Leodamas dubia ( Tebble, 1955 )

Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra & Neretina, Tatiana, 2015, Orbiniidae (Annelida: Errantia) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia with notes on orbiniid phylogeny, Zootaxa 4019 (1), pp. 773-801 : 789-797

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.27

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B04907B4-5CA7-48E4-A82B-8C26C4F002E6

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612576

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/057687D3-FFED-FFC0-FF3C-FE74FD68A57B

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Leodamas dubia ( Tebble, 1955 )
status

 

Leodamas dubia ( Tebble, 1955) View in CoL

( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 , 8 View FIGURE 8 , 12 View FIGURE 12 C)

Scoloplos dubia Tebble, 1955: 123 View in CoL –124, fig. 26a–c.

Scoloplos (Leodamas) rubra australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979: 131 View in CoL –132, figs 276–282. Scoloplos (Leodamas) View in CoL dubia— Eibye-Jacobsen 2002: 89 –91, fig. 8A–D.

Material examined. AM W.44579, MI QLD 2422 (3); AM W.46094, MI QLD 2429 (10, 1 photographed); AM W.44762, MI QLD 2429 (5); AM W.44765, MI QLD 2429 (photographed); AM W.44765.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.46098, MI QLD 2439 (7, 1 photographed); AM W.45478, MI QLD 2439; AM W.45478.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.45479, MI QLD 2438 (photographed); AM W.45479.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.45480, MI QLD 2376; AM W.45480.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.44941, MI QLD 2438, posterior fragments.

Description. Body long, slender; thorax flattened dorso-ventrally; abdomen cylindrical ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 A–C, 8A, B). Colour in life pale yellowish in thorax, in abdomen more saturated yellow, with red blood vessels, chaetae golden ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 C). Thoracic width up to 1.1 mm. 15–19 (usually 16–18) thoracic chaetigers. Branchiae starting from chaetiger 6, digitiform, gradually increasing in size; becoming triangular with drawn-up tip, longer and wider than notopodia in abdomen ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 A, D, E, H, 8F, K). Thoracic post-chaetal lobes developed from chaetiger 2 ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 B). Notopodial lobes digitate, increasing in length along thorax; in abdomen becoming triangular or lanceolate, slightly shorter than branchiae ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 A, B, D, E, G, H, 8C, F, K). Thoracic neuropodial postchaetal lobes represented by low ridges; triangular foot papilla of last one or two thoracic chaetigers shifted to upper side ( Figs7 View FIGURE 7 B, С, F, G, 8A– D). Abdominal neuropodial lobes rectangular, bilobed, supported by thick, curved, projecting acicula; with digitate outer lobe and reduced inner lobe ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 H, I, 8F, G). Parapodial flange not developed. No subpodal, stomach or flange papillae. Dorsal organs as short curved strips seen in each segment dorsally ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 D). Notopodia bearing crenulated capillary chaetae in both thorax and abdomen; abdominal notopodia additionally having forked chaetae with equal tines and pointed tips ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 J). Thoracic neuropodia with four rows of straight hooded slightly serrated hooks; hooks in anterior row shorter and thicker than in posterior ones; upper hooks thicker than lower ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 B, C, F, G, 8C–E); two or three crenulated capillary chaetae located in upper part of posterior row ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 B, C, F, G, 8C– E). Abdominal neuropodia with crenulated capillary chaetae and very thick projecting acicula; its shape vary from almost straight to bent almost 180° ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 I–K, 8G–I). Pygidium with four short cirri, one pair ventrolateral and the other lateral ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 K).

Remarks. Leodamas dubia was originally described from the Gold Coast ( Ghana, West Africa) as Scoloplos dubia . The species was characterized by having 21–23 thoracic chaetigers, branchiae starting from chaetiger 7, and hooked aciculae in abdominal neuropodia. Eibye-Jacobsen (2002) described numerous specimens from the Thai sector of the Andaman Sea, which he referred to this species. Thai specimens had 18–21 thoracic chaetigers and differed from original description by branchiae starting from chaetiger 6 and shape of abdominal notopodial lobes. Eibye-Jacobsen (2002) also synonymized S. (L.) rubra australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979 with S. (L.) dubia based on the characteristic hooked shape of the neuropodial aciculae. Specimens reported here correspond well to descriptions by Eibye-Jacobsen (2002) and Hartmann-Schröder (1979) and differ by having a lower number of thoracic chaetigers (15–19 instead of 18–21 and 23). As noted for specimens from the Andaman Sea, worms from Lizard Island exhibit large variability in the shape of neuropodial aciculae; they can be almost straight, slightly bent or curved almost 180°. Hence, for correct identification of this species it is necessary to check parapodia from certain abdominal region (20th–45th abdominal chaetigers according to Eibye-Jacobsen (2002)). Otherwise specimens could be referred to other species of Leodamas , i.e., L. rubra ( Webster, 1879) differing mainly by less curved aciculae.

There is a possibility that West-African and Indo-Pacific populations of L. dubia represent different species as they show important morphological differences. To resolve this issue further investigations are needed.

Molecular analyses. The 18S and 16S sequence analyses ( Figs 13 View FIGURE 13 , 14 View FIGURE 14 ) indicated that Leodamas dubia belongs in the clade that consists of L. rubra and L. johnstonei . This clade also includes Leitoscoloplos bifurcatus . As mentioned above, morphologically Leodamas and Leitoscoloplos are very different from each other and molecular analysis contradicts morphological data. The genetic distance between L. rubra and L. dubia is less than 2% for 18S sequences and approximately 10% for 16S sequences. The analysis of orbiniid phylogeny performed by Bleidorn et al. (2009) showed that L. rubra and L. johnstonei form a clade that is a sister clade to all other orbiniid species, but in our trees species of Leodamas did not form sister group to other orbiniids.

abdominal notopodia; K. Regenerating posterior end with pygidium. Genus Naineris Blainville, 1828

Nais Fabricius, 1780: 315 –316.

Naineris Blainville, 1828: 490 View in CoL –491.

Nainereis View in CoL .— Hartman 1957: 296; Pettibone 1957: 160.6

Type-species. Nais quadricuspida Fabricius, 1780 , by original designation.

Diagnosis. Prostomium rounded to square in front; one achaetous peristomial ring. Thoracic neurochaetae may include crenulate capillaries, hooks and subuluncini, or crenulate capillaries only, abdominal furcate notochaetae present or absent. First pair of branchiae starting on any thoracic chaetiger from 2 to 23, branchial bases widely separated mid-dorsally. Thoracic neuropodia with 0–2 podal papillae; subpodal papillae and interramal cirri absent.

close-up of lower part with hooks and capillaries; G. Abdominal parapodia; H. Abdominal neuropodia. Naineris grubei australis Hartman, 1957

( Figs 9–11 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 , 12 View FIGURE 12 D)

Naineris grubei australis Hartman, 1957: 303 View in CoL –304, pl. 39, figs 1–4.

Naineris grubei australis View in CoL .— Day 1977: 238; Hutchings & Rainer 1979: 761; Hartmann-Schröder 1980: 66.

between bases of branchiae; G. Close-up view of abdomen, note ciliated ridge (cr) and dorsal organs (do).

Material examined. AM W.44763, MI QLD 2429 (photographed); AM W.44763.001, tissue for molecular study; AM W.44038, MI QLD 2340 (photographed, juvenile).

grubei australis (?), juvenile. Photo: Alexander Semenov.

Description. Body long, cylindrical, thorax slightly flattened ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 A, B). Prostomium broad rectangular.

Thorax 1.6 mm wide for 43 thoracic chaetigers. Branchiae from chaetiger 6, well developed from beginning, triangular with narrow slender tips; in posterior thorax and abdomen becoming longer than notopodia ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 A, C, G, 10A, B, F); on each segment two branchiae widely separated mid-dorsally and connected by raised ciliated ridge ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 F, G). Postchaetal parapodial lobes developed from chaetiger 1. Thoracic notopodial lobes triangular with narrow slender tips, in abdomen narrow digitiform ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 D, G, 10A, F). Thoracic neuropodial lobes represented by postchaetal ridge with round or elongated papilla; in anterior thorax papilla located in middle of ridge, in middle and posterior part shifted dorsally ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 C–F, 10A). Abdominal neuropodia with long triangular outer lobe and reduced round inner lobe, supported by 3–5 aciculae ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 G, H, 10B). No subpodal flange, interramal cirri, subpodal or stomach papillae. Dorsal organs represented by five pairs of ciliated spots in each segment ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 G). All notochaetae crenulate capillaries, in both thorax and abdomen. Thoracic neurochaetae of three kinds: capillaries, subuluncini with thick base and sharply tapering tips, and straight, hooded hooks located mostly in lower part of neuropodia ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 D–F, 10A, C, D). Abdominal neuropodial lobes supported by 3–4 projecting straight serrated aciculae ( Figs 9 View FIGURE 9 H, 10E). Posterior end unknown.

Juvenile specimen ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 A–C) similar to the description above in prostomial shape, segment of branchiae start, shape of branchiae and podial lobes. It has only 18 thoracic chaetigers, and a thoracic width of 0.8 mm, and most probably belongs to the same species. Colouration in life white, pale yellowish, with brown dots (statocysts) near bases of each branchia in thorax ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 D).

Remarks. Naineris grubei australis was described from the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia, and later was found in Victoria, New South Wales, and Western Australia ( Hutchings & Rainer 1979; Hutchings & Murray 1984; Hartmann-Schröder 1980). Specimens reported herein agree well with the previous descriptions. The present study expands the distribution of this species to Queensland.

Molecular analyses. According to sequencing data for 18S rRNA ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ) and 16S rRNA gene fragments ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 ) of Naineris grubei australis , this species belongs in an unresolved clade that contains all Nainereis species and also all Phylo and Orbinia species as well as Orbiniella plumisetosa , Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata , Scoloplos normalis , Scoloplos dayi and Leodamas tribulosus . The sequencing data for the CO1 fragment ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ) indicates that Naineris grubei australis belongs in a separate group with another Naineris species and Protoaricia oerstedii ; however, this group lacks support (51%).

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Annelida

Class

Polychaeta

Family

Orbiniidae

Genus

Leodamas

Loc

Leodamas dubia ( Tebble, 1955 )

Zhadan, Anna, Stupnikova, Alexandra & Neretina, Tatiana 2015
2015
Loc

Scoloplos (Leodamas) rubra australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1979 : 131

Eibye-Jacobsen 2002: 89
Hartmann-Schroder 1979: 131
1979
Loc

Naineris grubei australis

Hartmann-Schroder 1980: 66
Hutchings 1979: 761
Day 1977: 238
1977
Loc

Nainereis

Hartman 1957: 296
1957
Loc

Naineris grubei australis

Hartman 1957: 303
1957
Loc

Scoloplos dubia

Tebble 1955: 123
1955
Loc

Naineris

Blainville 1828: 490
1828
Loc

Nais

Fabricius 1780: 315
1780
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