Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae)
Author
Dijkstra, Henk H.
Author
Beu, Alan G.
text
Records of the Australian Museum
2018
Rec. Aust. Mus.
2018-05-23
70
2
113
330
http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670
journal article
10.3853/j.2201-4349.70.2018.1670
2201-4349
5299017
8084C
Pseudamussium challengeri
(E. A.
Smith
, 1891
)
Figs 26, 29A–B, 31A–B
Pecten challengeri
Smith
, 1891: 443
, pl. 35, fig. 25.
Chlamys (Veprichlamys) challengeri
(
Smith
)
.–
Iredale, 1929: 164
;
Rombouts, 1991: 34
.
Chlamys (Chlamys) challengeri
(
Smith
)
.–Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992: [20], pl. 8, fig. 46.
Veprichlamys challengeri
(
Smith
)
.–Raines & Poppe, 2006: 248, 249, upper figs; pl. 197, fig. 4.
Pseudamussium challengeri
(
Smith
)
.–Dijkstra & Marshall, 2008: 70, figs 59A–F, 60;
Spencer
et al
., 2009: 198
.
Type data
.
Lectotype
(pr: H 19.0 mm, W
18.4 mm
, D
4.6 mm
)
NHMUK
1889.2.13.1, herein designated;
paralectotype
(rv)
NHMUK
1889.2.13.2. Type locality: off Sydney,
34°13'S
151°38'E
, alive, 410 fathoms [
750 m
] (
Challenger
stn 164b).
Additional material examined
. —
AUSTRALIA
:
NEW SOUTH WALES
:
E of Cape Three Points
, 33°28'–
33°29'S
152°04'–
152°03'E
, dead,
457–476 m
(1 v, C.155816)
;
off
Broken Bay
, 33°32'–
33°34' S
152°06'–
152°05' E
, dead,
823 m
(1 v, C.123385)
;
E of
Broken Bay
, 33°32'–
33°38' S
152°0'–
152°04'E
, dead,
823 m
(1 v, C.310689)
;
off
Broken Bay
, 33°35'–
33°33'S
152°0'–
152°02'E
, alive,
823 m
(1 pr, C.343929)
;
off
Sydney
, 33°42' –
33°39'S
151°52'–
151°54'E
, dead,
457 m
(2 v, C.155830)
;
off
Sydney
,
34°05'S
151°43'E
, dead,
750 m
(1 v, C.339158)
;
SE of
Botany Bay
, 34°21'–
34°16'S
151°24'–
151°28'E
,dead,
421 m
(2 v,C.102825)
;
off
Port Kembla
, 34°39'–
34°35'S
151°15'–
151°17'E
, dead,
466 m
(1 v, C.140411; 1 v, C.140414)
;
off
Port Kembla
, 34°42'–
34°38'S
151°14'–
151°18'E
, alive,
498–521 m
(1 pr, C.135831)
;
off
Nowra
,
34°50'S
151°13'E
, dead,
550 m
(1 v, C.155801)
;
off
Shoalhaven Bight
, 34°54'–
34°50'S
151°14'–
151°15'E
, alive,
988–1006 m
(1 pr, C.155803)
;
E of
Brush Island
,35°28'–
35°33'S
150°50'–
150°47'E
,alive,
604 m
(1 pr,C.155798)
;
E of
Ulladulla
, 35°31'–
35°36'S
150°47'–
150°44'E
, dead,
549 m
(1 v, C.310687)
;
off
Brush Island
,
Batemans Bay
, 35°36'–
35°44'S
150°44' –
150°38'E
, dead,
549–586 m
(1 v, C.310688)
;
E of
Brush Island
, 35°44'–
35°40'S
150°38'–
150°41'E
, dead,
549 m
(1 pr, C.105420)
;
E of
Eden
, 36°56'–
36°58' S
150°20'E
, dead,
274 m
(2 v, C.155797)
;
E of
Eden
, 36°59'–
36°58'S
150°21' –
150°22.7'E
, dead,
716–900 m
(1 v, C.310686)
.
VICTORIA
:
SE of Gabo Island
, 37°48'–
37°37'S
150°13' –
150°16'E
, dead,
494 m
(1 pr, C.134357)
.
SOUTHAUSTRALIA
: off
Cape Martin
,
38°07'S
140°0'E
,dead,
667 m
(1 v,C.339157)
.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
:
Albany
,off
Bald Island
,
400–420 m
,
dead,trawled on sand and mud (2 v,
HM
);off
Albany
,35°23'33"–
35°24' 04"S
118°18'32"–
118°18'22"E
,dead,
748–776 m
(1 v,
WAM
S77661
)
.
Description
. Shell up to c.
25 mm
high, thin, weakly inflated, somewhat prosocline, higher than wide, inequivalve, inequilateral, anterior auricles larger and longer than posterior, umbonal angle c. 100–105°; cream-brown, interior slightly darker, glossy.
Both valves sculptured with about 10 unevenly spaced, rounded, scaly, primary radial costae, commencing c.
2 mm
below umbo, increasing by division into c. 20 (left valve) or 30 (right valve) scaly riblets near ventral margin; furrowing interior surface weakly, apart from short, prominent furrows around ventral margin; weak, irregular, commarginal growth costae and plicae also present. Pre-radial stage almost smooth; later with intercostal antimarginal microsculpture. Auricles with 4–6 scaly riblets, weak on posterior auricles, more prominent on anterior ones. Byssal notch rather deep, byssal fasiole broad. Functional ctenolium well-developed, with 5–6 teeth. Hinge teeth weak.
Dimensions
. Illustrated specimen: NSW, E of Brush Island,
604 m
(AM C.155798): rv: H 18.4, L
17.5 mm
; lv: H 18.1, L 17.0 mm; D
4.8 mm
.
Habitat
. Living in the bathyal zone on soft sediment, probably byssally attached to hard objects, as shown by its well-developed functional ctenolium. Present specimens alive at
498–1006 m
.
Distribution
. Australian temperate waters, from New South Wales (c.
33°S
) to South Australia (c.
38°S
);
Tasman
Sea and
New Zealand
(Dijkstra & Marshall, 2008: 71–72, fig. 60), as far south as SW of Cape Foulwind, NW South Island (
42°10.0'S
170°10.0'E
,
610 m
, 2 v, NMNZ M.05697).
Remarks
. The South African species
Pseudamussium gilchristi
(G. B.
Sowerby III, 1904
)
resembles
P. challengeri
in shape and colour, but lacks the intercostal antimarginal microsculpture, which is dominant in
P. challengeri
.
The macrosculpture of both
Pseudamussium challengeri
and
P. gilchristi
is extremely variable, ranging from the smooth undulated radial riblets characteristic of the
New Zealand
morph of
P. challengeri
to a more complicated sculpture of primary radial costae and secondary riblets, which are covered with spoon-shaped lamellae (Dijkstra & Marshall, 2008: 72).
Iredale (1929)
and
Rombouts (1991)
referred
Pseudamussium challengeri
to
Veprichlamys
Iredale, 1929
, presumably because the radial microsculpture is similar to that in
Veprichlamys
. However, the radial macrosculpture is much more variable than in
Veprichlamys
,
without the regular, even, narrow, widely spaced radial costae characteristic of
Veprichlamys
. This species more nearly resembles the
type
species of
Pseudamussium
,
P. peslutrae
(
Linnaeus, 1771
)
, in shape and convexity, in having weak radial sculpture, and in lacking commarginal microsculpture, at least in maturity (Dijkstra & Marshall, 2008: 72).