Systematics and Phylogeny of the Australian Cicada Genus Pauropsalta Goding and Froggatt, 1904 and Allied Genera (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini)
Author
Owen, Christopher L.
Author
Moulds, Max S.
text
Records of the Australian Museum
2016
2016-10-26
68
4
117
200
http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1598
journal article
10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1598
2201-4349
5238225
FB201E0E-2056-45B2-A1F7-1FF27727024A
Pauropsalta extrema
(
Distant, 1892
)
Fig. 21
, Pl. 3
Melampsalta extrema
Distant, 1892: 323–324
.
Pauropsalta extrema
(Distant)
. Goding & Froggatt, 1904: 619;
Ewart, 1989: 300–301
;
Moulds, 1990: 132–133
;
Owen
et al.
, 2015: 261
, 272.
Previously, the identity of
Pauropsalta extrema
erroneously included an undescribed species. True
Pau. extrema
is a species confined to localities west of the Great Sandy Desert in
Western Australia
, while those individuals previously considered to be
Pau. extrema
from east of the Great Sandy Desert clearly differ from
Pau. extrema
in the male genitalia and song and consequently are here recognized as
Pau. similis
n.sp.
True
Pau
.
extrema
can be documented as follows.
Material examined
.
Lectotype
male,
Roebourne
N.W.Aust. Saunders
,
Distant
coll. 1911-383; designated by
Ewart (1989: 300)
(
NHM
), and specimens from the following localities:
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
:
Fortescue R.
,
Hamersley Rg
; (
MV
).
Millstream
;
0.5 km
WNW of Millstream
;
2 km
ENE of Millstream Hsd
;
Mt Tom Price
;
Mt Newman
(
JM
).
House Ck
, c.
60 km
E of Nanutarra
roadhouse,
22°32.646'S
115°29.981'E
;
Nanutarra
roadhouse,
22°32.646'S
115°29.981'E
;
54 km
NW of Paraburdoo
,
22°57.687'S
117°19.925'E
;
Minilya River
x-ing,
23°49.108'S
114°0.483'E
;
66.5 km
N of Murchison Roadhouse
,
26°19.884'S
116°0.3'E
;
100 km
N of Murchison Roadhouse
, nr
Byro Hsd
,
26°05.146'S
116°09.516'E
;
Marble Bar
;
Millstream
,
Fortescue R.
,
S of Roebourne
;
Sherlock R.
;
Yule R.
, approx.
160 km
S of Port Hedland
(
MSM
&
WAM
).
Fortescue R.
,
Hamersley Rg
(
SAM
);
1♂
(molecular voucher 06.AU.WA.SFR.01; GenBank accessions:
KM377099
,
KM377369
,
KM377424
,
KM668301
),
Sandfire Roadhouse on Great Northern Hwy
, -19.771° 121.092°,
9.ii.2006
, Hill, Marshall, and Moulds (
UCS
).
Figure 21.
Pauropsalta extrema
(A)
male genitalia, lateral view (genitalia prep PAU 26);
(B)
male genitalia, ventral view (genitalia prep PAU 26);
(C)
waveform of male calling song recorded from west side of Roebourne, WA;
(D)
spectrogram of male calling song;
(E)
species distribution map
Distribution
(
Fig. 21
). Northwestern
Western Australia
, for the most part between the Murchison and De Grey Rivers. It occurs in both coastal districts (e.g., Roebourne,
type
locality) and inland as far as Newman and Byro Station (some
200 km
inland from Shark Bay) (K. Hill and D. Marshall). The occurrence of the species at Sandfire roadhouse, about half way between Broome and Port Hedland and well within the Great Sandy Desert (Hill, Marshall and Moulds), is probably due to an accidental introduction with cultivated eucalypts and the species is considered unlikely to occur there naturally. Adults have been taken from late December to early March but the species almost certainly will be found to occur in other months, both before and after these dates.
Habitat
. Usually on the upper branches or trunks of eucalypts growing along rivers, watercourses or in wellwatered gardens.
Distinguishing features
Size, colour and markings are indistinguishable from those of
Pau. similis
. However, males can be separated from
Pau. similis
by the shape of the distal end of the endotheca; that of
Pau. extrema
bears wing-like flanges that extend laterally beyond the shaft of the endotheca (
Fig. 21
). In contrast, the distal end of the endotheca of
Pau. similis
is bi-lobed with the lobes
not
spreading laterally beyond the shaft (
Fig. 28
). Females are indistinguishable morphologically and can only be identified to species by locality.
Song
(
Fig. 21
). A succession of buzz-like ticks followed by a longer buzz-like call, somewhat resembling the sound of typing followed by carriage return on a manual typewriter. The locals of Marble Bar call this species the Typewriter. The dominant song frequency ranges from 6–12 kHz.