Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Author
Savaris, Marcoandre
Author
Norrbom, Allen L.
Author
Marinoni, Luciane
Author
Lampert, Silvana
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-02-01
4551
3
299
329
journal article
27598
10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3
ae9d8467-6c08-48f2-93b8-6b8039725bd7
1175-5326
2622924
0328F818-3527-4D59-87DC-B8E02258FBE3
Euarestoides pereirai
Savaris & Norrbom
,
n. sp.
Figs. 1
,
10–11
,
30–33
,
42
,
48
,
54
,
58
Euarestoides
sp.:
Prado
et al.
2002
: 1018 [distribution, host plants];
Savaris
et al.
2015
: 18 [distribution, host plant].
Diagnosis.
This species differs from all other species of
Euarestoides
in having the reticulation on the basal half of the wing reduced to isolated gray or pale brown spots (
Figs. 10–11
). It further differs from
E. bimaculatus
and
E. rionegrensis
in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from
E. abstersus
,
E. acutangulus
and
E. dreisbachi
in having a distinct dark spot in cell r
4+5
within the subapical stellate mark (
Figs. 10–11
) and the acrophallus of the glans without an apical lobe (
Fig. 54
). It further differs from
E. acutangulus
and
E. dreisbachi
in having the apical ray in cell r
1
broad, similar to the subapical ray, and it differs from
E. abstersus
in having the darker border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m reaching the costa subapically in the pterostigma (the pterostigma with a small hyaline spot between the dark border and the apex of vein R
1
), the aculeus lateral margin not serrate, and the medial prensiseta strongly curved (
Fig. 42
).
Description.
Body length
2.36–2.71 mm
, mostly yellow to brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown (
Fig. 1
).
Head: Slightly higher (
0.60–0.74 mm
) than long (
0.48–0.56 mm
). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (
0.31–0.34 mm
) less than width at vertex (
0.36–0.39 mm
), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (
0.31–0.36 mm
). Gena with few small setulae acuminate, pale brown on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.17–0.23. Eye ovoid, long diameter
0.49–0.63 mm
, width
0.46–0.51 mm
. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere more long than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 2-3 distinct acuminate setulae.
Thorax: Length
0.94–1.09 mm
, ground color of scutum dark brown, of scutellum brown dorsally and yellow lateral and ventral.
Wing (
Figs. 10–11
): Length
2.40–3.23 mm
, width
0.82–1.18 mm
. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m mostly hyaline with few brown or gray spots, with complete darker border along anterodistal margin crossing of pterostigma ending anteriorly on costal vein; rest of pterostigma hyaline. Cell r
1
with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R
4+5
; second mark triangular, extended almost to vein R
2+3
; and small triangular or quadrate subapical mark not reaching vein R
2+3
. Cell r
2+3
with 2 marginal hyaline spots (with complete medial dark ray). Cell r
4+5
with hyaline spot bordering crossvein r-m oblong reaching veins R
4+5
and M
1
; apical rays complete, narrowly apically (slightly wider distally than basally); distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R
4+5
near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m small, no more than half width of cell. Cell dm with subapical ray arising from basal area of crossvein r-m. Cells bm, cu
a
and m
4
and anal lobe with few pale brown to gray spots usually not connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m
1
all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m
1
reaching vein M
1
(first ray and ray on dmm not connected).Halter whitish to yellow.
Legs: Entirely yellow.
Abdomen: Ground color dark brown.
Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length
0.83–0.94 mm
, width
0.60–0.68 mm
at base and
0.20–0.22 mm
at apex; with evenly distributed white setulae. Eversible membrane (
Fig. 30
) length 0.98–1.00 mm. Aculeus (
Fig. 31
) pale brown, length 1.00–
1.02 mm
, tip triangular, length
0.14–0.16 mm
, with lateral margin nonserrate (
Fig. 32
). Spermathecae (
Fig. 33
) subspherical length
0.11–0.12 mm
.
Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus with apex distinct sclerotized (
Figs. 42
,
48
). Medial surstylus with prensisetae subequal and medial prensiseta distinctly curved; lateral prensiseta ca. ¾ as long as medial prensiseta (
Fig. 42
). Phallapodeme
0.37–0.39 mm
long, mostly dark brown. Glans
0.26–0.28 mm
long, without apical lobe (
Fig. 54
); vesica very short.
Distribution.
Neotropical.
Brazil
(
Bahia
,
Minas Gerais
,
Paraná
,
Rio de Janeiro
,
Rio Grande do Sul
,
Santa Catarina
,
São Paulo
) (
Fig. 58
). Elevational records range from
610 to
822 m
.
Biology.
This species has been reared from flowerheads of
Moquiniastrum densicephalum
(Cabrera) G. Sancho
and
Moquiniastrum hatschbachii
(Cabrera) G. Sancho.
Savaris
et al
. (2015)
reported that it breeds in
Moquiniastrum polymorphum
(Less.) G. Sancho (Gochnatieae)
and
Prado
et al
. (2002)
in
Moquiniastrum barrosoae
(Cabrera) G. Sancho
,
Moquiniastrum floribundum
(Cabrera) G. Sancho
and
Richterago discoidea
(Less.) Kuntze.
Adults have been collected in February, March, September and October.
Type data.
The
holotype
male
is labeled “
BRASIL
: S[ão] P[aulo],
Votorantim
,
SP
0 79, km 103,
28.ii.2014
,
23°36'31.51"S
,
47°28'02.52"O
,
738 m
, Rede entomol.,
M. Savaris
” / “
HOLOTYPE
♂
Euarestoides pereirai
Savaris & Norrbom” [red] / “
USNMENT00118524
” [plastic bar code label]. The holotype is double mounted (minuten), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the DZUP
.
Paratypes
: same data as holotype,
6♂
3♀
(
USNM
USNMENT00262496–97
,
USNMENT00118517
,
DZUP
USNMENT00118519–23
,
USNMENT 00119507
)
.
BRASIL
.
Bahia
:
Palmeiras
,
12°30'25.20"S
41°34'46.49"W
,
822 m
,
1 Oct 2012
,
Luminosa
,
A. M. Silva-Neto
,
1♂
(
DZUP
USNMENT00262504
)
.
Minas Gerais
:
Diamantina
,
São João da Chapada
,
Serra da Guiné
,
18°6.6'S
43°44.08'W
,
7 Sep 1996
,
Lewinsohn
,
Prado
,
Santos
,
Silva
, PIC96683,
1♂
(
USNM
)
7♂
13♀
(
ZUEC
)
.
Joaquim Felício
,
Serra do Cabral
, cerrado,
17°43.56'S
44°11.17'W
,
3 Sep 1996
,
Lewinsohn
,
Prado
,
Santos
,
Silva
, PIC96624,
1♀
(
USNM
)
13♂
22♀
(
ZUEC
)
;
Serra do Cabral
,
Fazenda da Onça
,
17°42.02'S
44°13.77'W
,
17 Jul 1995
,
T. Lewinsohn
,
P. Prado
,
B. Buys
, V.
Motta
, PIC95290,
4♂
1♀
(
ZUEC
)
.
Santana do Riacho
,
Serra do Cipó
,
19°13.91"S
43°30.37"W
,
26 Jul 1995
, PIC95447,
T. Lewinsohn
,
P. Prado
,
B. Buys
,
V. Motta
,
6♂
2♀
(
ZUEC
)
;
Santana do Riacho
,
Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó
, trilha alta, WP-181,
19.36005°S
43.60734°W
,
831 m
, emerged
28 Sep 2016
, reared ex flowerheads of
Moquiniastrum densicephalum
(Cabrera) G. Sancho
(BOT-069), coll.
11 Sep 2016
, M.
Savaris
, S.
Lampert
,
A. L. Norrbom
,
L. Wendt
,
1♀
(
ESALQ
ESALQ6936-1
)
;
Santana do Riacho
, MG-10, at stream crossing with old bridge, WP 185,
19.29114°S
43.56866°W
,
1226 m
, emerged
25 Sep 2016
, reared ex flowerheads of
Moquiniastrum hatschbachii
(Cabrera) G. Sancho
(BOT-084), coll.
12 Sep 2016
, M.
Savaris
, S.
Lampert
,
A. L. Norrbom
,
L. Wendt
,
1♂
2♀
(
ESALQ
ESALQ6936-2
–
4
)
.
Paraná
:
Colombo
:
Jardim Belo Rincão
, WP-201,
25°22'20.51"S
49°8'29.79"W
,
947 m
,
15 Oct 2016
, sweeping,
M. Savaris
,
S. Lampert
,
1♂
1♀
(
MSPC
USNMENT
01232003
–04)
.
Rio de Janeiro
:
Marich
, acesso a
Barra
,
4 Mar 1986
, ex capitula
Moquiniastrum polymorphum
(Less.) G. Sancho
(17002), TLT 170,
T. M. Lewinsohn
,
R. F. Monteiro
,
2♂
(
USNM
)
.
Rio Grande do Sul
:
Passo Fundo
,
28°14'29.88"S
52°27'28.70"W
,
610 m
,
8 Mar 2009
, reared from flowerheads of
Moquiniastrum polymorphum
(Less.) G. Sancho, M. Savaris
,
1♂
(
MUZAR
USNMENT00119506
)
;
Passo Fundo
,
28°14'30.23"S
52°27'35.64"W
,
13 Feb 2009
,
M. Savaris
,
2♀
(
DZUP
USNMENT00118535–36
)
1♀
(
USNM
USNMENT00118532
)
.
Santa Catarina
:
Nova Teutônia
27°11'S
52°23'W
,
300-500 m
,
13 Oct 1961
,
Fritz Plaumann
,
1♀
(
CNC
)
.
Etymology.
This species is named to honor Paulo Roberto Valle da Silva Pereira, a Brazilian research entomologist and early mentor of the senior author.