On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae)
Author
Santanna, Manoela
Author
Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes
Author
Cizauskas, Igor
Author
Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-07-24
4646
2
271
292
journal article
26131
10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.4
e1a3cc15-4c28-478d-a067-52c7f9224b6a
1175-5326
3349449
E031D297-36C5-46D3-A7B0-7355719AAD64
Cryptachaea migrans
(
Keyserling, 1884
)
Figs. 15–19
,
26–31
,
33
Theridium migrans
Keyserling, 1884: 18
, pl. 1, fig. 6, female
lectotype
from Lechugal,
Tumbes
,
Peru
, in the Polish Academy
of Sciences, Warsaw, examined.
Tidarren fordum luctuosum
Caporiacco, 1954: 77
, female
holotype
from St. Jean du Maroni,
French Guiana
, in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (synonymized by
Levi, 1963: 225
).
Achaearanea migrans
:
Levi, 1963: 225
(transferred from
Theridion
).
Cryptachaea migrans
:
Yoshida, 2008: 39
(transferred from
Achaearanea
).
Achaearanea uviana
Levi, 1963: 218
, fig. 44, male
holotype
from Utcuyacu,
Junín
,
1600–2200m
elev.,
Peru
,
4 April 1948
, F. Woytkowski leg., in the American Museum of Natural History, examined.
New Synonymy
.
Cryptachaea uviana
:
Yoshida, 2008: 39
(transferred from
Achaearanea
).
Note.
Keyserling (1884)
described
Cryptachaea migrans
based on the female from
Peru
and
Levi (1963)
described
Cryptachaea uviana
based on the male from
Peru
too. From the examination of the
types
, the drawings by
Levi (1963)
and the examination of some males and females collected together in many localities in
Brazil
(Volta Redonda, state of
Rio de Janeiro
, in Canaã dos Carajás, state of
Pará
and
Antonina
, state of
Paraná
), and
Bolivia
(
Beni
) and male and female have the same color pattern, made it clear that these names are synonyms. Here we present for the first time SEM images of the male palp (
Figs. 26–30
) and of the epigynum (
Fig. 31
) of this species, illustrations of the male and female (
Figs. 15–17
), and photos of the both sexes (
Figs. 18, 19
).
Diagnosis.
The male palpus of
Cryptachaea migrans
resembles that of
Cryptachaea altiventer
(
Keyserling, 1884
)
(see
Levi, 1963
: fig. 45), by the shape of cymbium, with projected apex and conductor which follows the path of the embolus to the apex (
Figs. 15
,
26–29
), but differs by the curved embolus and slender conductor, apex of the cymbium elongated, hood-shaped (hat) (
Fig. 15
,
26–29
). The epigynum has a pair of oval spermathecae (
Fig. 17
), two copulatory openings located in the medial region of the epigynal plate (
Fig. 16
) and copulatory ducts forming a loop (
Fig. 17
) as in
Cryptachaea anastema
(
Levi, 1963
)
(see,
Levi, 1963
: fig. 57,58), but differs by having the copulatory ducts longer and fertilizations ducts longer, forming a loop (
Fig. 17
).
Description
.
Male
(
IBSP
174281): Total length 1.36. Carapace: length 0.64, width 0.51. Clypeus height: 0.13. Sternum: length 0.40, width 0.37. Chelicerae: length 0.17, width 0.06. Abdomen: length: 0.71, width 0.51, height 0.61. Leg formula IV/II/I/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.85/0.51/0.40/0.64; patellae+tibiae 0.78/0.54/0.37/0.54; metatarsi+tarsi-/0.71/0.37/0.71; total: 1.63/1.77/1.15/1.90. Palp: femora 0.03, patellae 0.06, tibiae 0.03, cymbium 0.37. AME are the largest. Eyes with dark borders (
Fig. 18
). Carapace oval, dark brown with dark borders (
Fig. 18
). Clypeus brown, laterally concave. Chelicerae yellow with brown spots. Labium yellow, subquadrangular. Endites yellow, subquadrangular. Sternum brown. Legs grayish brown, except femora yellow. Abdomen oval (
Fig. 18
), black with a white stripe going down on each side and a pair of white spots side by side on venter, ventrally brown. Spinnerets yellow. The male palpus have the cymbium long, expanded at its tip (
Figs. 15
,
26–29
), tarsal organ developed (
Fig. 30
), conductor with laminar shape and pointed distal end (
Figs. 15
,
26–28
), embolus with strong base (
Figs. 15
,
26, 27
) and the tegulum subcircular and larger (
Figs. 15
,
26–28
), with light sinuous ducts (
Fig. 15
). Cymbium with many long macrosetae (
Figs. 26–30
).
Female
(
IBSP
174282). Total length 3.84. Carapace: length 1.49, width 1.22. Clypeus height: 0.23. Sternum: length 0.81, width 0.78. Chelicerae: length 0.44, width 0.17. Abdomen: length: 2.17, width 1.87, height 1.80. Leg formula I/IV/II/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.84/1.56/1.15/1.87; patellae+tibiae 2.41/1.42/1.02/1.66; metatarsi+tarsi 2.89/1.80/1.36/2.14; total: 7.15/4.79/3.53/5.67. Palp: femora 0.27, patellae 0.17, tibiae 0.20, tarsi 0.37. All eyes with the same size. Carapace, clypeus, chelicerae, labium, endites and sternum as in male. Legs yellow, except distally brown (
Fig. 19
). Femur I presence of a comb of bristles distributed serially in ventral view. Abdomen oval (
Fig. 19
), dark brown with white stripes on dorsum, ventrally brown with a white spot on the venter. Epigynum (
Fig. 16, 17
,
31
) with spermathecae oval, copulatory ducts non-sinuous (
Fig. 17
), and curved fertilization ducts (
Fig. 17
).
Variation.
The color pattern is quite variable in both sexes from dark brown to brown in carapace. The white spots in the abdomen can be further dispersed. The legs may be lighter, light yellow to brown. Males (n=5): Total length 1.15–1.36. Carapace: length 0.61–0.64, width 0.47–0.51. Femur leg I 0.85–0.91. Females (n= 8): Total length 3.29–4.11. Carapace: length 1.32–1.49, width 1.15–1.22. Femur leg I 1.84–2.55.
FIGURES 15–19.
Cryptachaea migrans
(
Keyserling, 1884
)
: 15, Male: 15, Palp, ventral. 16–17, Female. 16, Epigynum, ventral. 17, Dorsal, clarified. 18–19, Body, dorsal view: 18, Male, 19, Female. Scale bars 0.25 mm.
FIGURES 20–25.
Cryptachaea pilar
new species
: 20–23, Male palp: 20, ventral. 21, Prolateral. 22, Ventral. 23, stridulatory ridges and tarsal organ. 24, Male chelicerae. 25, Epigynum.
Distribution.
Venezuela
,
British Guiana
,
French Guiana
,
Brazil
(states of Amazonas,
Pará
,
Alagoas
,
Espírito
Santo, and Paraná),
Peru
and
Bolivia
(
Fig. 33
).
FIGURES 26–31.
Cryptachaea migrans
(
Keyserling, 1884
)
: 26–30, Male palp: 26, ventral. 27, Ventral; 28, Subapical. 29, Dorsal. 30, Tarsal organ. 31, Epigynum.
Material examined.
Epigean material:
PERU
:
Madre de Dios
, Zona Reservada Tambopata (
12°55'57''S
;
69°16'50''W
), 1M, D. Silva coll.,
19.V.1988
(
MCN
17802);
BOLÍVIA
:
Beni
,
Beni Biological Station
(
14°38'34''S
;
66°17'54''W
), 1
M, H. Höfer
&
A. D. Brescovit
coll.,
27–29.VII.1997
(
MCN
24676)
,
1M (
MCN
24686)
;
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
,
Manaus
,
Fazenda Esteio Km
41 (
2°54'1''S
;
60°7'7'W'
), 1
F, A. D. Brescovit
coll.,
I.1994
(
MCN
25133)
;
Cave
material:
Pará
,
Parauapebas
, FLONA de
Carajás
,
Cave
N4E_0089 (GEM-1562) (
6°1'59''S
;
50°9'6''W
), 1M,
24–30.VII.2009
(
IBSP
175378
)
;
Cave
S11D_0059 (705) (
6°24'27702''S
;
50°18'46''W
), 1F,
01–14.VII.2010
(
IBSP
174297
)
;
Cave
S11D_0074 (720) (
6°23'33576''S
;
50°19'7''W
), 1F,
13–30.I.2010
(
IBSP
175825
)
;
Cave
S11_0008 (S11-08) (
6°25'14304''S
;
50°17'12''W
), 1F,
03–19.VIII.2010
(
IBSP
175865
)
;
Cave
S11_0022 (S11-22) (
6°25'3''S
;
50°18'7''W
), 1F,
03–19.VIII.2010
(
IBSP
175867
)
;
Cave
S11_0023 (S11-23) (
6°25'24''S
;
50°18'0''W
), 1F,
24.II–04.III.2010
(
IBSP
174278
)
;
Cave
S11_0025 (S11-25) (
6°25'19''S
;
50°18'20''W
), 1F,
24.II–04.III.2010
(
IBSP
175836
)
,
1M,
03–19.VIII.2010
(
IBSP
174279
)
;
Cave
CAV_0025 (CAV-25) (
6°24'56''S
;
50°21'40''W
), 1F,
22–31.V.2010
(
IBSP
175847
)
;
Cave
CAV_0028 (CAV-28) (
6°24'32”S
;
50°22'9''W
), 1F,
22–31.V.2010
(
IBSP
175849
)
;
Cave
CAV_0032 (CAV-32) (
6°25'36''S
;
50°19'26''W
), 1F,
22–31.V.2010
(
IBSP
175850
)
;
Cave
CAV_0009 (
CAV
_09) (
6°25'21''S
;
50°19'32''W
), 1F,
22–28.IX.2010
(
IBSP
175857
)
all collected by
R. Andrade
&
I. Cizauskas
et al
.;
Serra
da
Bocaina
, Cave
SB_0011 (GEM-1431) (
6°17'7''S
;
49°55'35''W
), 1F,
29.VIII–27.IX.2012
(
IBSP
183367
)
;
Cave
SB_0021 (GEM-1441) (
6°19'29''S
;
49°58'24''W
), 1F,
01.IV.2011
(
IBSP
183365
)
;
Cave
SB_0090 (GEM-1506) (
6°18'38''S
;
49°54'40''W
), 1F,
10–31.I.2013
(
IBSP
183368
)
;
Cave
SB_0094 (GEM-1510) (
6°18'1''S
;
49°57'9''W
), 1F,
29.VIII–27.IX.2012
(
IBSP
174280
)
;
Cave
SB_0109 (
6°21192'0''S
;
49°58'35''W
), 1M,
10–31.I.2013
(
IBSP
174281
)
;
Cave
SB_0112 (GEM-1525) (
6°21'11''S
;
49°58'35''W
), 1F,
20–26.VI.2013
(
IBSP
183577
)
;
Cave
SB_0114 (GEM-1527) (
6°21'10''S
;
49°58'37''W
), 2F,
20–26.VI.2013
(
IBSP
174282
)
,
2F,
10–31.I.2013
(
IBSP
183371
)
,
1F (
IBSP
183372
)
;
Cave
SB_0115 (GEM-1528) (
6°21'12''S
;
49°58'37''W
), 1F,
20.IX–01.X.2011
(
IBSP
183366
)
;
Cave
SB_0119 (GEM-1539) (
6°21'12''S
;
49°58'43''W
), 1F,
10–31.I.2013
(
IBSP
183370
)
;
Cave
SB_0124 (GEM-1592) (
6°21'15''S
;
49°59'8''W
), 2F,
10–31.I.2013
(
IBSP
183369
)
;
Cave
SB_0170 (
6°18'36''S
;
50°0'10''W
), 1F,
08–22.V.2013
(
IBSP
183573
)
,
1M,
10–20.IX.2013
(
IBSP
174283
)
;
Cave
SB_0185 (
6°20'39156''S
;
49°58'15''W
), 1F,
08–22.V.2013
(
IBSP
183574
)
,
1M (
IBSP
183575
)
;
Cave
SB_0220 (
6°18'3''S
;
49°57'56''W
), 1F,
08–22.V.2013
(
IBSP
183576
)
;
Cave
SB_0231 (
6°20'31''S
;
49°59'43''W
), 1M,
13–23.II.2014
(
IBSP
183579
)
;
Cave
SB_0234 (
6°20'27''S
;
49°54'17''W
), 1M,
12–22.X.2013
(
IBSP
183578
)
all collected by
C. A. R. Souza
&
J. Mascarenhas
et al
. coll.;
Alagoas
,
Murici
,
Estação Ecológica de Murici
(
9°15'S
;
35°51''W
), 1M,
Equipe Biota
coll.,
13–22.IX.2003
(
MCN
43784)
;
Rio de Janeiro
,
Rio de Janeiro
,
Floresta da Cicuta
(
2°12'S
;
43°16'W
), 1M,
Equipe Biota
coll.,
11–18.VI.2001
(
MCN
42346)
,
1M (
MCN
42381)
,
1M (
MCN
42382)
;
Paraná
,
Antonina
, Reserva
Natural do Rio Cachoeira
(
25°25'53''S
;
48°44'39''W
), 1M, 2
F, E. Alvares
coll.,
23.IX.2005
(
MCN
45899)
.