Oedothorax kodaikanal, TANASEVITCH, 2015 INCERTAE

Lin, Shou-Wang, Lopardo, Lara & Uhl, Gabriele, 2022, Evolution of nuptial-gift-related male prosomal structures: taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Oedothorax (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 417-584 : 546-548

‘OEDOTHORAX’ KODAIKANAL TANASEVITCH, 2015 INCERTAE SEDIS

( FIGS 7D , 67E , 68E , 76 )

Oedothorax kodaikanal Tanasevitch, 2015: 386 , figs 44–50 (Dm).

Type material: Holotype: India: Madras , Palni Hills, 10 km north-west of Kodaikanal, 2150 m, edge of Rhododendron forest with fern, sifting litter near river, ♂ 15.xi.1972, leg. C. Besuchet & I. Löbl ( MHNG, examined) . Paratypes: India: Madras , Palni Hills, 23 km west of Kodaikanal, Lake Berijam, 2150 m, Rhododendron forest, sifting litter, 1♂ ( MHNG, examined) 1♂ ( ZMMU) 14.xi.1972, leg. C. Besuchet & I. Löbl.

Diagnosis:

Males: This species can be diagnosed by the lack of external prosomal modification and the palpal features as described below.

Description:

Male (holotype): Total length: 2.27. Prosoma: 1.10 long, 0.85 wide, unmodified ( Fig. 7D ). Eyes: AME- AME: 0.02, AME width: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.03, ALE width: 0.10, ALE-PLE: 0, PLE width: 0.10, PLE-PME: 0.05, PME width: 0.08, PME-PME: 0.07. Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub-AME seta. Sternum: 0.66 long, 0.60 wide. Chelicerae: stridulatory striae rows compressed at proximal end ( Fig. 67E ). Legs: tibia chaetotaxy 2-2-1-1; Tm I: 0.55. All metatarsi with trichobothrium. Pedipalp: patella prolateral proximal vertical macrosetae absent; tibia with one prolateral, two retrolateral trichobothria; TPS short, prolaterally situated at base of TPA; TPA long, dorsally elevated; TRA apically oriented ( Fig. 76A, B, C ); PC mediansized, base not visible from dorsal view, distal setae close to distal clasp, distal setae bearing area wide, distal clasp without striae, clasp extended slightly apically ( Fig. 76A ); T without papillae; PT without papillae; TS short, without papillae; MSA present; DSA tip straight ( Fig. 76F ); EM flat, anterior margin with small papillae, not exceeding ARP; ARP tip blunt, with a round process ventrally; LER without striae, retrolaterally oriented; VRP with sclerotized apophysis distally; TP tip round; E retrolaterally spiral, anterior margin at base smoothly curved ( Fig. 76D ). Opisthosoma dorsal pattern see Fig. 68E . PMS with one nubbin (vestigial mAP), one AC; PLS with triad, one AC ( Fig. 76G, H ).

Male (paratype): Total length: 2.14. Prosoma: 1.02 long, 0.81 wide. Tm I: 0.54.

Female: Unknown.

Distribution: India.

Habitat: Forest litter.

Remarks: According to the results of our phylogenetic analysis, and the lack of characteristics of Oedothorax s.s., this species does not belong to Oedothorax , but is more closely related to Atypena and some ‘ Oedothorax ’ incertae sedis species which, as in this species, are distributed in the Oriental realm. Although this species was scored in the present study as possessing TPS (the defining feature of Mitrager ), its minute size and the position at the base of TPA in this species differ significantly from the retrolaterally bent form in Mitrager . In addition, the LER in this species does not bend over the embolus like in Mitrager . Since it shares no clear synapomorphic features with other taxa, its taxonomic affinity should be scrutinized in future studies, including other oriental erigonine species like ‘Oe.’ myanmar Tanasevitch, 2017 and ‘Oe.’ khasi Tanasevitch, 2017 .

Figures

Figure 7. Male prosomal morphology, lateral.A, Emertongone montifera (Emerton, 1882) (Paquin & Dupérré, 2003, fig. 1187). B, Shaanxinus mingchihensis Lin, 2019 (traced from photograph). C, ‘Oedothorax’ paracymbialis Tanasevitch, 2015 (traced from photograph). D, ‘Oe.’ kodaikanal Tanasevitch, 2015 (traced from photograph). E, ‘Oe.’ cunur Tanasevitch, 2015 (traced from photograph). F, ‘Oe.’ stylus Tanasevitch, 2015 (traced from photograph). G, Atypena cirrifrons (Heimer, 1984) (traced from photograph). H, A. formosana (Oi, 1977) (Oi, 1977, fig. 2). I, ‘Oe.’ nazareti Scharff, 1989 (Scharff, 1989: fig. 7). J, Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) (traced from photograph). K, Ummeliata insecticeps (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Tu & Li 2004: fig. 8A). L, U. esyunini (Zhang, Zhang & Yu, 2003) (Zhang et al., 2003, fig. 2A). M, Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830) (traced from photograph). N, Tmeticus tolli Kulczyński, 1908 (traced from photograph). O, Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall, 1841) [Roberts, 1987: fig. 21 (e)]. P, Oe. trilobatus (Banks, 1896) (Bishop & Crosby, 1935: fig. 79). Q, Oe. gibbifer (Kulczyński, 1882) (Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: fig.604.5).R, Oe.apicatus (Blackwall, 1850) [Roberts, 1987: fig.23 (d)].S, Oe. retusus (Westring, 1851) [Roberts, 1987: fig. 23 (c)]. T, Oe. paludigena Simon, 1926 [Millidge, 1975: fig. (5)]. U, Oe. meridionalis Tanasevitch, 1987 (Tanasevitch, 1987: fig. 107).V, Oe. agrestis (Blackwall, 1853) (Roberts, 1987: fig. 23B).W, Oe. fuscus (Blackwall, 1834) (Roberts, 1987: fig. 23A). X, Oe. tingitanus (Simon, 1884) (Denis, 1968: fig. 11).

Figure 67. Male chelicerae, stridulatory striae on lateral side. A, Jilinus hulongensis (Zhu & Wen, 1980). B, Cornitibia simplicithorax (Tanasevitch, 1998). C, Emertongone montifera (Emerton, 1882). D, ‘Oedothorax’ paracymbialis Tanasevitch, 2015. E, ‘Oe.’ kodaikanal Tanasevitch, 2015. F, ‘Oe.’ cunur Tanasevitch, 2015. G, ‘Oe.’ stylus Tanasevitch, 2015. H, Atypena cirrifrons (Heimer, 1984). I, A. formosana (Oi, 1977). J, ‘Oe.’ nazareti Scharff, 1989. K, Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758). L, Ummeliata insecticeps (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906). M, U. esyunini (Zhang, Zhang & Yu, 2003). N, Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830). O, Tmeticus tolli Kulczyński, 1908. Scale bars 0.05 mm.

Figure 68. Male opisthosoma, dorsal view. A, Jilinus hulongensis (Zhu & Wen, 1980). B, Cornitibia simplicithorax (Tanasevitch, 1998). C, Emertongone montifera (Emerton, 1882). D, ‘Oedothorax’ paracymbialis Tanasevitch, 2015. E, ‘Oe.’ kodaikanal Tanasevitch, 2015. F, ‘Oe.’ cunur Tanasevitch, 2015. G, ‘Oe.’ stylus Tanasevitch, 2015. H, Atypena cirrifrons (Heimer, 1984). I, A. formosana (Oi, 1977). J, ‘Oe.’ nazareti Scharff, 1989. K, Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758). L, Ummeliata insecticeps (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906). M, U. esyunini (Zhang, Zhang & Yu, 2003). N, Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830). O, Tmeticus tolli Kulczyński, 1908. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Figure 76. ‘Oedothorax’ kodaikanal Tanasevitch, 2015. A–D, male right palp, images flipped horizontally. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. C, dorsal view. D, embolic division, prolateral view. E, F, male left palp. E, apical view. F, embolic division, dorsal view. G, male posterior median spinnerets and posterior lateral spinnerets, dorsal view. H, male left spinnerets. Scale bars 0.1 mm.