A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America
Author
Saarela, Jeffery M.
Botany Section, Research & Collections Services, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada; jsaarela @ mus-nature. ca & Author for correspondence
jsaarela@mus-nature.ca
Author
Peterson, Paul M.
Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 20013 - 7012, U. S. A.; peterson @ si. edu
peterson@si.edu
Author
Valdés-Reyna, Jesus
Botany Section, Research & Collections Services, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada; jsaarela @ mus-nature. ca & Departamento de Botanica, Univerisidad Autonoma Agraria " Antonio Narro " Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila 25315, MÉXICO; jvaldés @ uaaan. mx & Botany Section, Research & Collections Services, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada; jsaarela @ mus-nature. ca
jsaarela@mus-nature.ca
text
Phytotaxa
2014
2014-11-14
185
1
1
147
journal article
5187
10.11646/phytotaxa.185.1.1
4fc1902a-6bcc-45b9-9588-7cc7a150e063
1179-3163
10090001
12.
Bromus hordeaceus
Linnaeus (1753: 77)
.
Figs. 41
,
42
.
Bromus secalinus
var.
hordeaceus
(L.)
Linnaeus (1762: 122)
.
Bromus mollis
subsp.
hordeaceus
(L.)
Hiitonen (1933: 219)
. Type:—[icon] “
Gramen avenaceum pratense
, gluma breviore squamosa et villosa
” in Morison, Pl. Hist. Univ. 3: s. 8, pl. 7, f. 18. 1699 (
lectotype
designated by Smith in Cafferty
et al.
2000: 248, epitype LINN-93.7!, designated by Smith in Cafferty
et al.
2000: 248).
Bromus mollis
Linnaeus (1762: 112)
.
Serrafalcus mollis
(L.)
Parlatore (1840: 11)
.
Forasaccus mollis
(L.)
Bubani (1901: 386)
.
Bromus hordeaceus
var.
mollis
(L.)
Fiori (1923: 149)
.
Bromus hordeaceus
subsp.
mollis
(L.) Maire in
Emberger & Maire (1941: 943)
. Type:—EUROPE. (
lectotype
LINN-93.6!, designated by Smith in Cafferty
et al.
2000: 248).
Plants annual. Culms
7–110 cm
tall,
0.8–5 mm
wide at base, usually erect, sometimes ascending, bases sometimes decument, glabrous to sparsely pubescent below inflorescences; nodes 2–4, minutely to densely pubescent, hairs soft or stiff, up to
0.6 mm
long. Leaf sheaths moderately to densely pilose, hairs up to
1.2 mm
long; auricles absent; ligules
1–2.6 mm
long, glabrous or pubescent, erose; blades
2.2–18 cm
× 1–5.3(–7) mm, flat, adaxial surface densely pubescent with stiff hairs up to
1.2 mm
long, abaxial surface pubescent with dense hairs up to
0.3 mm
long or densely pubescent with stiff hairs up to
1.2 mm
long, margins smooth or serrulate. Panicles
2.5–14 cm
×
1–4 cm
, erect, sometimes lax, dense, sometimes reduced to a single spikelet, branches ascending to erect, 0.2–1.2(–3) cm long, usually shorter than spikelets, scabrous to pubescent, 1–4 spikelets per branch. Spikelets 1.3–2(–2.2) cm long, 6–11-flowered, ovate-lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, rachillas sometimes visible at maturity; glumes sparsely to densely pubescent, margins hyaline, midnerves scabrous; lower glumes
5.2–7 mm
long, oblong to ovate, 3–5-nerved, green along and between the nerves, apices acute; upper glumes
6–8.5 mm
long, ovate to elliptic, 5–7-nerved, green along and between the nerves, apices acute to obtuse; lemmas
7.5–9 mm
long, lanceolate, rounded over the backs, apices obtuse to truncate, often bifid, the cleft
0.3–0.7 mm
deep, 7–9-nerved, green along and between the nerves, nerves conspicuously raised, particularly distally, backs densely pubescent, hairs up to
0.3 mm
long, hyaline margins
0.3–0.6 mm
wide, often bluntly angled, awns
4–7.6 mm
long, arising
0.4–1.2 mm
below lemma apex, straight or slightly divaricate; paleas shorter than lemmas, backs glabrous, keels ciliate, cilia up to
0.3 mm
long; anthers
0.3–1.3 mm
long; caryopses
4−6 mm
long, terete in cross section to somewhat flattened. 2
n
= 28 (Ainouche
et al.
1999,
Lövkvist & Hultgård 1999
).
Distribution:
―Introduced. In México known only from Baja California (
Fig. 43
).
Bromus hordeaceus
is thought to be native to the Meditteranean basin (Smith 1986) and is now distributed widely in North America (
Pavlick & Anderton 2007
,
Saarela
et al.
2008
), Europe, Africa and
Australia
.
92
Phytotaxa
185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press
SAARELA
ET AL.
FIGURE 41.
Bromus hordeaceus
.
A. Inflorescence. B. Spikelet. C. Lemma. Illustration by C.T. Roché, reproduced from Barkworth
et al.
(2007) with permission.
Ecology:—
This species is commonly found in disturbed sites along roadsides and railways, open pastures and near cultivated fields; associated with
Aesculus parryi
Gray (1882: 200)
,
Dudleya pulverulenta
var.
arizonica
(
Rose 1923
)
Welsh (1987: 242)
,
Prunus
and
Hypochaeris glabra
Linnaeus (1753: 811)
. Elevation:
10–1475 m
.
Common Names:
―Soft chess, lopgrass, soft chess (English).
Comments:
―
Soderstrom & Beaman (1968)
reported
B. hordeaceus
(as
B. mollis
) only from Gadalupe Island in
Baja California
, suggesting that the species has expanded its range in
Baja California
since the late 1960s. This appears to be the first report of
B. hordeaceus
from
Baja California Sur
(based on
M. Domínguez León 407
3, collected in 2008). We do not recognize varieties in
B. hordeaceus
in North America (see
Saarela 2008
for discussion).
Specimens Examined:―
MÉXICO
.
Baja California
:
"Ciénega de las Juntas",
28 May 1993
,
Jaramillo
V
.,
Villegaas
G
. &
Domínguez
O
.
72
(
MEXU
);
1.5 km
NE
of Las Delicias
, ca.
17 km
Eof
Ensenada
,
31.9083°N
,
116.425°W
,
660 m
,
20 May 1979
,
R
.
Moran
27259
(
SD-102448
); arroyo
20 km
SE of San Vicente
,
31.1833°N
,
116.15°W
,
225 m
,
12 May 1978
,
R
.
Moran
25989
(
MEXU
,
SD-100843
); ca.
1 mi
Nof
Camalú
, [
30.85°N
,
116.07°W
],
120 m
,
26 March 1979
,
J
.
R
.
Reeder
&
C
.
G
.
Reeder
7114
(
MEXU
,
SD-116040
,
US
)
;
camino entre
el Sausal
y
San
Antonio de las
Minas
, al
Nde
Ensenada
, [
31.99°N
,
116.58°W
],
28 April 1981
,
R
.
Guzmán
M
.
1451
(
MEXU
);
Cañada
el
Islay
,
30.9917°N
,
116.1083°W
,
80 m
,
10 May 1978
,
R
.
Moran
25810
(
SD-100846
);
City of Ensenada
,
31.8703°N
,
116.5864°W
,
3 April 2007
,
F
.
Casillas
81
(
SD-182571
);
Coronado Islands
, on
NE
slope above
Hotel Cove
,
S
Island
,
32.5792°N
,
117.2458°W
,
100 m
,
7 May 1976
,
R
.
Moran
23103
(
RSA-POM-283847
,
SD-95678
);
Eof
Saladito
,
31.2583°N
,
116.1375°W
,
180 m
,
10 April 1982
,
R
.
Moran
30339
(
SD-110828
);
Entrada
a
San Telmo de Abajo
, [
30.96°N
,
116.1°W
],
90 m
,
27 May 1993
,
Jaramillo
V
.,
Villegas
G
. &
Domínguez
O
.
87
(
MEXU
);
Guadalupe Island
, at airstrip camp,
29.0203°N
,
118.2778°W
,
585 m
,
7 June 2000
,
J
.
P
.
Rebman
6813
(
SD-155060
);
Guadalupe Island
, en route between
NE
Anchorage
and spring, along
Wside
of first large valley, [
29.03°N
,
118.3°W
],
25 April 1958
, I.
L.
Wiggins
&
W
.
R
.
Ernst
105
(
SD-48320
);
Guadalupe Island
, slope above zigzags,
29.1583°N
,
118.2875°W
,
200 m
,
25 April 1958
,
R
.
Moran
6642
(
SD-47592
); in canyon, 1.0 km
SW of Rancho de la Cruz
,
31.9667°N
,
116.5917°W
,
360 m
,
2 May 1982
,
R
.
Moran
30493
(
SD-111351
); in field at SE
ATAXONOMIC REVISION OF
BROMUS
(POACEAE)
Phytotaxa
185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press
93
FIGURE 42.
Bromus hordeaceus
.
Moran 30418
(SD-111028).
94
Phytotaxa
185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press
SAARELA
ET AL.
edge of
La
Mesa
,
32.4667°N
,
116.9333°W
,
50 m
,
21 May 1977
,
R
.
Moran
24150
(
SD-97262
);
Islas de Todos Santos
,
S
landing, S
island,
31.8°N
,
116.8°W
,
11 May 1979
,
R
.
Moran
27198
(
SD-102482
); just
Nof
El López Portillo
, ca.
5 mi
Sof
Maneadero
, [
31.66°N
,
116.52°W
],
23 April 1984
,
P
.
M
.
Peterson
&
C
.
R
.
Annable
02185
(
US
);
La Misión
,
between Ensenada and Tijuana
, in arroyo bottom along
Sside
of river,
32.0908°N
,
116.8767°W
,
10 m
,
18 April 1998
,
J.
Rebman
,
P
.
Flanagan
&
La Misión Community Group
5089
(
RSA-POM-642759
,
SD- 144704
);
Las
Chichilhuas, on volcanic mesa
14 km
SE of La Misión
,
32.0083°N
,
116.75°W
,
350 m
,
24 March 1979
,
R
.
Moran
26769
(
SD-101903
); mesa near canyon rim
SE of La Misión
,
32.075°N
,
116.8333°W
,
250 m
,
20 April 1969
,
R
.
Moran
15792
(
SD-71542
);
Mpio. Ensenada
, "
Cuesta del Lechero
" km 35 carretera
Ensenada-Ojos Negros
,
31.9533°N
,
116.3928°W
,
700 m
,
15 May 1997
,
L
.
Aragón
M
.
566
(
MEXU
); Mpio.
Ensenada
,
Coronel Esteban Cantu
14 km
al
SW de La Joya
,
31.55°N
,
116.6167°W
,
100-570 m
,
7 May 1987
P
.
Tenorio
L
. &
C
.
Romero
de
T
.
13392
(
MEXU
); Mpio.
Ensenada
,
Ensenada
, [
31.87°N
,
116.59°W
],
10 m
,
21 April 1979
,
Miguel Montoya
5
(
MEXU
);
Mpio. Ensenada
, 12 kms del
Poblado de Sto. Tomás
, rumbo al
Ejido Nativos del Valle de Mexicali
,
32.37°N
,
116.95°W
],
260 m
,
8 April 1987
,
L
.
Elena López
100
(
MEXU-1110845
).
Mpio. Mexicali
,
Ejido Jacumé
km 78 carretera
Mexicali-Tijuana
, [
32.47°N
,
116.18°W
],
1260 m
,
12 May 1997
,
M
.
A
.
Vergara
B
.
83
(
MEXU
);
Mpio. Tecate
,
Santa Verónica
, [
32.46°N
,
116.36°W
],
930 m
,
26 May 1993
,
Jaramillo
V
.,
Villegas
G
. &
Domínguez
O
. 16
(MEXU);
Nedge
of
Tijuana
Airport,
32.5417°N
,
116.9833°W
,
150 m
,
8 June 1969
,
R
.
Moran
16060
(
SD- 71464
); on cleared flat back from low seabluff, 2.0 km
NNW of Primo Tapia
,
32.2333°N
,
116.925°W
,
10 m
,
17 April 1982
,
R
.
Moran
30418
(
SD-111028
);
Rancho
(solo)
Sierra Blanca
,
Sierra Blanca
,
32.075°N
,
116.525°W
,
675 m
,
15 May 1976
,
R
.
Moran
23170
(ASU-0010738,
SD-94850
);
Rancho San Faustino
, [
32.21°N
,
116.16°W
],
4 May 1981
,
A
.
Preciado
&
C
.
Aguirre
269
(
MEXU
);
Sside
of
Arroyo Santo Tomás
,
31.55°N
,
116.5833°W
,
30 m
,
25 April 1976
,
R.
Moran
22867
(
MSC-266305
,
SD-96759
);
San Antonio
de los
Buenos
, km 10 on old Tijuana-
Ensenada
road,
32.45°N
,
117.0167°W
,
250 m
,
29 April 1972
,
R
.
Moran
19102
(
SD-83044
);
San Isidoro
,
30.6667°N
,
115.5333°W
,
900 m
,
2 June 1975
,
R
.
Moran
22240
(
MEXU
,
SD-91712
); Sierra
San
Pedro Mártir, ex- Misión
San
Pedro Mártir,
30.8°N
,
115.45°W
,
1475 m
,
1 June 1975
,
R
.
Moran
22159
(
SD-91511
);
Sierra San Pedro Mártir
, in arroyo
NE
of
Mesa
el
Barrial
,
5.5 km
Wof
San José
,
30.9583°N
,
115.8°W
,
700 m
,
9 May 1978
,
R
.
Moran
25793
(
SD-100730
);
Valle
de la
Trinidad
, [
31.88°N
,
116.67°W
],
7 May 1981
,
V
.
Morales
C
. &
Aguirre
241
(
MEXU
);
Valle de Sierra de Ulloa
, rumbo al norte del Mpio.
Ensenada
, [
31.87°N
,
116.59°W
],
27 May 1987
,
V
.
Morales
58
(
MEXU
);
April 1979
,
s.c. 26
A
(
MEXU-1098009
); between
La
Humarosa [Rumarosa] and
Tecate
,
32.53°N
,
116.38°W
,
27 April 1981
,
A
.
A
.
Beetle
&
R
.
Alcaraz
M-6518
(
MICH-1119273
);
Canyon de Agua Viva
between Ensenada and Ojos Negras
, [
31.89°N
,
116.6°W
],
1 May 1981
,
A
.
A
.
Beetle
&
R
.
Alcaraz
M-6638
(
MICH- 1119272
).
Baja California Sur
:
Sierra de la Laguna
,
Cieneguita del Picacho
,
23.551°N
,
109.9926°W
,
1810 m
,
12 May 2008
,
M
.
Domínguez León
407
3 (
SD-188570
)
.
FIGURE 43.
Geographical distribution of
Bromus hordeaceus
in México.
ATAXONOMIC REVISION OF
BROMUS
(POACEAE)
Phytotaxa
185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press
95