Symperasmus alboniger ( Bates, 1861 ) Santos-Silva & Botero & Wappes, 2020

Santos-Silva, Antonio, Botero, Juan Pablo & Wappes, James E., 2020, Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60, pp. 1-40 : 3-6

Symperasmus alboniger ( Bates, 1861) , comb. nov. ( Figs. 19-34 )

Acanthoderes alboniger Bates, 1861: 218 .

Acanthoderes albonigra ; Gemminger, 1873: 3145 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 610 (checklist); Zajciw, 1969a: 198 (distr.); 1970a: 5 (distr.).

Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) albonigra ; Aurivillius, 1923: 385 (cat.); Gilmour, 1965: 615 (cat.); Monné, 1994:57 (cat.); Monne&Giesbert,1994:229 (checklist).

Psapharochrus alboniger ; Lacordaire, 1872: 751; Monné, 2005: 200 (cat.); Monné et al., 2012: 32 (distr.); Monné, 2019: 289 (cat.).

Psapharochrus albonigrus ; Wappes et al., 2006: 33 (distr.); Monné & Hovore, 2006: 209 (checklist).

Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) albomaculatus Fuchs, 1963: 10 ; Gilmour, 1965: 615 (cat.). Syn. nov.

Acanthoderes albomaculata ; Monné, 1994: 57 (cat.); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 229 (checklist).

Psapharochrus albomaculatus ; Monné, 2005: 200 (cat.); Monné & Monné, 2006: 42 ; Wappes et al., 2006: 33 (distr.); Monné, 2019: 289 (cat.).

Acanthoderes griseomaculata Zajciw, 1971: 306 ; Julio et al., 2000: 30 (holotype). Syn. nov.

Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) griseomaculata ; Monné, 1994: 61 (cat.); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 230 (checklist).

Psapharochrus griseomaculatus ; Monné, 2005: 204 (cat.); Monné et al., 2012: 32 (distr.); Monné & Chaboo, 2015: 90 (distr.); Monné & Monné, 2016: 57 (holotype); Monné, 2019: 295 (cat.).

Bates (1861) described Acanthoderes alboniger (see photograph of the holotype at Bezark, 2019) based on a single female from Brazil (Pará). The holotype, as well as a series of specimens from Brazil (Amazonas), has the elytral apex covered with light yellowish-brown pubescence (but not obscuring punctures). Later, Fuchs (1963) described Acanthoderes (Psapharochrus) albomaculatus (see photograph of the holotype at Bezark, 2019) based on a single female from Bolivia and reported (translat- ed): “A very excellent species, with a certain similarity to A. laetifica Bat. According to the description, the new species is related to A. albonigra Bat. , unknown to me, from which it differs by the blunt lateral tubercles of the prothorax and by drawing of the elytra.” However, although the elytral pubescent pattern is somewhat different in the holotypes of A. albonigra and A. albomaculata ( Acanthoderes is feminine gender, and both names were originally wrongly utilized), the lateral tubercles of the prothorax are identical in both specimens. Bates (1861) incorrectly recorded them as acute, suggesting an apex much narrower than they really are in the species.Finally, Zajciw (1971) described Acanthoderes griseomaculata (see photograph of the holotype at Bezark, 2019) based on a single male from Peru but did not provide any comparison with other species.

Symperasmus alboniger has a noticeable variation of the elytral pubescent pattern color, as it can be yellow, partially yellow and partially pale-yellow, pale-yellow, partially pale-yellow and partially white, or white. Also, the centrodorsal pubescent macula of the elytra may be entire or fragmented, and the anterolateral pubescent spots may be small or large, fused or not with the centrodorsal macula. Furthermore, the apical elytral pubescence is also noticeably variable ( Figs. 27-34 ). The specimens examined from Brazil have the elytral pubescence of the apex as in the holotypes of A. albonigra and A. albomaculata , while the specimens from Bolivia also have this area as in those holotypes as well as in the holotype of A. griseomaculata but with an intermediate pattern. Accordingly, we do not find a reliable feature that allows separation of the three species hence both A. albomaculata and A. griseomaculata are synonymized with S. alboniger .

The eyes in S. albonigra are not finely granulated, thus, it does not belong to Acanthoderes . Additionally, the pronotum is distinctly depressed centrally, a feature that also supports its placement in Symperasmus , not in Acanthoderes or Psapharochrus (= Aegomorphus ) as previously placed.

Material examined(all from MZSP): PERU, Junín: Satipo, 1 female, 18.XII.1937, Paprzycki col .; 1 male, 1938-39, Meskendahl col.; ( Sanibeni ; 340 m) , 1 male, 13.XI.1935, F. Woytjowski col. Huánuco: Tingo Maria ( Rio Huallaga ) , 2 males, X.1960, formerly Dirings collection. BOLIVIA, Beni (new department record): Uyapi (Guanay) , 1 male, X-XI.1992,no collector indicated. La Paz (new department record): Ixiamas , 1921-22, M.R. Lopez col. Cochabamba (new department record): “ Região de Chaparé ”, 400 m) , 1 female, 05.IX.1956, Zischka col. BRAZIL, Amazonas: São Paulo de Olivença, 1 female, II.1923, S. Klages col .; 1 male, IV.1923, S. Klages col .; 1 male, V.1923, S. Klages col.; (Rio Javari) , 1 female, III.1951, formerly Dirings collection ; 1 female, VII.1956, formerly Dirings collection ; 1 female, X.1960, formerly Dirings collection ; 1 female, II.1961, formerly Dirings collection ; 3 males, 2 females, X.1961, formerly Dirings collection ; 2 males, XI.1961, formerly Dirings collection ; 1 female, II.1962, formerly Dirings collection ; 1 female, XI.1962, formely Dirings collection ; 1 male, 1 female, X.1963, formerly Dirings collection; (Rio Solimões) , 1 male, XI.1960, formerly Dirings collection .

Known geographical distribution ( Monné, 2019; Tavakilian & Chevillotte, 2019; new records): Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Beni, La Paz, Cochabamba), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará).

Figures

Figures 19-34. Symperasmus alboniger. (19‑22) Male from Brazil (Amazonas, Benjamin Constant). (19) Dorsal habitus. (20) Ventral habitus. (21) Lateral habitus. (22) Head, frontal view. (23‑26) Male from Peru (Huánuco, Tingo Maria). (23) Dorsal habitus. (24) Ventral habitus. (25) Lateral habitus. (26) Head, frontal view. (27‑34)Elytral apex.(27)Female,Bolivia.(28)Female,Bolivia.(29)Female,Peru.(30)Male,Peru.(31) Male,Peru.(32)Male,Peru.(33)Male,Bolivia.(34)Male,Brazil.