in size.
Body.
With lateral fringe. Anterior parapods with simple claws. Procercus 206–215 µm long, 60–66 µm wide, with 14 anal setae 733 (1) µm long. L
/
W 3.12–3.58. Supraanal seta 664 (1) µm long. Anal tubules not measurable. Posterior parapod apex with 10 simple and 5 hook-shape claws.
Ecology
The larva of
Clinotanypus striatus
was collected from sandy sediments in a reservoir at the Aquaculture Research and Training Center, in Pirassununga,
São Paulo
.