Two new species and a new species group of Mycodrosophila Oldenberg, 1914 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Amazon Author Corrêa, Robson Crepes Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Author Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva Author Mendes, Mayara Ferreira 0000-0002-7551-639X ferreiramendesmayara @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7551 - 639 X ferreiramendesmayara@gmail.com Author Valente, Vera Lúcia Da Silva 0000-0001-8661-6284 vera. gaiesky @ ufrgs. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8661 - 6284 vera.gaiesky@ufrgs.br text Zootaxa 2021 2021-10-13 5052 1 78 90 journal article 4034 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.1.4 ad5e02bc-e95b-48a4-be66-595ca7be07e5 1175-5326 5566049 891D4264-C896-41B0-A8BC-E957B8E4F9AC Mycodrosophila neoprojectans species group, new group Species included and geographical distribution ( Fig. 37 ). Mycodrosophila neoprojectans Wheeler & Takada, 1963 : Panama , Nicaragua , Honduras , Costa Rica , Trinidad , and Ecuador ( Wheeler & Takada 1963 ); Brazil (Amazon Biome; Santa-Brígida et al . 2019 ). Mycodrosophila pseudoprojectans Wheeler & Takada, 1963 : Nicaragua , Panama , and Colombia ( Wheeler & Takada 1963 ); Brazil (Amazon Biome; Santa-Brígida et al . 2019 ). Mycodrosophila hofmanni Junges, Gottschalk, Loreto & Robe, 2016 : Brazil (Amazon Biome; Junges et al . 2016 ). Mycodrosophila amazonica n. sp. : widely distributed in the northern region of Brazil (Amazon Biome). Mycodrosophila martinsae n. sp. : Brazil (Amazon Biome). Diagnosis. Small flies; tergites II to IV (TII–TIV) largely black but at least partly light; dark spot below the 2nd C break extending to the vein M; dark spots at the apices of R 2+3 and R 4+5 absent (except M. amazonica n. sp. which was slightly darkened apically), ventral lobe of the epandrium tapering apically; phallus projected anteriorly in side view, with basiphallus narrower than distiphallus in lateral view (sense Grimaldi 1987 ). Key to the species of the Mycodrosophila neoprojectans species group 1 Tergites V and VI mostly black, except for small light spots on lateral margins; wing tip with faint darking; basiphallus 2x narrower than distiphallus and about 1/2 of the phallus length................................... M. amazonica n. sp. - Tergites V and/or II to VI with more or less large light area(s); wing tip without darking............................. 2 2 Tergite VI largely black; acrostichal setulae in 10 rows; basiphallus about 1.5x narrower than distiphallus and about 1/2 of the phallus length........................................................................ M. pseudoprojectans - Tergite VI largely light; acrostichal setulae in 8 rows......................................................... 3 3 Tergite VI without a median dark spot; basiphallus 2x narrower than distiphallus and about 1/3 of the phallus length............................................................................................ M. martinsae n. sp. - Tergite VI with median dark spot......................................................................... 4 4 Halter with dark knob and light base and stem; basiphallus about 1.5x narrower than distiphallus and about 1/2 of the phallus length; postgonite 2x longer than wider in lateral view.......................................... M. neoprojectans - Halter fully dark; basiphallus about 1.5x narrower than distiphallus and about 1/3 of the phallus length; postgonite 3x longer than wider and backward curved in lateral view.................................................... M. hofmanni