Zagrammosoma buselus (Walker)

Perry, Ryan K. & Heraty, John M., 2021, Read between the lineata: A revision of the tattooed wasps, Zagrammosoma Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with descriptions of eleven new species, Zootaxa 4916 (1), pp. 1-108 : 33-35

Zagrammosoma buselus (Walker)

( Fig. 6 )

Cirrospilus buselus Walker, 1839: 96 . Lectotype ♀ designated by LaSalle & Schauff 1992: 23. Type locality: Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, coll. C. Darwin, 1835. Type depository: BMNH: NHMUK010370942.

Zagrammosoma buselus ; combination by LaSalle & Schauff 1992: 23.

Diagnosis. Zagrammoma buselus is characterized by a completely dark gaster, yellow mesoscutellum, and a medial, dark band on the mesoscutum that tapers to a point before reaching the mesoscutellum ( Fig. 6D, E ). This species is most similar to Z. flavolineatum but can be differentiated by the yellow mesoscutellum, whereas Z. flavolineatum has the mesoscutellum black laterally, with a yellow band in the center ( Fig. 16D, E ). Male Z. buselus have a dark gaster, whereas male Z. flavolineatum have posteriorly a dark medial patch on Gt 3 – Gt 6 ( Fig. 16E ). The wing patterns of each species are distinctive ( Fig. 6C versus 16C).

Description. Female - body length 0.97–1.86 mm. Metallic luster on body absent. Scape yellow with black stripe dorsally. Lower face with median stripe. Vertex with 2 stripes above compound eye. Gena posteriorly with broad dark band below compound eye, sometimes with central yellow spot. Occiput yellow with dark median band, sometimes band is bisected by a faint yellow stripe. Pronotum dorsally with broad median stripe, either interrupted or complete; laterally with 2 black stripes. Prepectus yellow with dorsal margin dark. Mesoscutellum yellow with broad median stripe tapering posteriorly. Propodeum all dark. Procoxa and mesocoxa yellow. Metacoxa mostly yellow, basally dark. Profemur and mesofemur yellow. Metafemur dark except at tips. Fore wing: basal band absent; cubital band present; parastigmal, stigmal, and postmarginal bands present, with perpendicular extension greater than length of stigmal vein; apical band absent; connection from parastigmal band to stigmal band present; connection from stigmal band to postmarginal band absent. Hind wing hyaline. Gaster dark.

Upper ocular sulcus present. Pedicel longer than wide. Funiculars symmetrical: first longer than wide (w:l = 0.67–0.77); second subequal or wider than long (w:l = 1.0–1.11).

Pronotum, in dorsal view, bell-shaped, wider than long (w:l = 1.46–1.52); 3–4 pairs of setae along posterior margin. Mesoscutum reticulate; without scattered setae; intermediate setae present. Mesoscutellum wider than long (w:l = 1.08–1.24); submedian grooves absent. Hind tibial spur distinctly shorter than basitarsus. Hind basitarsus longer than second tarsomere (bst:2 nd = 1.11–1.2).

Fore wing l:w = 2.12–2.58. Submarginal vein with 5–6 setae dorsally. Basal fold setose. Cubital fold setose. Admarginal setae present. Uncus originating on stigma by its own length or less from stigmal apex, or by more than length of uncus.

Male - as female, except: body length 0.8–0.97 mm.

Remarks. This endemic species is the most abundant of the three species of Zagrammosoma recovered in the Galapagos archipelago, with 236 specimen records compared to 22 of Z. multilineatum , and 9 of the other endemic species, Z. galapagoense . The body and wing patterns of Z. buselus make this one of the most distinctive species of Zagrammosoma .

Hosts. unknown.

Distribution. Neotropical: Ecuador: Galapagos Islands ( Fig. 7 ).

Etymology. Unknown, however, Walker (1839) named species in his monograph after ancient Greek, Roman, and Macedonian figures, some real, some mythological. The name Buselus is found in the “Orations of Demosthenes, against Macartus” (Demosthenes 43).

Type material examined. Lectotype: ECUADOR: Galapagos: Santiago Island , 405m, 0°14’26”S, 90°42’54”W, 8–17.x.1835, C. Darwin [1♀, BMNH: NHMUK010370942 ].

Additional material examined. ECUADOR: Galapagos: Fernandina Island, 10 km NE Cabo Hammond , 400m, 0°25’9”S, 91°34’52”W, 9.v.1991, J. Heraty, transition, H91-027 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT485706 ] . Isabela Island, Alcedo , 14km S. NE Playa, 1100m, 0°36’39”S, 90°40’2”W, 23.vi.1991, J. Heraty, scrub/pampa, H91-109 [2♁ 9♀, UCRC: UCRCENT447809–447819 ]. Cerro Azul, 3km E. Caleta Iguana, 200m, 0°59’56”S, 91°24’48”W, 25.v.1991, J. Heraty, decid. forest, H91-061 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT447807 ]. Cerro Azul, 3km E. Caleta Iguana, 300m, 0°57’40”S, 91°26’23”W, 20.v.1991, J. Heraty, pampa, H91-045 [3♁ 7♀, BMNH: NHMUK10370148 , 10370151 , UCRC: UCRCENT444411–444416, 498885, 498887]. Cerro Azul, 4 km E. Caleta Iguana, 300mm, 0°56’7”S, 91°27’30”W, 24.v.1991, J. Heraty, pampa transition, H91-060 [2♁ 3♀, UCRC: UCRCENT414295 , 447764–447767 ]. Cerro Azul, 5km E. Caleta Iguana, 400m, 0°59’15”S, 91°24’25”W, 24.v.1991, J. Heraty, pampa/ grass, H91-059 [4♁ 11♀, UCRC: UCRCENT337750 , 447750 , 447792–447800 , 447803–447806 ]. Cerro Azul, 7km E. Caleta Iguana, 600–700m, 0°58’10”S, 91°25’6”W, 23–24.v.1991, J. Heraty, pampa, H91-053 [4♁ 12♀, UCRC: UCRCENT447768–447782 , USNM: UCRCENT471434 ]. Cerro Azul, 7km E. Caleta Iguana, 600m, 0°58’15”S, 91°25’12”W, 20–25.v.1991, J. Heraty, pampa, Pan Trap, H91-055 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT447808 ]. Cerro Azul, 7km E Caleta Iguana, 600m, 0°58’15”S, 91°25’12”W, J. Heraty, grass pampa [2♁ 3♀, ANIC: UCRCENT238225 , CNC: CNC508704, UCRC: UCRCENT414294, 447801, 447802]. Cerro Azul, 7km E. Caleta Iguana , 700m, 0°58’10”S, 91°24’55”W, 20.v.1991, J. Heraty, pampa, H91-046 [10♁ 3♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444417–444427 , USNM: UCRCENT471433 , 471435 ]. Cerro Azul, 8km E. Caleta Iguana , 850m, 0°57’13”S, 91°25’28”W, 24.v.1991, J. Heraty, crater/grass, H91-054 [1♁ 9♀, ANIC: UCRCENT238222 , BMNH: NHMUK10370146 , CNC: CNC508705, 508706, UCRC: UCRCENT447783–447788 ]. Cerro Azul, 8km E. Caleta Iguana , 850m, 0°57’40”S, 91°24’59”W, 22.v.1991, J. Heraty, Crater/grass, H91-051 [1♁ 12♀, UCRC: UCRCENT447751–447763 ]. Cerro Azul, Caleta Iguana , 0m, 0°57’31”S, 91°26’24”W, 19–25.v.1991, J. Heraty, arid, Pan Trap, H91-058 [3♀, UCRC: UCRCENT447789–447791 ]. Sierra Negra, 991m, 0°48’56”S, 91°05’16”W, 15–27.iv.1986, S. Agedrabbo [1♀, CNC: CNC508703 ]. Santa Cruz Island, 3 km N. Santa Rosa, 600m, 0°39’38”S, 90°20’39”W, 1.v.1991, J. Heraty, H91-011 [2♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444387–8 ]. 4km N. Bellavista, Media Luna, 620m, 0°39’31”S, 90°19’28”W, 14.v–13.vii.1985, S. & J. Peck, Miconia zone, 158 [2♁ 10♀, CNC: CNC508693–702 , 509076 , 509077 ]. 6 km N. Puerto Ayora, 125m, 0°42’40”S, 90°18’39”W, 31.v.1991, J. Heraty, Low Transit, H 91-068 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444403 ]. Cerro Crocker, hill top, 860m, 0°38’33”S, 90°19’32”W, 8.ii.1989, B. J. Sinclair, sweep [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT410521 ]. Horneman Farm, 220m, 0°41’21”S, 90°19’28”W, 3.iii.1964, D. Q. Cavagnaro [1♁ 1♀, CASC: UCRCENT485710 , 485711 ]. Los Gemelos, 620m, 0°37’28”S, 90°23’1”W, 1.v.1991, J. Heraty, Scalesia, H91-012 [1♁ 5♀, ANIC: UCRCENT238223 , UCRC: UCRCENT444389–444393 ]. Los Gemelos, 620m, 0°37’28”S, 90°23’1”W, 17.v.1991, J. Heraty, Scalesia, H91-038 [4♁ 5♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444394–444402 ]. Media Luna to Puntudo, 600–700m, 0°38’1”S, 90°20’19”W, iv.1989, S. Peck, pampas, sweeping [2♀, CNC: CNC508735 (D4692), 509078]. Media Luna, 450m, 0°39’56”S, 90°17’59”W, 31.v.1991, J. Heraty, Cinchona zone, H91-069 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444277 ]. Media Luna, 450m, 0°40’9”S, 90°19’25”W, 31.v.1991, J. Heraty, Cinchona zone, H91-069 [3♁ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444404–444407 ]. Media Luna, 500–600m, 0°39’20”S, 90°18’19”W, 31.v.1991, J. Heraty, Miconia zone, H91-070 [1♀, ANIC: UCRCENT238226 ]. Media Luna, 500–600m, 0°39’32”S, 90°19’44”W, 31.v.1991, J. Heraty, Miconia zone, H91-070 [1♁ 1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444408 , 444409 ]. Media Luna, fern /Sed. pampa, 650m, 0°39’20”S, 90°18’19”W, 31.v.1991, J. Heraty, H91-071 [1♁, ANIC: UCRCENT238227 ]. Santiago Island, 10km SE Playa Espumilla, 600m, 0°14’43”S, 90°47’26”W, 4.vi.1991, J. Heraty, humid forest, H91-076 [7♁ 6♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444369–444381 ]. 11 Km E. Playa Espumilla , 600m, 0°13’23”S, 90°46’11”W, 9.vi.1991, J. Heraty, humid forest, H91-083 [1♁ 7♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444268–444275 ]. 12 km E. Playa Espumilla , 725m, 0°13’54”S, 90°46’3”W, 5.vi.1991, J. Heraty, elfin forest, H91-078 [4♁ 11♀, UCRC: UCRCENT128538–128541 , 444278–444287 , 498886 ]. 13km E. Playa Espumilla , 800m, 0°13’23”S, 90°46’11”W, 9.vi.1991, J. Heraty, grass pampa, H91-082 [1♁ 3♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444383–444386 ]. H91-079 [8♁ 25♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444235– 444267 ]. 8 Km SE Playa Espumilla , 400–500m, 0°13’28”S, 90°47’47”W, 8.vi.1991, J. Heraty, humid forest, H91- 081 [1♁ 1♀, ANIC: UCRCENT238224 , UCRC: UCRCENT444276 ]. 9 km SE Playa Espumilla, Aguacate camp, 550m, 0°14’1”S, 90°47’22”W, 4.vi.1991, J. Heraty, humid forest, H91-075 [4♁ 9♀, UCRC: UCRCENT444222– 444234 ]. 9km SE Playa Espumilla, Aguacate camp, 550m, 0°15’4”S, 90°45’59”W, 4.vi.1991, J. Heraty, humid forest, H91-077 [1♁, UCRC: UCRCENT444382 ]. Playa Espumilla , 0°12’4”S, 90°49’42”W, 4.iv.1992, S. Peck, arid zone, Cordia woodland, U.V. light, 92-98 [1♀, UCRC: UCRCENT410518 ] .

Figures

FIGURE 6. Zagrammosoma buselus, ♀: (A) head, frontolateral, (B) lateral habitus, (C) fore wing, dorsal, (D) dorsal habitus; (E) ♁ dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B–E).

FIGURE 7. Distribution of Zagrammosoma species in the Galapagos Island Archipelago.

FIGURE 16. Zagrammosoma flavolineatum, ♀: (A) head, frontolateral, (B) lateral habitus, (C) fore wing, dorsal, (D) dorsal habitus; (E) ♁ dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B–E).