Marcusadorea, a new genus of lepralioid bryozoan from warm waters
Author
Vieira, Leandro M.
Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP 11600 - 000, Brazil & Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo Caixa Postal 11461, SP 05422 - 970, Brazil. E-mail: leandromanzoni @ hotmail. com
Author
Migotto, Alvaro E.
Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP 11600 - 000, Brazil
Author
Winston, Judith E.
Virginia Museum of Natural History, 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, VA 242112, USA. E-mail: judith. winston @ vmnh. virginia. gov
text
Zootaxa
2010
2010-02-01
2348
1
57
68
https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2348.1.4
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.2348.1.4
1175-5326
5307125
04034804-1BEF-4B18-B5B9-16988F5D4F98
Marcusadorea tubulosa
(
Canu & Bassler, 1928
)
n. comb.
(
Figures 12–15
,
18–19
;
Table 3
)
Holoporella
(?)
tubulosa
Canu & Bassler 1928: 147
, pl. 24, figs 1–6, text-fig. 33a.
Coleopora tubulosa
:
Winston 1986: 16
;
Montoya-Cadavid, Flórez-Romero & Winston 2007: 169
. Non
Coleopora tubulosa
Canu & Bassler 1925
.
Material examined.
USNM
7532;
Holoporella
(?)
tubulosa
(Cotypes)
; Gulf of Mexico and
Cuba
.
UFAL
0006;
Marcusadorea tubulosa
(Canu & Bassler)
; Coral Reefs of Pajuçara, Maceió,
Alagoas State
,
Brazil
,
9°40'49" S
,
35°43'05" W
,
0–3 m
, coll. M.D. Correia,
20 September 2006
, 1 encrusting colony.
UFAL
0016;
Marcusadorea tubulosa
(Canu & Bassler)
; Coral Reefs of Amores, Maceió,
Alagoas State
,
Brazil
,
9°40'40" S
,
35°42'10" W
,
0–5 m
, coll. M.D. Correia,
31 November 2006
, 1 encrusting colony.
UFAL
0021;
22 September 2006
, 1 encrusting colony.
MZUSP
0175;
0–3 m
, coll.
V
.
R
. Cedro,
17 October 2005
, 1 encrusting colony.
MZUSP
0176;
0–5 m
, coll. L.M. Vieira and M.D. Correia,
02 April 2007
, 1 encrusting colony.
MZUSP
0177; 1 encrusting colony (gold-coated specimen for SEM). MZUFBA 145;
Coleopora corderoi
Marcus
;
V
.E.S. Almeida
det.
, Costa do Dendê,
Bahia State
,
Brazil
,
13°31'25" S
,
38°48'38" W
,
45 m
, coll. J.M.L. Dominguez and
R
. Silva,
March 2002
, 1 encrusting colony. MZUFBA 146;
13°44'37" S
,
38°48'40" W
,
47.7 m
, coll. J.M.L. Dominguez and
R
. Silva,
March 2002
, 1 erect colony. MZUFBA 147;
13°59'48" S
,
38°55'34" W
,
16.6 m
, coll. J.M.L. Dominguez and
R
. Silva, 2002, 2 encrusting colonies.
Redescription.
Colonies encrusting, unilaminar, or erect cylindrical with bifurcated branches, about 1.5– 3.0 mm diameter, disposed in longitudinal irregular series around the axis, reddish-brown in color. Autozooids large (
0.911 mm
long,
0.684 mm
wide for Brazilian colonies), irregularly rectangular to oblong, separated by shallow grooves and distinctly raised lateral walls. Frontal shield convex, granular, irregularly porous, with numerous marginal areolar pores. Primary orifice widest in distal third, with a poster comprising two-thirds of a full circle, demarcated from the deep and broadly U-shaped anter by very short and blunt condyles. Primary orifice partly subcircular, bell-shaped, U-shaped anter and broader poster. No oral spines. Peristome tubular, proximally incomplete, forming a U-shaped pseudosinus. Secondary orifice rounded (
0.226 mm
long,
0.233 mm
wide in Brazilian colonies), proximally incomplete. Large proximal suboral avicularium (
0.233 mm
long,
0.094 mm
wide in Brazilian colonies) occasionally present, set obliquely on the side of the peristome, with the rostrum directed towards the proximal end of the pseudosimus, with curved spatulate mandible; rostrum oblong with rounded corners, slightly curving to outside, crossbar complete. Vicarious avicularia lacking. Ooecium prominent (
0.383 mm
long,
0.489 mm
wide in Brazilian colonies), subglobular, partly incorporated into frontal shield of distal zooid, with some medium-sized pores scattered across granular-tubercular surface; ovicell opening inside peristome. Ancestrula not observed.
TABLE 3.
Measurements (in mm) of
Marcusadorea tubulosa
(
Canu & Bassler, 1928
)
n. comb.
from Brazil.
Autozooid |
Secondary orifice |
Avicularium |
Ooecium |
length |
width |
length |
width |
length |
width |
length |
width |
N |
15 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
8 |
MEAN |
0.911 |
0.684 |
0.226 |
0.233 |
0.233 |
0.094 |
0.383 |
0.489 |
ST DEV. |
0.094 |
0.081 |
0.021 |
0.019 |
0.017 |
0.007 |
0.036 |
0.036 |
RANGE min |
0.791 |
0.587 |
0.161 |
0.198 |
0.210 |
0.086 |
0.309 |
0.432 |
Max |
1.097 |
0.816 |
0.247 |
0.266 |
0.266 |
0.105 |
0.432 |
0.531 |
FIGURES 12–15.
Marcusadorea tubulosa
(
Canu & Bassler, 1928
)
n. comb.
12–14
, MZUSP 0177, Alagoas, Brazil.
12
, Group of autozooids;
13
, close-up of autozooids, note the ovicelled zooid with avicularium;
14
, close-up of ovicelled zooid with peristomial avicularium.
15
, MZUFBA 146, Bahia, Brazil. Piece of erect colony.
FIGURES 16–19.
Internal view of
Marcusadorea
species.
16–17
,
Marcusadorea jamaicensis
n. sp.
; VMNH 13662 (Paratype), Rio Bueno, Jamaica.
16
, Frontal shield of two autozooids;
17
, close-up of orifice, note the barely projecting condyles.
18–19
,
Marcusadorea tubulosa
(
Canu & Bassler, 1928
)
; MZUSP 0176 Alagoas, Brazil.
18
, Frontal shield of two autozooids;
19
, close-up of orifice.
Remarks.
Marcusadorea tubulosa
is characterized by large zooids, approximately
1.20 mm
in length in Caribbean specimens (
Canu & Bassler 1928
), a thin-walled proximally incomplete peristome surrounding the orifice, and a large proximal suboral avicularium placed laterally on the rim of the peristome.
Canu & Bassler (1928)
noted that the budded zooids of
M. tubulosa
are distinct from those of other species of
Holoporella
Waters, 1909
(=
Celleporaria
Lamouroux, 1821
). They noted similarities with the peristome of
Coleopora
species
, which lack attachment marks around the operculum. They considered their material as an undetermined genus owing to the absence of ovicells and the growth mode of the colonies in which frontal budding is lacking occur. However, their plate clearly illustrates ovicells (
Canu & Bassler 1928
: pl. 26, fig. 6), the presence of which we confirmed by the examination of a
paratype
of
Holoporella
(?)
tubulosa
deposited in the
United States
National Museum (USNM 7532). The examination of this material also revealed that in some zooids there is a proximal suboral avicularium placed laterally on the peristome, occupying one third of it, and globular ovicells opening inside the peristome, as in the Brazilian material figured herein (
Figures 13– 14
).
Prior to the original description of the genus
Coleopora
,
Canu & Bassler (1925)
described the Austrian fossil species
Coleopora tubulosa
, later regarded by
David & Pouyet (1974)
as a junior synonym of
Coleopora insignis
(
Reuss, 1874
)
.
Teuchopora
sp.
recorded by
Banta & Carson (1977)
from
Costa Rica
resembles
Marcusadorea tubulosa
in general dimensions, frontal-shield formation, orifice, and the hemispherical aperture of ovicell opening into the base of the peristome, but it apparently lacks avicularia.
Among the
type
material of
M. tubulosa
were found erect colonies, comprising cylindrical bifurcated branches, figured by
Canu & Bassler (1928
: pl. 24, figs 1, 4–5).
Erect
cylindrical colonies have also been collected from
Bahia state
, northeastern
Brazil
(
Figure 15
).
The
detached erect colony has irregular to oblong autozooids, somewhat erratically disposed along the axis; the avicularia are unusual (
V
.
E.S. Almeida
pers. comm. 2009), as in specimens from
Albatross Station
2319 (
J. Sanner
pers. comm. 2009), and are infrequent, as in encrusting specimens collected in
Alagoas
.
Both
forms of colonies found in
Brazil
have similar-sized zooids, orifices and avicularia
.
Distribution.
West Atlantic –
Brazil
:
Bahia
and
Alagoas
states (present study); Colombian Caribbean (
Montoya-Cadavid
et al.
2007
); Gulf of Mexico and
Cuba
(
Canu & Bassler 1928
);
USA
:
Florida
(
Winston 1986
).