Taxonomic revision of the Phanaeus endymion species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with the descriptions of five new species Author Moctezuma, Victor B672EF02-4113-480E-B297-F0158D11DF4A 0000-0002-4532-0302 Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico. abadonjvpm@hotmail.com Author Halffter, Gonzalo CF2EF74E-878A-4BC8-82A2-01F669049650 0000-0003-1430-7049 Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A. C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico. gonzalohalffter@inecol.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-04-28 747 1 71 http://zoobank.org/3f0b6eaf-c616-4865-811a-414a094b590c journal article 10.5852/ejt.2021.747.1333 aca67cc8-96ca-4f24-b8af-2b532ecd355c 2118-9773 4836744 3F0B6EAF-C616-4865-811A-414A094B590C Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A98B849A-4240-4DD3-9997-D0B3CB7B00C2 Figs 1O , 2K , 13 , 15 , 18P , 19P Diagnosis This is the only species within the P. endymion species group where major males show a pronotal disc with a superficially impressed midline ( Fig. 2K ). Etymology We are honoured to name the new species after Jerzy Rzedowski, to recognise his outstanding contribution to the knowledge of the Mexican biodiversity, particularly to the flora from El Bajío region. Tyepa material ( 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ ) Holotype MEXICO Michoacán ; “ Coalcoman . 24-VII-90 . Fungus. Terry Taylor col”; TAMU . Paratypes MEXICO Michoacán 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; TAMU 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; “ Villa Victoria . 31-VIII- 95 . 1550 m ”; VMC . Type locality Mexico , Michoacán , Coalcomán. Description Major male ( holotype ) Length 18 mm . HEAD. Clypeus bidentate, black on anterior margin, dark metallic blue-green on posterior portion, roughened sculpture. Genae dark metallic blue-green, with roughened sculpture. Front dark metallic blue-green on portions adjacent to cephalic horn. Cephalic horn black, curved posteriorly over pronotum ( Figs 2K , 13A ). PRONOTUM. Uniformly dark metallic blue-green, becoming completely black on and beneath lateral margins of posterolateral angles, and on posterior margin. Keel absent in the middle of anterior pronotal margin. Disc triangular, flat, with two distinctly developed tubercles on anterior portion. Triangle lightly granulate, with midline superficially impressed, scabriculous, impunctate. Sides with smooth sculpture, scabriculous, with superficially impressed punctures. Lateral lines of pronotal triangle straight. Posterolateral angles sharply acute, projected posteriorly. Lateral fossae distinctly impressed. Basal fossae obtusely oval, distinctly impressed. Posterior margin with superficially impressed punctures ( Figs 2K , 13A ). ELYTRA. Fine striae, dark blue-green, with superficially impressed punctures, scabriculous, impressed basally as distinct fossae. Interstriae black, scabriculous, partially roughened, with superficially impressed punctures. Sutural margin without apical tooth ( Fig. 13A ). PROTIBIAE. Quadridentate with apical spine. TERGITE VIII. Dark metallic blue-green, scabriculous; with rough, superficially impressed punctures. Basal margin with setae variable in size. GENITALIA. Right lobe of endophallite copulatrix more developed than left lobe. Right lobe obtusely triangular in shape, sharply acute frontally, rounded superiorly. Left lobe strongly developed, obtusely lobed. Central ridge more developed than central column ( Fig. 1O ). Minor male Unknown. Female Similar to the male, except for the head showing a cephalic trituberculate carina; with almost aligned, conical tubercles, similar in size tubercles; frons distinctly impressed, rough punctures; pronotal sculpture completely smooth, with superficially impressed punctures; colour of pronotum as in P. endymion ; pronotal process trituberculate, posteriorly concave; dentiform middle tubercle, strongly developed, more frontally projected than lateral tubercles; almost completely reduced lateral tubercles ( Fig. 13B ). Fig. 13. Phanaeus rzedowskii sp. nov. A . Holotype, ♂ (TAMU). B . ♀ (VMC). Variation Mean length 17.4 mm ( 16.5–18.2 mm ). Chromatic variation was not observed in the type series. Distribution Sierra Madre del Sur, southern Michoacán ( Fig. 15 ). Remarks This new species was previously confused with P. endymion ( Edmonds 1994 ) . Nevertheless, the distribution areas for P. endymion and P. rzedowskii sp. nov. are completely different, and they are easily recognized by external and genital morphology.