Do Morphological Similarities and human-induced dispersal explain the non-native occurrence of Serpulidae (Annelida) in Southwest Atlantic? Taxonomic detailing is the key
Author
Rodrigues, Andrielle Raposo
Author
Skinner, Luis Felipe
Author
Brasil, Ana Claudia dos Santos
text
Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia
2020
2020-01-31
60
1
15
journal article
10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.05
235382ad-a5c5-4928-a4ee-96247dfc26c3
1807-0205
3727860
Genus
Hydroides
Gunnerus, 1768
Hydroides dianthus
(
Verrill, 1873
)
(
Figs. 5
and
6
)
Serpula dianthus
Verril, 1873: p. 620
.
Serpula dianthus
var.
citrine:
Verril, 1873: p. 620
-621
.
Hydroides dianthus:
Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove, 2002
:
p. 143-147; figs. 23A-M, 24A-K, 28;
Bastida-Zavala
et al.,
2017: p. 25-28; figs. 4C, 5.
Examined material:
70 specimens
.
Rio de Janeiro State
,
Mangaratiba Municipality
:
Praia de Ibicuí
:
22°57′45.3″S
,
44°01′28.5″W
,
MNRJP2186
(
1specimen
)
.
Ilha
de
Itacuruçá
:
22°56′58.6″S
,
43°53′13.4″W
,
MNRJP2185
(
18 specimens
)
.
Praia de Muriqui
:
22°55′43.4″S
,
43°57′17.9″W
(
9 specimens
)
.
Ilha
dos
Martins
:
22°57′17.0″S
,
43°51′39.2″W
(
11 specimens
)
.
Ilha
de
Jaguanum
:
23°00′08.8″S
,
43°56′14.4″W
(
1 specimen
)
.
Rio de Janeiro State, Itaguaí Municipality
:
Ilha
da
Madeira
:
22°55′06.3″S
,
43°51′14.3″W
(
31 specimens
)
.
Description (based on 10 individuals collected from Madeira Island and Muriqui)
Tube:
Tube white both internally and externally (
Fig. 5A
), and circular in cross-section. Without longitudinal ridge, laterally with fine transverse growth markings (
Fig. 5A
); alveoli and peristomes absent. Attached to rocky shores, mollusc shells and artificial substrates such as PVC plates.
Radiolar crown:
Radioles arranged in semi-circles, with 14-16 radioles per lobe (
Fig. 5C
). Inter-radiolar membrane absent. External side of radioles smooth, internal side with two rows of pinnules of the same length (
Fig. 5C
). Terminal filament without pinnules. Stylodes absent. Eyespots absent. Base of radiolar crown exhibits a mixture of orange and yellow pigments, together with alternating bands of dark brown and white (
Fig. 5C
). In fixed animals, color is light yellow.
Peduncle:
Cylindrical, but with a constriction ill-defined at the distal end (
Fig. 5B
); proximal part a smooth narrow stem. Penduncle inserted left side. Pseudoperculum present, smaller, rudimentary and inserted right side. Length: mean = 1.2 (SD = 0.26; n = 10).
Operculum:
Bioperculated (
Fig. 5B
); funnel-shaped base with 30-33 radii and a pointed tip; verticil with 10 amber-coloured spines, four dorsal spines curving towards internal face of verticil; ventral spines smaller and with spinules on their external faces (
Fig. 5B
), without central tooth; without internal and lateral spinules. Diameter: mean = 0.33 (SD = 0.08; n = 10); Width: mean = 0.33 (SD = 0.06; n = 10).
Collar and thoracic membranes:
Tri-lobed, subdivided into one medio-ventral and two lateral lobes (
Fig. 5C
). Tonguelet absent. Latero-dorsal lobes extend to thoracic membranes with a short ventral apron. Two
types
of chaetae: limbate or bayonet-like with two blunt elongate teeth, distal blade smooth (
Fig. 6A
).
Thorax:
Seven chaetigers, six of which are uncinigerous; collar fascicle without row of uncini. Chaetae limbate (
Fig. 6B
), with two different sizes;uncini saw-shaped with 8-10 teeth including a gouge-shaped peg tooth (
Fig. 6C
).
Abdomen:
Total number of chaetigers varies from 31 to 83 (mean = 56; SD = 16.9; n = 10). Chaetae of anterior and mid-abdominal chaetigers trumpet-shaped; uncini saw-shaped, with 6-8 teeth including a gouge-shaped peg tooth (
Fig. 6D
). Posterior chaetigers with capillary chaetae.
Measurements:
Total length: mean = 6.2 (SD = 1.35; n = 10); Thoracic length: mean = 1.3 (SD = 0.34; n = 10); Thoracic width: mean = 0.57 (SD = 0.14; n = 10); Abdominal length: mean = 3.8 (SD = 1.2; n = 10).
Remarks:
There are 92 described species for the genus
Hydroides
(Sun
et al.,
2015)
, 13 of which have already been reported the Brazilian coast:
H. brachyacantha
Rioja, 1941
;
H. cruciger
Mörch, 1863
;
H. dianthus
;
H. dirampha
Mörch, 1863
;
H. elegans
;
H. gairacensis
Augener, 1934
;
H. norvegica
Gunnerus, 1768
;
H. parvus
(
Treadwell, 1902
)
;
H. plateni
(
Kinberg, 1867
)
;
H. sanctaecrucis
KrØyer
in
Mörch, 1863
;
H. similoides
Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove, 2002
;
H. lambecki
Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove, 2002
; and
H. uncinata
(
Philippi, 1844
)
(
Zibrowius, 1970
; Amaral
et al.,
2013; Schawn
et al.,
2016).
Among those, only
H. sanctaecrucis
could possibly be confused with
H. dianthus
,
by the presence of the ventrally curved spines at verticil. However,external spinules are present on the spines of
H. sanctaecrucis
,
wich are lacking in
H. dianthus
(
Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove, 2002
)
. All 10 verticil spines of
H. dianthus
are smooth, with four larger dorsal spines, and six smaller ventrally (Bastida- Zavala & ten Hove, 2002; Lewis
et al.,
2006).
Hydroides dianthus
was originally described for the eastern coast of the United States and from Cape Cod (Connecticut). The species occurs in eastern USA, northern Gulf of Mexico, Curaçao, along the Atlantic coasts of Europe and western Africa, Mediterranean Sea (Bastida- Zavala & ten Hove, 2002), and at Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro State) in Brazil (Sun
et al.,
2017). Here we include the occurrence of
H. dianthus
in Sepetiba Bay
(Rio de Janeiro State), with specimens collected in the intertidal zone, growing on rocks, gastropods, and piers, and co-occurring with other species of the same genus.
Habitat:
The species were found attached to rocky shores, mollusc shells and artificial substrates such as PVC plates.
Type-locality:
Connecticut (Great Egg Harbor to New Haven and Cape Cod), USA.
Distribution:
West Pacific Ocean: Japan (
Otani & Yamanishi, 2010
; Link
et al.,
2009); North Atlantic Ocean: Spain (
Zibrowius, 1983
); United Kingdom (
Otani & Yamanishi, 2010
; Link
et al.,
2009); France (Dauvin
et al.,
2003); Belgium; Mediterranean: Mediterranean (Zenetos
et al.,
2005; Zenetos
et al.,
2010); Adriatic Sea; Italy (Marchini
et al.,
2015; Corriero
et al.,
2016); Turkey (
Trott, 2004
); Greece (
Otani & Yamanishi 2010
; Link
et al.,
2009); East Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Guinea (Dauvin
et al.,
2003;
Read, 2018a
); West Atlantic Ocean, United States: Cobscook Bay (
Trott, 2004
); Gulf of Maine (
Otani & Yamanishi, 2010
; Link
et al.,
2009); Massachusetts (Marchini
et al.,
2015; Corriero
et al.,
2016); Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island; Chesapeake Bay, Virginia; Charleston, South Carolina; Jacksonville, Indian River, Biscayne Bay, Tampa Bay and Pensacola Bay, Florida; and Galveston Bay and Corpus Christi,Texas (Bastida-Zavala
et al.,
2017); Mexican Caribbean (
Read, 2018a
); West Atlantic Ocean: Cabo Frio, Brazil (Sun
et al.,
2017), Sepetiba Bay (current work).