Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae) Author Savaris, Marcoandre Author Norrbom, Allen L. Author Marinoni, Luciane Author Lampert, Silvana text Zootaxa 2019 2019-02-01 4551 3 299 329 journal article 27598 10.11646/zootaxa.4551.3.3 ae9d8467-6c08-48f2-93b8-6b8039725bd7 1175-5326 2622924 0328F818-3527-4D59-87DC-B8E02258FBE3 Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom , n. sp. Figs. 1 , 10–11 , 30–33 , 42 , 48 , 54 , 58 Euarestoides sp.: Prado et al. 2002 : 1018 [distribution, host plants]; Savaris et al. 2015 : 18 [distribution, host plant]. Diagnosis. This species differs from all other species of Euarestoides in having the reticulation on the basal half of the wing reduced to isolated gray or pale brown spots ( Figs. 10–11 ). It further differs from E. bimaculatus and E. rionegrensis in having a completely darkened border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. abstersus , E. acutangulus and E. dreisbachi in having a distinct dark spot in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark ( Figs. 10–11 ) and the acrophallus of the glans without an apical lobe ( Fig. 54 ). It further differs from E. acutangulus and E. dreisbachi in having the apical ray in cell r 1 broad, similar to the subapical ray, and it differs from E. abstersus in having the darker border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m reaching the costa subapically in the pterostigma (the pterostigma with a small hyaline spot between the dark border and the apex of vein R 1 ), the aculeus lateral margin not serrate, and the medial prensiseta strongly curved ( Fig. 42 ). Description. Body length 2.36–2.71 mm , mostly yellow to brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown ( Fig. 1 ). Head: Slightly higher ( 0.60–0.74 mm ) than long ( 0.48–0.56 mm ). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle dark brown, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length ( 0.31–0.34 mm ) less than width at vertex ( 0.36–0.39 mm ), slightly narrowed to anterior margin ( 0.31–0.36 mm ). Gena with few small setulae acuminate, pale brown on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.17–0.23. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.49–0.63 mm , width 0.46–0.51 mm . Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere more long than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 2-3 distinct acuminate setulae. Thorax: Length 0.94–1.09 mm , ground color of scutum dark brown, of scutellum brown dorsally and yellow lateral and ventral. Wing ( Figs. 10–11 ): Length 2.40–3.23 mm , width 0.82–1.18 mm . Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m mostly hyaline with few brown or gray spots, with complete darker border along anterodistal margin crossing of pterostigma ending anteriorly on costal vein; rest of pterostigma hyaline. Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5 ; second mark triangular, extended almost to vein R 2+3 ; and small triangular or quadrate subapical mark not reaching vein R 2+3 . Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline spots (with complete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with hyaline spot bordering crossvein r-m oblong reaching veins R 4+5 and M 1 ; apical rays complete, narrowly apically (slightly wider distally than basally); distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m small, no more than half width of cell. Cell dm with subapical ray arising from basal area of crossvein r-m. Cells bm, cu a and m 4 and anal lobe with few pale brown to gray spots usually not connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline mark in cell m 1 reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dmm not connected).Halter whitish to yellow. Legs: Entirely yellow. Abdomen: Ground color dark brown. Female terminalia: Oviscape yellow, length 0.83–0.94 mm , width 0.60–0.68 mm at base and 0.20–0.22 mm at apex; with evenly distributed white setulae. Eversible membrane ( Fig. 30 ) length 0.98–1.00 mm. Aculeus ( Fig. 31 ) pale brown, length 1.00– 1.02 mm , tip triangular, length 0.14–0.16 mm , with lateral margin nonserrate ( Fig. 32 ). Spermathecae ( Fig. 33 ) subspherical length 0.11–0.12 mm . Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus with apex distinct sclerotized ( Figs. 42 , 48 ). Medial surstylus with prensisetae subequal and medial prensiseta distinctly curved; lateral prensiseta ca. ¾ as long as medial prensiseta ( Fig. 42 ). Phallapodeme 0.37–0.39 mm long, mostly dark brown. Glans 0.26–0.28 mm long, without apical lobe ( Fig. 54 ); vesica very short. Distribution. Neotropical. Brazil ( Bahia , Minas Gerais , Paraná , Rio de Janeiro , Rio Grande do Sul , Santa Catarina , São Paulo ) ( Fig. 58 ). Elevational records range from 610 to 822 m . Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Moquiniastrum densicephalum (Cabrera) G. Sancho and Moquiniastrum hatschbachii (Cabrera) G. Sancho. Savaris et al . (2015) reported that it breeds in Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (Gochnatieae) and Prado et al . (2002) in Moquiniastrum barrosoae (Cabrera) G. Sancho , Moquiniastrum floribundum (Cabrera) G. Sancho and Richterago discoidea (Less.) Kuntze. Adults have been collected in February, March, September and October. Type data. The holotype male is labeled “ BRASIL : S[ão] P[aulo], Votorantim , SP 0 79, km 103, 28.ii.2014 , 23°36'31.51"S , 47°28'02.52"O , 738 m , Rede entomol., M. Savaris ” / “ HOLOTYPE Euarestoides pereirai Savaris & Norrbom” [red] / “ USNMENT00118524 ” [plastic bar code label]. The holotype is double mounted (minuten), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the DZUP . Paratypes : same data as holotype, 6♂ 3♀ ( USNM USNMENT00262496–97 , USNMENT00118517 , DZUP USNMENT00118519–23 , USNMENT 00119507 ) . BRASIL . Bahia : Palmeiras , 12°30'25.20"S 41°34'46.49"W , 822 m , 1 Oct 2012 , Luminosa , A. M. Silva-Neto , 1♂ ( DZUP USNMENT00262504 ) . Minas Gerais : Diamantina , São João da Chapada , Serra da Guiné , 18°6.6'S 43°44.08'W , 7 Sep 1996 , Lewinsohn , Prado , Santos , Silva , PIC96683, 1♂ ( USNM ) 7♂ 13♀ ( ZUEC ) . Joaquim Felício , Serra do Cabral , cerrado, 17°43.56'S 44°11.17'W , 3 Sep 1996 , Lewinsohn , Prado , Santos , Silva , PIC96624, 1♀ ( USNM ) 13♂ 22♀ ( ZUEC ) ; Serra do Cabral , Fazenda da Onça , 17°42.02'S 44°13.77'W , 17 Jul 1995 , T. Lewinsohn , P. Prado , B. Buys , V. Motta , PIC95290, 4♂ 1♀ ( ZUEC ) . Santana do Riacho , Serra do Cipó , 19°13.91"S 43°30.37"W , 26 Jul 1995 , PIC95447, T. Lewinsohn , P. Prado , B. Buys , V. Motta , 6♂ 2♀ ( ZUEC ) ; Santana do Riacho , Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó , trilha alta, WP-181, 19.36005°S 43.60734°W , 831 m , emerged 28 Sep 2016 , reared ex flowerheads of Moquiniastrum densicephalum (Cabrera) G. Sancho (BOT-069), coll. 11 Sep 2016 , M. Savaris , S. Lampert , A. L. Norrbom , L. Wendt , 1♀ ( ESALQ ESALQ6936-1 ) ; Santana do Riacho , MG-10, at stream crossing with old bridge, WP 185, 19.29114°S 43.56866°W , 1226 m , emerged 25 Sep 2016 , reared ex flowerheads of Moquiniastrum hatschbachii (Cabrera) G. Sancho (BOT-084), coll. 12 Sep 2016 , M. Savaris , S. Lampert , A. L. Norrbom , L. Wendt , 1♂ 2♀ ( ESALQ ESALQ6936-24 ) . Paraná : Colombo : Jardim Belo Rincão , WP-201, 25°22'20.51"S 49°8'29.79"W , 947 m , 15 Oct 2016 , sweeping, M. Savaris , S. Lampert , 1♂ 1♀ ( MSPC USNMENT 01232003 –04) . Rio de Janeiro : Marich , acesso a Barra , 4 Mar 1986 , ex capitula Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (17002), TLT 170, T. M. Lewinsohn , R. F. Monteiro , 2♂ ( USNM ) . Rio Grande do Sul : Passo Fundo , 28°14'29.88"S 52°27'28.70"W , 610 m , 8 Mar 2009 , reared from flowerheads of Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho, M. Savaris , 1♂ ( MUZAR USNMENT00119506 ) ; Passo Fundo , 28°14'30.23"S 52°27'35.64"W , 13 Feb 2009 , M. Savaris , 2♀ ( DZUP USNMENT00118535–36 ) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00118532 ) . Santa Catarina : Nova Teutônia 27°11'S 52°23'W , 300-500 m , 13 Oct 1961 , Fritz Plaumann , 1♀ ( CNC ) . Etymology. This species is named to honor Paulo Roberto Valle da Silva Pereira, a Brazilian research entomologist and early mentor of the senior author.