Taxonomic revision of Croton section Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae) Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cx. Postal 11461, 05422 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Current address: Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil. E-mail: mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br Instituto de Botânica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Cx. Postal 3005, 01061 - 970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Author Cordeiro, Inês text Phytotaxa 2013 2013-08-07 121 1 1 41 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.121.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.121.1.1 1179-3163 5079382 Key to the subsections and species of Croton section Cleodora 1. Sepals of pistillate flowers with quincuncial aestivation. Fruits globose or ellipsoid, never trigonal (except C. rufolepidotus ) .............................................................................................................. 2 ( Croton subsect. Sphaerogyni ) - Sepals of pistillate flowers with imbricate aestivation, rarely reduplicate-valvate. Fruits subglobose, usually trigonal ...................................................................................................................................... 10 ( Croton subsect. Spruceani ) 2. Leaf glands acropetiolar ............................................................................................................................................... 3 - Leaf glands basilaminar (in C. organensis the glands are maculate, inconspicuous).................................................. 5 3. Branchlets angular. Pistillate flowers flask-shaped; disk 5-segmented; calyx lobes not accrescent ........... C. salutaris - Branchlets cylindrical. Pistillate flowers campanulate; disk entire, deeply 5-lobed; calyx lobes strongly accrescent. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Indument rufous-silvery. Leaf margin entire. Stamens ca. 25. Pistillate flowers with styles included in calyx ............ ............................................................................................................................................................. C. campanulatus - Indument silvery. Leaf margin finely serrate. Stamens ca. 15. Pistillate flowers with styles exserted from calyx........ .............................................................................................................................................................. C. hemiargyreus 5. Styles 4-fid (12 terminal arms) ..................................................................................................................................... 6 - Styles multifid (> 12 terminal arms) ............................................................................................................................ 7 6. Branchlets flattened. Leaf glands globose. Staminate flowers campanulate. Pistillate flowers flask-shaped. Atlantic rain forest ........................................................................................................................................ 8. C. sphaerogynus - Branchlets cylindrical. Leaf glands saucer-shaped. Staminate flowers subcampanulate. Pistillate flowers ovoid. Amazon rain forests .................................................................................................................................... C. cajucara 7. Indument lepidote. Colombia .............................................................................................................. C. rufolepidotus - Indument non lepidote. Eastern Brazil ........................................................................................................................ 8 8. Branchlets cylindrical. Staminate flowers cup-shaped. Pistillate flowers subsessile. ............................ C. heterocalyx - Branchlets flattened. Staminate flowers subcampanulate. Pistillate flowers pedicellate ........................................... 9 9. Venation eucamptodromous; foliar glands maculate, inconspicuous. Bracts not foliaceous, without glands. Staminate flowers subcampanulate. Sepals of the pistillate flowers united only at the base .................. C. organensis - Venation brochidodromous; foliar glands globose, conspicuous. Bracts foliaceous, with a pair of globose glands at the base. Staminate flowers campanulate. Sepals of the pistillate flowers united up to half of their length ................. ..................................................................................................................................................... C. stellatoferrugineus 10. Leaf glands acropetiolar ............................................................................................................................................ 11 - Leaf glands basilaminar .............................................................................................................................................. 13 11. Stipules lacerate. Pistillate flowers reduplicate-valvate; styles multifid (> 12 terminal arms) ................... C. fragrans - Stipules entire. Pistillate flowers imbricate; styles 4-fid (12 terminal arms).............................................................. 12 12. Branchlets flattened. Anthers ellipsoid. Pistillate flowers subcampanulate; petals with rounded apex ......................... .............................................................................................................................................................. C. fragrantulus - Branchlets cylindrical. Anthers arrow-headed. Pistillate flowers campanulate; petals with wavy and indented apex. ................................................................................................................................................................. C. hoffmannii 13. Styles multifid (> 12 terminal arms) .......................................................................................................................... 14 - Styles 4-fid (12 terminal arms) .................................................................................................................................. 15 14. Indument ferrugineous. Staminate flowers campanulate; calyx lobes not deflexed in fruit. Epicarp smooth .............. ................................................................................................................................................................. C. sexmetralis - Indument whitish. Staminate flowers subcampanulate; calyx lobes deflexed in fruit. Epicarp warty ........................... .............................................................................................................................................................. C. billbergianus 15. Pistillate flowers urn-shaped ................................................................................................................... C. spruceanus - Pistillate flowers campanulate ... 16 16. Climbing shrubs; branchlets slightly flattened. Stamens ca. 25 ....................................................... C. pseudofragrans - Straight trees to shrubs; branchlets cylindric. Stamens ca. 15................................................................................... 17 17. Indument lepidote. Leaves elliptical, strongly discolorous. Inflorescences congested. Disk of pistillate flowers 5- segmented. Epicarp warty. Amazonian rain forests ................................................................................. C. orinocensis - Indument pubescent. Leaves ovate, slightly discolorous. Inflorescences lax. Disk of pistillate flowers 5-lobed. Epicarp smooth. Brazilian seasonal dry forests .................................................................................... C. rottlerifolius