Spirobolidea, Cook, 1895

Shelley, Rowland M. & Floyd, Samuel D., 2014, Expanded concept of the milliped family Spirobolidae Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidea): Proposals of Aztecolini n. tribe and Floridobolinae / ini and Tylobolini n. stats.; (re) descriptions of Floridobolus and F. penneri, both Causey, 1957, and F. orini n. sp.; hypotheses on origins and affinities, Insecta Mundi 2014 (357), pp. 1-50 : 40

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.5179125

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91F84CDC-6A07-40B6-83F1-35083D171267

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/325C879C-1D56-6313-D1F8-F8CBFC0EFC26

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Spirobolidea
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Concordance between Spirobolidea View in CoL and Leptodesmidea (Polydesmida)

We would be remisss not to digress to address this topic. The sudden availability of vacant niches in “proto-Mexico” after Euramerica collided with Gondwana I had no detectable impact on invading Glomeridesmida, Siphonophorida , Spirostreptidea, and Stemmiulida , which remained stable at familial levels. The first two have not been investigated systematically, and only two such studies exist on Stemmiulida ( Mauriès and Golovatch 2006, Mauriès et al. 2010), so detailed reviews may alter this impression. However, the new “proto-Mexican” niches triggered concordant bursts of evolution in Spirobolidea and Leptodesmidea (Polydesmida) that are manifested today by geographically restricted, endemic families. In addition to the six of Spirobolidea , four evolved in Leptodesmidea Holistophallidae , Rhachodesmidae , Sphaeriodesmidae , and Tridontomidae – possibly also in the “northern Mexican Highlands.” These families have not dispersed as widely as the spirobolideans, for only Sphaeriodesmidae , represented by Desmoninae , have spread into the US – to Missouri, Kentucky, western Virginia, eastcentral Georgia, and northcentral Florida – and an additional sphaeriodesmid of unknown origin inhabits Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles ( Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958; Loomis 1968a; Mauriès 1980, Hoffman 1980a, 1999; Shelley 2000b ; Shelley and Golovatch 2011; Shelley and Martinez-Torres 2013). The other endemic leptodesmidean families are restricted to Mexico and northern Central America, although like Stemmiulida ( Shelley et al. 2012) and Aztecolini , Rhachodesmidae inhabit Nuevo León and Tamaulipas, the northeasternmost states, and like Allopocockiidae ( Shelley and Hoffman 1995, Hoffman 1999), may traverse the Rio Grande into adjoining southern Texas. Represented by Chondrodesmini, the leptodesmidean family Chelodesmidae , dominant in South America but also occupying parts of Africa and Spain, inhabits the Yucatan peninsula ( Loomis 1968a, Hoffman 1999, Bueno Villegas et al. 2004) but has not dispersed into the US; the tribal citation from Veracruz (state) ( Hoffman 1999) seems erroneous as we cannot find a published record. In the polydesmidan suborder Polydesmidea , indigenous species of Myrmecodesmus (Pyrgodesmidae) have spread northward to northcentral Alabama and eastward along the Gulf Coast to the Apalachicola River ( Shelley 2004 ), which also constitutes the western border of the primary area of Chicobolus ( Fig. 13 View Figure 13 , AR, 28).

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