Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)
Author
Zuparko, Robert L.
text
Zootaxa
2015
4017
1
1
126
journal article
39938
10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1
086efdb4-44cf-4c0b-a796-1eb81f2cdd24
1175-5326
245475
BBFC3D93-6A7E-4862-84EF-021ADE2F4B3A
Tetracnemoidea
Howard 1898a
Hosts.
Hemiptera
:
Pseudococcidae
brevicornis
(
Girault 1915e: 174
) (
Arhopoideus
)
Type
. QM
Distribution.
E (Alameda, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Diego)
Host/habitat.
Pseudococcus calceolariae
,
P
.
longispinus
,
P
.
maritimus
,
P
.
viburni
Remarks.
Imported from
Australia
in
1928 in
a biological control program against
Pseudococcus calceolariae
, this species was released at several sites in Southern California, and immediately established (
Bartlett 1978c, as
Hungariella pretiosa
).
Pseudococcus comstocki
is not a proven host (see Methods). In California, I have found the three described species of the genus can occur sympatrically on urban shade trees.
peregrina
(
Compere 1939b: 59
) (
Tetracnemus
)
Type
.
USNM
Distribution.
E (Alameda, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, San Luis Obispo)
Host/habitat.
Ferrisia virgata
,
Pseudococcus calceolariae
,
P
.
longispinus
,
P
.
maritimus
,
P
.
viburni
,
P
. sp.
Remarks.
Imported from
Brazil
in 1934 and released in a biocontrol program against
Pseudococcus longispinus
, this species became established in southern California (
Bartlett 1978c
).
Dysmicoccus brevipes
,
Pseudococcus comstocki
, and
P
.
njalensis
are not proven hosts (see Methods). Additionally,
Onillon (1988: 484)
reports the use of
T
.
peregrina
in a partially successful biocontrol program against
Pseudococcus citriculus
in
Israel
, citing
DeBach (1964)
; however
DeBach (1964: 681)
reported that parasitoid only in programs against
P
.
longispinus
in California and
Bermuda
.
Noyes (2001)
, citing
Wysoki et al (1989)
, reported
Pseudococcus
sp. as a host; however
Wysoki
et al.
(1989)
were referring to
P
.
longispinus
.
sydneyensis
(
Timberlake 1929: 18
) (
Anarhopus
)
Type
.
USNM
Distribution.
E (Alameda, Los Angeles, Marin, Orange, Placer, San Diego, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Ventura)
Host/habitat.
Pseudococcus calceolariae
,
P
.
longispinus
Remarks.
Imported from
Australia
in
1933 in
a biocontrol program against
P
.
longispinus
, this species was released and established in southern California, and in conjunction with
T
.
peregrina
provided excellent control of the mealybug (
Bartlett 1978c
).
Pseudococcus comstocki
and
P
.
njalensis
are not proven hosts (see Methods). One specimen was reportedly reared from a
Protopulvinaria
species in Los Angeles County (UCRC), but this is probably a misidentification of the host.
spp.
Remarks.
Specimens from Alameda, Fresno, Santa Barbara and Stanislaus counties (EMEC, RLZC, SBMN) represent an undescribed species, and single specimens from San Diego (UCRC) and Marin (RLZC) represent two additional species.