Prosymnus mulleri Opitz, 2016

Opitz, Weston, 2016, Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte, The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3), pp. 429-446 : 429-446

Prosymnus mulleri Opitz , new species ( Figs. 8 , 25 , 33 , 36 , 39 )

Holotype. ♂. S. Afr /: N. Province, Amatola, Scott farm, 22. 56S 29.23E. Another label reads: 26.11.1998, E. Y. 3316, at light, leg. R. Müller ( TMSA).

Paratypes. 2 specimens. South Africa: N. Province, Amatola , Scott farm, 22°56′S- 29°23′E, 26.1.1998, at light, leg. R. Müller ( WOPC); E. Transvaal, Penge, 13- 17.11.1972, A. Strydom ( TMSA) .

Diagnosis. The members of this species resemble those of C. arsus . However, in P. mulleri the elytral punctation is smaller, and the dorsum shows a more prominent metallic sheen.

Description. Size: Length 7.0 mm; width 2.8 mm. Form: As in Fig. 25 . Color: Cranium, pronotum, and elytra violaceous, antennae, pterothorax, abdomen, and legs testaceous, elytra with a prominent metallic sheen. Head: Antennal capitulum lax, antennomere 9 cupuliform, antennomere 10 triangular, antennomere 11 oval; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW 30/45). Thorax: Pronotum transverse (PW/PL 135/111), spine on pronotal posterior angle absent; elytral disc sculptured with 12 striae of large punctation that extends to elytral apex, elytral interstitial spaces smooth and shiny. Abdomen: Setal patches on 4 th sternite ( Fig. 8 ); male pygidium scutiform; aedeagus as in Fig. 33 .

Variation. Size: Length 6.0–7.0 mm; width 2.3–2.8 mm. Except for size, the beetles before me are quite homogeneous.

Natural History. The available specimens were collected in November or January, two at light.

Distribution. This species is known only from South Africa ( Fig. 39 ).

Etymology. From the surname Müller, in honor of the collector of the holotype, Ruth Müller.

Prosymnus rudis ( Boheman, 1851) ( Figs. 4, 6, 7 , 9–18 , 26 , 34 , 36 , 40 )

Opetiopalpus rudis Boheman 1851: 517 . Lectotype. ♀. Here designated. Caffraria, Limpolo ( South Africa) (NHRS). Corporaal 1950: 300. Boheman did not indicate in his description whether his nominal species is based on one or more specimens. Therefore, I invoke Recommendation 73F of the ICZN (1999) and designate a lectotype for this species.

Prosymnus cribripennis Laporte 1836: 52 . Lectotype. Sex unknown. Here designated. Sénégal (repository unknown). Lohde 1900: 112; Corporaal 1950: 300; Opitz 2011: 61. New Synonymy. Although I have not seen the type, its description suggests that the characteristics upon which this nominal species is based fall within the range of variation of P. rudis .

Prosymnus villosus Gorham 1901: 354 . Lectotype. Sex unknown. Salisbury, Mashonaland ( Zimbabwe) (BMNH). Corporaal 1950: 300. New Synonymy. The characteristics upon which this nominal species is based fall into the range of variation of P. rudis . Gorham based his description on two syntypes; one is a P. rudis , the other a P. livens . The description clearly points to the P. rudis specimen as the legitimate name-bearer of this junior synonym.

Ryparus tomentosus Spinola 1844: 76 . Lectotype. ♂. Designated by Ekis (1975: 58). Le Sénégal ( Senegal) (MRSN). Corporaal 1950: 300.

Diagnosis. The males can be distinguished from superficially similar specimens of P. brevipenis by characteristics of the male genitalia. In P. rudis , the aedeagus is longer than the abdomen, whereas in P. brevipenis it is shorter than the abdomen. The females of this species can only be credibly identified when they are associated with males from the same locality.

Redescription. Size: Length 8.0 mm; width 3.5 mm. Form: As in Fig. 26 . Color: Cranium and pronotum dark castaneous, antenna, pterothorax, abdomen, and legs testaceous, elytra admixture of castaneous and black coloration. Head: Antennal capitulum lax ( Fig. 4 ), antennomeres 9 and 10 triangular, antennomere 11 ovoid; eyes ( Fig. 9 ) much narrower than frons (EW/FW 27/80); ventrally as in Figs. 10–11 . Thorax: Pronotum transverse ( Figs. 12–14 ) (PW/PL 170/135); elytral disc sculptured with swellings and large, randomly distributed punctation ( Fig. 15–18 ), elytral interstitial spaces variable in size, smooth and shiny; 1° setae very long, 2° setae often aggregated into small tufts. Abdomen: Setal patches on 3 rd and 4 th sternites; male pygidium scutiform; aedeagus as in Fig 34 .

Natural History. Specimens have been collected throughout the year, at altitudes ranging from 18 to 1,500 m. Among the collecting techniques used were beating sheet, light trap, Lindgren funnel, and mercury vapor light. Some specimens were collected on the flowers of the angiosperm Protea . R. Murphy collected one specimen at 550 m, in woods laden with trees of the angiosperm Brachystegia .

Distribution. In addition to the type, I examined 125 specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: Victoria Falls, 6-13.XI.1938, D. L. Uyttenboogaart; Waterberg, Geelhoutbush farm, 24°22′S 27′33″E, 19.12.1995, misc. beating camp, leg. C. L. Bellamy; Northwestern Prov., Soutpan, Tswaing, 25°24′S 28°06′E, 12.12.1996, beating, Dombrowsky & Krüger; idem, Sitkaatsneck, 25°40′S 27°55′E, 30.11.1995, beating, leg.C. L. Bellamy; idem, Kommanddoneck, 25°45′S 27°47′E, 1.12.1995, beating, leg. C. L. Bellamy; idem, Warmbaths, Mabalingwe Res., 20.3.1996, Light trap, leg. B. Dombrowsky; idem, 20 km W Thabazimbi, 24°35′S 27°14′E, 12.XII-5.II.2000, Lindgren Funnel, T. K. Phillips; Transvaal, Waterval farm, 25°35′S 28°16′E, 8.1.1992, at light, leg. R. Dixon; idem, Pienaars Riv., 8 km S, 25°17′S 28°17′E, 28.12.1994, beating, leg. C. L. Bellamy; idem, d’ Nyala Natur Res. IV-2-1992, UV light, C. W. & L. B. O’ Brien; idem, Saartjiesnek, 30 km W Pretoria, I.1989, leg. K. Werner; idem, Rustenburg, 26-30. XI.1948, leg. A. L. Capener; idem, Middlefontein near Nylstroom, 15- 17.12.1953, leg. A. L. Capener; idem, Nmabolela estate, 22°40′S 28°15′ E 6.3.1973, mercury vapor light, leg. Endrödy- Younga; idem, 30 km NE Thabazimbi, 24, 25.X.1984, H. & A. Howden; idem, Ben Alberta Nat. Res., Thabazimbi, 24°37′S 27°23′E, 24-28. XI.1980, S. J. van Tonder; idem, Potgietersrus, 1-3.XII.1992, Ex. Protea flowers, J. Klimaszewski; Gauteng, Hennops River District, Portion 53 of Vlakaas, 24.XI.2008, leg., Martin Paulsen; Makueni, Ukamba, 11.1947, von Somoren. SENEGAL: M’ Bambey, 8-VIII-1939, M. Risbec; Casamanche, 6-VI-1981, leg. B. Sigwalt; Thies, 1882; Ziguinchor, Boukitimbo, 12°26′41″N 16°35′53″E, 5.VIII.2007, light trap, 18 m, P. Moretto & F. Génier. BURKINA FASO: Comoé, Koflandé (village), 10°14′42″N 4°27′50″E, 4.VII. 2006, 290 m, savanna wood, light trap, F. & S. Génier; Nahouri, Forêt de Nazinga, 11°07′52″N 1° 34′38″E, 24.VII. 2006, 270 m, savanna wood, light trap, F. & S. Génier; Loroum, Toulfé, 13°53′43″N 1°52′25″E, 16.VII. 2006, 300m, light trap, F. & S. Génier; Bobo Dioulasso, XII- 1974. GAMBIA: Abuko Nat. Res. 13.10.1999, leg. W. Schacht; Janjangbureh, 12- 13.7.2000, R. Grimm. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Lualaba, Zilo, 15-XI-1960, Dr. V. Allard; idem, Ruwe, I-1960, at light, Dr. V. Allard; Elisabethville, 8-XII-1930, H. J. Bredo; Baudouinville, I-1933, L. Burgeon; Kapanga, XII-1932, F. G. Overlaet. KENYA: Eastern, E 729 Sosoma, 202 km E of Thika, 20.11.07, Snižek; idem, E of Thika, Mwingi, Nguini, 29.XII. 2007, Legt. Snižek. ETHIOPIA: Baffray, 1882. SUDAN: Koulikoro, 1913, Paul Linarix. CHAD: N’ Gouri, distr. De Kanem, P. Renaud. TANZANIA: Longido, Masai Distr. 17/ 20-IV-1957, 1500 m, P. Basilewsky & N. Leleup; Ngarenanyuki. BENIN: Dahomey. NIGER: Maradi, 11-VII-1980, Paul Bouchard. RWANDA: P. N. Akagera, 6.XII.1985, R. Jocqué. ZIMBABWE: Sebakwe; Mazoe, Dec. 1905, G. A. K. Marshall; Salisbury, Dec. 1897, G. A. K. Marshall; Masvingo Pro. Lake Mutirikwe, 20°13′S- 31°00′E, 27.11.2006, light trap, leg Gussmann & Müller; Chivhu, The

Range env., 30.XI.1998, leg. M. Snižek; Matopos, 8- XII-1990, R. Miller & L. Strange. CÔTE D ’ IVORE: Elfenbeinküste , Comoé National Park , V. 1993, lg. Rödel. MOZAMBIQUE: Nyassa. ZAMBIA: Kashitu , N of Broken Hill, 26.IV.1915, H. C. Dollman; Lochinvar , 6/ 26.V.1964, F. Van Noten; Kashitu , 26-IV-1915, Mopan. MALAWI: Salima Dist., Senga Bay Forest Res., 13-16-II- 2009, 550 m, in Brachystegia woods, R. Murphy. NIGERIA: Lama Burra G. R. 11°04′57″N 8°37′26″E, 21-25- VII- 2006, 830 m, Leonard & Vingerhoedt ( Fig. 40 ). Specimens are deposited in BMNH, CMNC, FSCA, ISNB, MNHN, MRAC, NBCN, RGCG, TMSA, UCDC , and WOPC.

Figures

Figs. 1–8. Body structures. 1) Ectospinula graduata, metathoracic wing. Antennae: 2) Necrobia rufipes; 3) E. graduata; 4) Prosymnus rudis. Terminal labial palpomere: 5) E. graduata; 6) P. rudis. Abdominal sternites: 7) P. rudis; 8) Prosymnus mulleri.

Figs. 23–26. Prosymnus species, habitus. 23) P. brevipenis; 24) P. livens; 25) P. mulleri; 26) P. rudis.

Figs. 28–35. Prosymnus species, male terminalia. 28) P. adustus; 29) P. arsus; 30) P. astrictus; 31) P. brevipenis;

Fig. 36. Phylogenetic tree computed from the character matrix (Table 1) for Ectospinula graduata and Prosymnus species.

Figs. 37–40. Geographic distribution of Ectospinula graduata and Prosymnus species.

Figs. 9–14. Body structures of Prosymnus rudis. 9) Head, dorsal view; 10) Mouthparts, ventral view; 11) Head, ventral view; 12) Pronotum; 13) Posterior pronotal margin; 14) Pronotal hind angle.

Figs. 15–18. Elytral structures of Prosymnus rudis. 15) Anterior region of elytra; 16) Elytron; 17) Epipleuron, anterior half; 18) Epipleuron, posterior half.