Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus von Marenzeller, 1904

Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T., 2021, Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa, ZooKeys 1066, pp. 1-198 : 1

publication ID

https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:133CE040-A5AF-44F1-BC9A-558C2F06A8AA

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/23516094-DA5B-B890-35A0-715A0ACCA17B

treatment provided by

ZooKeys by Pensoft

scientific name

Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus von Marenzeller, 1904
status

 

Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus von Marenzeller, 1904

Fig. 15I, J View Figure 15

Sphenotrochus aurantiacus von Marenzeller, 1904a: 280-281, pl. 18, fig. 15. -Wells 1935: 531. - Boshoff 1981: 38-39. - Cairns 1989b: 38. - Cairns 1997: 25.

Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus . - Cairns and Keller 1993: 254-255, fig. 7D, E, G, H.

Type locality.

Agulhas Bank, South Africa (SS ' Valdivia ' stn. 104: 35°16'00"S 22°26'00"E); 115 m (von Marenzeller 1904a).

Type material.

Two syntypes are deposited at the ZMB ( Cairns and Keller 1993).

Material examined.

DEFF_SVMEC-INV346: Southern margin, 96 km from PLETT/ 95 km off Storms Estuary, 34°52'01.38"S, 23°46'17.40"E; 213 m. GoogleMaps SAMC_A072997 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAMC_A073073 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 29 km from Richards Bay / 20 km off Nhlabane Estuary, 28°44'23.99"S, 32°23'12.11"E; 320- 340 m. GoogleMaps SAMC_A073145 (2 specimens): Eastern margin, 5 km from Cape Vidal / 16 km off St Lucia Estuary, 28°08'24.00"S, 32°36'24.11"E; 165 m. GoogleMaps SAMC_A073160 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 27 km from Durban / 12 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30°04'59.88"S, 31°00'24.11"E; 100 m. GoogleMaps SAMC_A073162 (4 specimens): Eastern margin, 19 km from Coffee Bay / 18 km off Mdumbi Estuary, 32°02'53.87"S, 29°19'41.87"E; 250- 280 m. GoogleMaps SAMC_A073168 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 37 km from Mazeppa Bay / 18 km off Mendu Estuary, 32°22'48.00"S, 29°00'47.88"E; 450- 500 m. GoogleMaps SAMC_A073172 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 36 km from Coffee Bay / 20 km off Ntlonyane Estuary, 32°18'11.88"S, 29°06'11.88"E; 550 m. GoogleMaps SAMC_A073176 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 35 km from Durban / 26 km off Mbokodweni Estuary, 30°07'59.99"S, 31°03'05.99"E; 150 m. GoogleMaps SAMC_A073237 (1 specimen): Southern margin, False Bay ; depth unknown. SAMC_A087450 (1 specimen): Locality data unknown. SAMC_A090082 (3 specimens): Locality data unknown; 106 m. SAM_H817 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E; 229 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1372 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 27 km from Mtunzini / 25 km off Matigulu Estuary, 29°10'36.00"S, 31°51'00.00"E; 115 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1385 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 2 km from Durban / 8 km off Umgeni Estuary, 29°51'59.99"S, 31°00'00.00"E; 101 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1401 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 13 km from East London / 10 km off Ngqenga Estuary, 33°06'44.99"S, 27°55'44.99"E; 79 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1404 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 2 km from Mosselbaai / 11 km off Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E; 165- 183 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1409 (3 specimens): Southern margin, 35 km from Port Alfred / 5 km off Mpekweni Estuary, 33°27'59.99"S, 27°12'59.99"E; 97 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1410 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 14 km from Cape Padrone / 26 km off Boknes Estuary, 33°45'59.99"S, 26°18'59.99"E; 90 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1411 (9 specimens): Southern margin, 7 km from East London / 5 km off Buffalo Estuary, 33°02'59.99"S, 27°57'00.00"E; 59 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1416 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 241 km from Agulhas / 247 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36°39'59.99"S, 21°25'59.99"E; 200 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1422 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 6 km from Kidds Beach / 5 km off Ncera Estuary, 33°11'59.99"S, 27°40'59.99"E; 79 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H1424 (1 specimen): Southern margin, off East London ; 95 m; SAM_H3197 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 846 km from Port St. Johns / 842 km off Mkweni Estuary, 36°39'59.99" S, 21°25'59.99"E; 366 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H3202 (2 specimens): Southern margin, 18 km from Gonubie /off Gqunube Estuary, 29°38'59.99"S, 31°07'59.99"E; 90 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H3203 (in part: 2 specimens): Southern margin, 48 km from Kidds Beach / 14 km off Bira Estuary, 33°29'24.00"S, 27°22'59.99"E; 80 m. GoogleMaps SAM_H4589 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 46 km from Port Dunford / 45 km off Nyoni Estuary, 29°19'00.00"S, 32°00'00.00"E; 366 m. GoogleMaps

Imagery data.

FAL700 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 24 km from Cape Point/20 km off Sand Estuary, 34°11'06.00"S, 18°38'59.99"E; 44 m.

Description.

Corallum cuneiform, appearing swollen. Base rounded or irregular in shape depending on the substrate. Calice elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.79-3.7), with calicular margin slightly serrated. Largest specimen examined (SAM_H1372) 7.7 × 2.8 mm in CD, and 13.8 mm in H. Costae smooth, well defined, each composed of a single longitudinal ridge near calicular margin, which overlaps with adjacent costae towards base. Costae sometimes discontinuous at base. Costae arrangement and size correspond to septa. Corallum white and sometimes orange.

Septa hexamerally arranged in four cycles according to the formula: S1 > S2 > S3 > S4 (48 septa). S1-2 highly exsert and bear slightly sinuous axial margins. S3 less exsert, 1/3 smaller than S1-2, and have slightly dentate axial margins. S4 rudimentary. All septal faces bear fine, regularly arranged granules. Columella solid, lamellar, and aligned with S1. Columellar lamellae rise above septa.

Distribution.

Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Vidal and extending towards St Lucia; 59-500 m. Elsewhere: No other geographical records are known.

Remarks.

Sphenotrochus (S.) aurantiacus is distinctive from the other two Recent species reported in the region by its: i) solid lamellar columella that rises far above the upper septal margin, ii) in having septa arranged in four cycles (48 septa), and iii) a costa:septa ratio of 1:1.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Cnidaria

Class

Anthozoa

Order

Scleractinia

Family

Turbinoliidae

Genus

Sphenotrochus

Loc

Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus von Marenzeller, 1904

Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T. 2021
2021
Loc

Sphenotrochus aurantiacus

von Marenzeller 1904
1904
Loc

Sphenotrochus (Sphenotrochus) aurantiacus

von Marenzeller 1904
1904