Moenkhausia pirahan, Mathubara & Toledo-Piza, 2020

Mathubara, Kleber & Toledo-Piza, Mônica, 2020, Taxonomic study of Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann, 1908 and Hemigrammus newboldi (Fernández-Yépez, 1949) with the description of two new species of Moenkhausia (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae), Zootaxa 4852 (1), pp. 1-40 : 25-29

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:301C1BCC-51F1-43E0-9774-85DC28741E10

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4408287

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/456D9FA5-3580-4CB0-990B-69E1736A0B91

taxon LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:act:456D9FA5-3580-4CB0-990B-69E1736A0B91

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Moenkhausia pirahan
status

sp. nov.

Moenkhausia pirahan , new species

( Figs. 13–15 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:301C1BCC-51F1-43E0-9774-85DC28741E10

Holotype: MZUSP 125777 View Materials (1, 62.5 mm SL), Brasil, Rondônia, Igarapé Traíra, Transamazônica highway, 40 Km from the ferryboat of Humaitá , to Apuí , Humaitá , 7°35’31”S 62°44’45”W, W.M. Ohara, 15 Aug 2015. GoogleMaps

Paratypes: MZUSP 125778 View Materials (4, 62– 65.8 mm SL) ; ZUEC 17237 View Materials (2, 62.4–64.6 mm SL) ; UFRO 15783 (2, 59.1– 60 mm SL), same data as holotype GoogleMaps . UFRO 23068 (1, 49.9 mm SL), Igarapé Cachoeira, above Aripuanã, 6°24’45”S 60°21’26”W, Fernandes, Talles, 19 Mar 2013 GoogleMaps .

Non-type material: Brazil: Amazonas: rio Madeira basin: UFRO-I 23068 (1-1, 49.4 mm SL), Igarapé Cachoeira, upstream of rio Aripuanã, Novo Aripuanã , 6°24’45”S 60°21’26”W, T. Fernandes ; GoogleMaps Pará: rio Tapajós basin, MPEG 28777 View Materials (3-3, 39.8–50.2 mm SL), Jacareacanga, rio Tapajós basin, Ambiental Concremat, 20 Aug 2013 ; Pará, rio Trombetas basin: INPA 48615 View Materials (4-4, 46.5–53.3 mm SL), Lagoa Sapucuruá , mouth of Igarapé Araticum, Oriximiná, G.M. dos Santos, 21 Jul 2015 ; INPA 50033 View Materials (8-8, 30.9–46.8 mm SL), rio Trombetas, igarapé of Tental, left margin, Oriximiná , 1°25’51”S 56°45’52”W, I.M. Soares & A. Akama, 18 Nov 2013 GoogleMaps ; INPA 50082 View Materials (1-1, 48.4 mm SL), Oriximiná, rio Trombetas, igarapé Terra Preta , right margin, 7°45’45”S 58°49’0”W, I.M. Soares & A. Akama, 19 Nov 2013 GoogleMaps ; INPA 34406 View Materials (5-5, 37.6–47.6), rio Trombetas, Oriximiná , 1°28’1”S 56°20’5”W, E. Ferreira & J. Zuanon, 25 Nov 2005 GoogleMaps ; MPEG 14598 View Materials (7-7, 42.5–55.5 mm SL), rio Saracá (Porto Trombetas), Oriximiná, W. Wosiacki, 18 Oct 2007 ; MPEG 15430 View Materials (1-1, 45.3 mm SL), Porto Cikel, rio Nhamundá, Faro , 1°42’48”S 57°12’48”W, L.F. Montag, 27 Jan 2008 GoogleMaps ; MPEG 23687 View Materials (1-1, 38.3 mm SL), Alenquer , 1°34’47”S 55°0’36”W, J, Ready, 20 Jun 2010 GoogleMaps ; MPEG 27968 View Materials (2-2, 50.3–50.6 mm SL), Vila de São Martins, Jacareacanga , 6°8’13”S 57°40’23”W GoogleMaps , T. Begot , 30 Mar 2013 ; MPEG 28055 View Materials (1-1, 45.4 mm SL), rio Saracá , 1°48’9”S 56°16’33”W, W. Wosiacki, 20 Oct 2007 GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Moenkhausia pirahan is distinguished from all congeners, except M. australis , M. cosmops , M. cotinho , M. diktyota , M. forestii , M. lineomaculata , M. oligolepis , M. parecis , M. pyrophthalma , M. sanctaefilomenae , and M. uirapuru by the presence of a reticulate body color pattern resulting from the presence of chromatophores forming a dark rim and delineating the posterior margin of the scales ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ) and the presence of a dark blotch on the base of the caudal fin (vs absence of both reticulate color pattern( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 C–D) and the dark blotch on the caudal-fin base). It is distinguished from all the above-mentioned species by the presence of three interrupted stripes formed by light spots on the central portion of the scales of the three dorsalmost longitudinal series on the body (vs. interrupted stripes absent). It is further distinguished from M. cotinho by having in life, an orange to reddish longitudinal stripe on body just below the ventralmost interrupted dark stripe ( Figs. 13–14 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 ); (vs. orange to reddish stripe absent).

Description. Morphometric data presented in Table 3. Body compressed, moderately elongate. Largest specimen examined 66.5 mm SL; greatest body depth slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex from snout tip to vertical through posterior nostril; slightly convex from that point to tip of supraoccipital spine. Dorsal profile of body convex along predorsal region; straight and posteriorly inclined along dorsal-fin base; posteriorly inclined to moderately convex to adipose fin; concave from along dorsal margin of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of head and body convex from anterior tip of dentary to anal-fin origin; posterodorsally inclined from latter point to base of last anal-fin ray; concave along ventral margin of caudal peduncle. Mouth terminal, jaws equal. Posterior portion of maxilla extending beyond vertical through middle of orbit. Premaxillary teeth in two rows; outer row with 3(2), 4*(20) tricuspid teeth inner row 5*(22) tri- to pentacupid teeth. Dentary with 5 (22) large pentacuspid teeth followed by a series of 10(1) or 11(2) diminutive tricuspid teeth ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ). Central median cusp of all teeth longer than lateral cusps ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ). Branchiostegal rays 4(3). First gill arch with 2(3) rakers on hypobranchial, 9(2) rakers on ceratobranchial, 1(2) on intermediate cartilage, and 7(2) rakers on epibranchial.

Supraneurals 4(1) or 5(2), obliquely oriented. First supraneural anterior to neural spine of 5 th vertebra, fourth supraneural between neural spines of 7 th and 8 th (1) or 8 th and 9 th (2) vertebra. Origin of dorsal fin at approximately half of SL; first pterygiophore of dorsal fin anterior to neural spine of 9 th vertebra. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9 (43); supernumerary dorsal-fin rays 1(2). Origin of anal fin near half of SL, first pterygiophore of anal fin anterior to haemal spine of 16 th (1) or 17 th (22) vertebra. Anal fin falcate; anal-fin rays iv, 15(1), 16(12), 17*(16), 18(11), 19(2), or 21(1). Pectoral fin i, 12(2), 13(16), 14*(18), 15(6), or 16(1), longest pectoral-fin ray not extending beyond the base of distal pelvic fin ray. Pelvic-fin origin anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i, 7*(43), longest ray of pelvic fin reaching urogenital opening. Caudal fin forked, principal caudal-fin rays on dorsal lobe i, 9(3), and on ventral lobe i, 8(1), 9(2); dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 9(3), ventral procurrent caudal-in rays 8(3). Adipose fin anterior to vertical through base of posteriormost anal-fin ray.

Scales cycloid, with five (3) radii moderately diverging posteriorly from focus to posterior field of scale; conspicuous circulii present dorsally and ventrally of radial field and continuous anteriorly on embedded portion of scale ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 ). Axillary scale on pectoral and pelvic fins. Proximal one third of caudal fin lobes covered by small scales. Lateral line complete; lateral-line tube present on caudal fin posterior to last perforated scale. Pored lateral-line scales 29(1), 30(10), 31*(24), 32(4), or 33(2). Predorsal scales 9(7), 10*(32), or 11(1). Longitudinal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5*(42), longitudinal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3*(41). Middorsal scales between base of posteriormost dorsal-fin ray and adipose-fin 8(10), 9(29), 10(1). Circumpeduncular scales 12(2), 13(14), 14*(14), or 15(5). Total vertebrae 25(3): precaudal vertebrae 12(3), caudal vertebrae 13(3).

Color in alcohol. Overall ground coloration of head and body yellowish. Dorsal portion of head darker than ventral. Tips of upper and lower jaws dark. Infraorbitals with scattered dark pigmentation. Predorsal and preadipose scales dark, forming a longitudinal line along the dorsal midline of body. Posterior margin of scales delineated by chromatophores forming a dark rim resulting in a reticulate pattern on body, more evident on region dorsal of lateral line ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Scales of longitudinal rows on body dorsal to lateral line with dark spots on posterior edge; spot on scales sometimes extending to anterior portion of adjacent scale. Central area of scales of three dorsalmost longitudinal series with lighter spots forming three interrupted stripes. Humeral blotch vertically elongate, with dorsal portion covering horizontally approximately three scales and distinctly darker than ventral portion. Humeral blotch extending vertically on scales of four longitudinal rows. A longitudinal stripe extending from humeral blotch to caudal peduncle; stripe silver on specimens that retain guanine on body, dark on other specimens. A large blotch on base of caudal fin not reaching tips of median caudal-fin rays. Blotch almost rounded with scattered chromatophores on dorsalmost and ventralmost principal caudal-fin rays. Middle portion of caudal-fin rays whitish and tips hyaline. Dorsal, anal, adipose, pectoral and pelvic fins mostly hyaline with few scattered chromatophores ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ).

Color in life. Based on photographs of specimens just after collection. Dorsal portion of head and body olivaceous, ventral portion silvery. Dark pigmentation pattern of coloration in life similar to that described for preserved specimens except that reticulate pattern is less marked than in preserved specimens. An orange to reddish longitudinal stripe on body just below ventralmost interrupted dark stripe. Dorsal region of eyes reddish. A silvery longitudinal stripe extending from humeral spot to caudal peduncle. Middle portion of caudal fin rays, anterior rays of anal fin, dorsal, adipose, pelvic and pectoral fin rays yellow to orange ( Figs. 13–14 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 ).

Distribution. Moenkhausia pirahan occurs in the basins of rio Madeira, rio Trombetas and rio Tapajós, in four of the regions proposed by Dagosta & de Pinna (2017) for the Amazon and neighboring regions (7. Teles Pires, 14. Middle-Lower Madeira, 15. Madeira Shield Tributaries, 26. Trombetas ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 ).

Etymology: The specific epithet, pirahan , is in honor to the Pirahã tribe that live close to type locality of this species, in the county of Humaitá, Amazonas state, Brazil.

T

Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics

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