The taxonomy of the American Ariadna Audouin (Araneae: Synspermiata: Segestriidae)
Author
Giroti, André Marsola
Author
Brescovit, Antonio Domingos
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-03-26
4400
1
1
114
journal article
30419
10.11646/zootaxa.4400.1.1
2b7bf048-65d5-4814-bbdb-59d53d15b00e
1175-5326
1207641
59CC08B8-5B13-42EC-943E-C930D7D0DD7F
Ariadna obscura
(
Blackwall, 1858
)
Figures 16‒17
,
71
Dysdera obscura
Blackwall, 1858
: 334
(Immature holotype from Pernambuco, Brazil, should be deposited in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, England, destroyed, according to
Beatty (1970: 480))
.—
Blackwall (1861: 446)
.—
Petrunkevitch (1911: 132)
.—
Bonnet (1956
: 1632).
Ariadora campinensis
Mello-Leitão, 1916
: 13 (♀ holotype from Campina Grande [07°13'50"S; 35°52'52"W], Paraíba, Brazil, T. Leitão leg., should be deposited in MNRJ 1471, lost).—
Mello-Leitão (1947: 234, Syn.)
.—
Bonnet (1955: 732)
.—
Moreira
et al.
(2010
: 61).
Ariadna gracilis
Vellard, 1924
: 160
, pl. 12, fig. 45 (♂ holotype from Caxias [04°51'32"S; 43°21'21"W], Maranhão, Brazil, should be deposited in Instituto Vital Brazil, lost).—
Bonnet (1955: 732)
.—
Beatty (1970: 479, figs 7, 28‒29, 33)
.—
World Spider Catalog (2018)
.—
NEW SYNONYMY
.
Ariadna taperae
Mello-Leitão, 1929
: 93
(
♀
holotype
from
Tapera
(
currently
:
Moreno
,
Bonança
) [
09°25'38"S
;
40°44'15"W
],
Pernambuco
,
Brazil
,
B. Pickel
leg., deposited in
MNRJ 41478
;
Syntypes
1♂
6♀
3 immatures, same data from the
holotype
, deposited in
MNRJ 1263
; all examined).—
Mello-Leitão (1947: 234, Syn.)
.
Ariadna conspersa
Mello-Leitão, 1941
: 256
(Immature holotype from Curitiba [25°25'47"S; 49°16'19"W], Paraná, Brazil,
10.I.1919
, F. Lange de Morretes leg., deposited in MNRJ 14087, examined).—
Beatty (1970: 483, as
nomem dubium
)
.—
NEW SYNONYMY
.
Ariadna obscura
—
Mello-Leitão (1943
: 233, Transf. from
Dysdera
; 1947: 234).—
Beatty (1970: 480)
.—
World Spider Catalog (2018)
.
Ariadna
taperana—
Bonnet (1955: 737)
.
Synonymy.
Beatty (1970)
hypothesized the synonymy of
A. obscura
and
A. gracilis
due to morphological characteristics described by
Blackwall (1858)
and
Vellard (1924)
, but did not confirm it due to the known distribution of both species, which despite of being recorded for the Brazillian northeast, also present records of
A. gracilis
for the State of
Amazonas
and
Peru
. In the present study, a wider distribution of
A. obscura
was found in comparison with the one presented by
Beatty (1970)
, extending from east of
Peru
and center of State of
Amazonas
, to the south region of
Brazil
. Furthermore, after the examination of
type
specimens designated by
Mello-Leitão (1929
;
1947
) and the original descriptions, it was observed that
A. gracilis
can be considered a junior-synonym of
A. obscura
, as well as
A. taperae
and
A. conspersa
, due to the macrosetae pattern of tibia I of females and the strong retrolateral apophysis in the metatarsi I of males, and also the same distribution area.
Additional material examined:
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
State:
Manaus
[
03°06'00"S
;
60°01'48"W
],
Rio
Tarumã-
Mirim
,
4♀
5imm.,
8.VIII‒6.IX.1987
,
H. Höfer
leg. (
SMNK 3093
)
;
Tefé
[
03°21'14"S
;
64°42'39"W
],
1♂
, 1919,
H.O. Parrish
leg. (
MCZ
46060)
;
Pará
State:
Without
specific locality,
Casa
,
12♀
,
Olevia
leg. (
NHM 949.20
)
; 10♀ 2imm. (NHM 97.9.20.1287‒1307);
Ilha de Marajó
,
Santo André
[
00°58'S
;
49°34'W
],
2♀
,
14.IV.1912
,
Bluntschili
leg. (
AMNH
);
Belém
[
01°27'21"S
;
48°30'16"W
],
5♀
1imm.,
VII.1954
,
N.L.H. Krauss
leg. (
AMNH
)
;
Piauí
State:
Castelo do
Piauí
[
05°19'19"S
;
41°33'10"W
],
3♀
1imm.,
21‒23.VII.2012
,
L.S. Carvalho
leg. (CHNFUPI
1586‒1589
)
;
Ceará
State:
Fortaleza, Bairro Benfica [
03°44'36"S
;
38°32'24"W
],
1♂
,
20.I.2008
,
S.C. Carvalho
leg. (
MPEG 11628
)
;
Fortaleza
[
03°47'08"S
;
38°33'06"W
],
Campus of Universidade Estadual do
Ceará
,
3♀
1imm.,
13.IX.2012
,
A.M. Giroti
leg. (
IBSP 165434
)
;
Rio
Grande do Norte
State:
Atol
das
Rocas
[
03°52'S
;
33°49'W
],
1♂
2♀
,
4.IX.1996
,
C.E. Almeida
leg. (
IBSP 12053
)
;
Paraíba
State:
Araruna
,
Parque Estadual Pedra da Boca
,
228m
(
06°27'16.5''S
;
35°40'45.5''W
),
3♀
,
1‒2.
VI.2012
,
I.L.F. Magalhães
&
J.L. Chavari
leg. (
IBSP 165436
)
;
Soledade
[
07°02'11"S
;
36°27'31"W
],
1♀
,
16.XI.1999
,
A.B. Kury
&
A. Giupponi
leg. (
MNRJ 6863
)
;
Juazeirinho
,
Planalto da Borborema
[
07°04'04"S
;
36°34'40"W
],
1♀
,
IX.1956
,
C. Gonçalves
leg. (
MNRJ 6427
)
;
Pernambuco
State:
without specific locality data,
3♀
(MACN-Ar 21367);
Bom Jardim
, proximidades da PE 0
90, 364m
(
07°50'03''S
;
35°37'39.5''W
),
2♀
3imm.,
29.V.2015
,
L.S. Carvalho
leg. (CHNUFPI 1621);
Buíque
,
Parque Nacional do Catimbau
(
08°28'46''S
;
37°18'55.74''W
),
1♀
,
9.IV.2012
,
I.L.F. Magalhães
et al.
leg. (
UFMG 11122
)
;
Tapera
(currently: Moreno, Bonança) [
09°25'38"S
;
40°44'15"W
],
1♂
,
B. Pickel
leg. (
MNRJ 14239
)
;
Bahia
State:
Mata de São João
(
12°31'49"S
;
38°17'57"W
),
Fazenda Caramujipe
,
1♂
, 2006,
C. Machado
leg. (
IBSP 85421
)
;
Salvador
[
12°58'16"S
;
38°30'39"W
],
Barra
,
1♀
,
IV.1992
(
IBSP 17596
)
;
Salvador
,
4♀
1imm.,
VI.1954
,
N.L.H. Krauss
leg. (
AMNH
);
Santa Brígida
[
09°47'17,3"S
;
38°15'42,4"W
], Povoado
de Colônia
,
342m
, 1♀,
21.V.2012
, I.L.F. Magalhães & J.L. Chavari leg. (IBSP 165435);
Una
[
15°17'36"S
;
39°04'31"W
],
Reserva Biológica do Una
,
4♀
,
13.IV.1998
,
A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (
IBSP 18283
; 18318)
;
Sergipe
State:
Laranjeiras
[
10°48'11"S
;
37°10'10"W
],
Caverna Aventureiros
,
1♀
,
25.VII.2011
,
C. Donato
et al.
leg. (
IBSP 165437
)
;
Laranjeiras
,
Gruta
dos
Orixás
,
1♀
,
12.XII.2010
,
C. Donato
&
P. Rocha
leg. (
IBSP 165439
)
; 1♀1imm.,
25.VII.2011
, C. Donato
et al.
leg. (IBSP 165440); Laranjeiras, Pedra Furada, 1♀,
28.XI.2010
, C. Donato
et al.
leg. (IBSP 165441); 1♀,
8.VI.2011
, C. Donato
et al.
leg. (IBSP 165438);
Espírito Santo
State:
Conceição da Barra
[
18°35'36"S
;
39°43'56"W
],
Itaúnas
,
1♀
3imm.,
I.1999
,
C.A. Rheims
leg. (
IBSP 20498
)
;
São Mateus
[
19°23'27"S
;
40°04'19"W
],
Reserva Florestal do Vale do Rio Doce
,
3♀
,
19‒25.VII.1997
,
A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (
IBSP 13016
)
;
Apiacá
[
21°09'14"S
;
41°34'04"W
],
Fazenda Santa Maria
,
1♀
,
5.IX.1986
,
R.L.C. Baptista
leg. (
MNRJ 6410
)
; 3♀,
5.X.1985
, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 6414);
Rio de Janeiro
State:
Bom Jesus de Itabapoana
[
21°08'02"S
;
41°40'48"W
],
Chácara São Luís
,
5♀
,
6.X.1985
,
R.L.C. Baptista
leg. (
MNRJ 6404
; 6418)
; 1♂,
15.VII.1986
(MNRJ 6408);
Mendes
[
22°36'31"S
;
43°43'58"W
],
3♀
(
MNRJ 1264
)
;
Nova Iguaçu
[
22°45'37"S
;
43°26'51"W
],
2♂
,
Bianc
leg. (
MNRJ 1279
/2061);
Pinheiral
[
22°30'46"S
;
44°00'03"W
],
3♂
,
Mello-Leitão
leg. (
MNRJ 1271
; 1272);
Parati
[
23°13'21"S
;
44°42'50"W
],
Centro
,
1♂
,
1.VI.1985
,
R.L.C. Baptista
leg. (
MNRJ 6401
)
;
São Paulo
State:
São Sebastião
,
Ilha de Alcatrazes
[
24°06'S
;
45°41'W
],
2♀
,
4‒6.VII.1998
,
M.E. Callefo
leg. (
IBSP 19490
)
;
Paraná
State:
Guaraqueçaba, Serra Negra [
25°09'56"S
;
48°25'59"W
],
4♀
4imm.,
A. Mayer
leg. (
MNRJ 2058
)
; 9♀ 1imm.,
VIII.1946
(MHCI 3375‒3382);
Santa Catarina
State:
Bombinhas
[
27°07'54"S
;
48°31'40"W
],
ARIE
Costeira de Zimbros
,
2♀
2imm.,
2.VIII.2011
,
A. Chagas
et al.
leg. (
IBSP 165442
)
; 1♀, A.L. Trivia & L. Malta leg. (IBSP 165443);
Bombinhas
,
1♂
,
23.XII.1988
,
M.A.L. Marques
leg. (
MCN
18135)
;
PERU
:
San
Martín Region
:
Mishqui-Yacu
, 1200
M.A.
S.L.,
20km
NE
Moyobamba
[
06°02'S
;
76°58'W
],
2♀
,
16‒24.VIII.1947
,
F. Woytkowsky
leg. (
AMNH
).
FIGURE 16.
Ariadna obscura
(Blackwall, 1858)
. Males from Fortaleza (MPEG 11628) (A‒B) and Mata São João (IBSP 85421) (C‒E): habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); right leg I, prolateral (C) and retrolateral view (D), arrowhead = lanceolated macroseta; right metatarsus I, ventral view (E), arrowhead = group of short distinct setae. Female from Fortaleza (IBSP 165434) (F‒I): habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral (G) view; left leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar: 1mm.
FIGURE 17.
Ariadna obscura
(Blackwall, 1858)
. Male from Mata São João (IBSP 85421) (A‒B): left palp, prolateral (A) and retrolateral view (B). Female from Una (IBSP 18283) (C‒D): Internal genitalia, lateral view (C); Anterior receptaculum, ventral view (D). Scale bar: 1mm.
Diagnosis.
Ariadna obscura
is similar to
A. tarsalis
,
A. arthuri
,
A. multispinosa
,
A. reginae
n. sp.
and
A. aurea
n. sp.
due to the morphology of the male metatarsi I (
Figs 16C‒E
,
32C‒E
,
38C‒E
,
54C‒E
,
56C‒E
) and macrosetae pattern of the tibiae I‒II of females, but differ by the presence of males with metatarsi I with a strong ventroretrolateral apophysis bearing a slender macrosetae, and other prolateral shorter with a seed-shaped macrosetae (i.e. globous base with pointed tip) (
Fig. 16C‒E
); females differ by presenting a short dorsal lobe and an expanded ventral lobe and glandular ducts plate, both lobes not sinuous (
Fig. 17C‒D
).
Description. Male (IBSP 85421).
Carapace and chelicerae orange (
Fig. 16A
). Endites orange; labium dark orange. Sternum orange, with darker margins (
Fig. 16B
). Palps light yellow (
Fig. 17A‒B
). Legs orange, with pairs I‒II darker. Femur, patellae and tibiae reddish. Tibia and metatarsus I‒II with dark pigment forming diffuse distal rings (
Fig. 16C‒E
). Abdomen light grey, darker dorsally (
Fig. 16A‒B
). Total length 4.92; carapace 2.68 long, 1.84 wide. Chelicerae projected (
Fig. 16A
). Palps: tibia slightly inflated, with the dorso-ventral diameter slightly larger than the bulb, bearing a slender prolateral macroseta; bulb small sub-rectangular, mid-portion and embolus of equal lengths; embolus tubular, curved and tapered (
Fig. 17A‒B
). Legs: robust and sparsely coated with setae (
Fig. 16C‒E
); tibia I with the one distal ventro-retrolateral macrosetae lanceolated (
Fig. 16D‒E
); metatarsi I with a group of short distinct setae in the proximal retrolateral region (
Fig. 16D
); tarsal brush of putative chemosensory setae present in legs I‒IV, but reduced in pair I. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I femur 3.32, patella 1.0, tibia 2.76, metatarsus 2.28, tarsus 1.04, total 10.4; II 2.96, 1.0, 2.64, 2.44, 0.8, 9.84; III 2.08, 0.84, 1.48, 1.56, 0.64, 6.6; IV 2.36, 1.0, 1.92, 1.72, 0.72, 7.72. Macrosetae: I femur D0-1-0-1-0-1-0-2/1-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0-1-0; tibia P1-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-0-0-1-0-1-0, vr1-1-3/1-1-1/0-1-0-1(lanceolated), r1-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus P0-0-0-0-0- 1(seed-shaped/apophysis)-0, vp1-0-0-0-0-0-1, vr0-0-0-1(apophysis)-0-0-1 (
Fig. 16C‒E
); II femur D0-1-0-1-0-1-0- 2-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp0-0-0-0-1-1-0, vr1/2-1-1-1-0-1-0, R1-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus vp1-0-0-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-0-0-1-0-1, R0-1-0-0-0-0-0; IV metatarsal comb with 3-4 macrosetae.
Female (IBSP 165434).
Carapace and chelicerae brownish orange (
Fig. 16F
). Endites, labium and sternum as in male (
Fig. 16G
). Palps orange, with reddish tibia and tarsus. Legs orange, with pairs I‒II darker. Tibia I and metatarsus I‒II reddish. Dark pigment forming distal diffuse rings in tibia and metatarsus I‒II (
Fig. 16H‒I
). Abdomen as in male (
Fig. 16F‒G
). Total length 8.32; carapace 3.73 long, 2.44 wide. Chelicerae not projected (
Fig. 16F
). Legs: robust and cloated with setae; legs I‒II with ventro-prolateral and ventro-retrolateral tibial macrosetae of similar size, and metatarsal macrosetae of different size (
Fig. 16H‒I
). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I, femur 2.88, patella 1.24, tibia 2.52, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 0.64, total 9.48; II, 2.56, 1.32, 2.32, 2.12, 0.6, 8.92; III, 2.16, 1.04, 1.56, 1.52, 0.64, 6.92; IV, 2.84, 1.36, 2.4, 1.76, 0.68, 9.04. Macrosetae: I, femur D0- 0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-1-2-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-1-1-1-1-1-0, vr1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1, R0-1-0-1-0-0-0; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1 (
Fig. 16H‒I
); II, femur D0-0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-1-0-0/1-0; tibia P0-1-0- 1-0-1-0, vp1-0/1-1-1-1-1-0/1-, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, R0-1-0-1-0-0-0; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 1; IV, metatarsal comb with 4 macrosetae. Internal genitalia: anterior receptaculum with short dorsal lobe (
Fig. 17C‒D
).
Variation.
Male (n=10): Total length 4.48‒6.24; carapace 2.64‒3.2 long, 1.84‒2.28 wide; femur I, 2.84‒3.52. Female (n=10): Total length 6.72‒9.84; carapace 3.44‒4.36 long, 2.44‒2.96 wide; femur I, 2.68‒3.2.
Distribution.
Northern to Southern
Brazil
, and
Peru
(
San Martín
) (
Fig. 71
).