Araeosoma paucispinum H.L. Clark, 1925c

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 21-22

Araeosoma paucispinum H.L. Clark, 1925c

Fig. 18 A–C.

Araeosoma paucispinum H.L. Clark, 1924: 4 . Pl. II; Mortensen, 1935: 251 –254. Pls. XLI–XLII. Pl. LXXIX, Figs 1–9 ; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 219; A.M. Clark, 1977: 133; Schultz, 2011: 1081, Fig. 1887.

Material examined. MBC-A 022777; MBC-A 022814; MBC-A023304; MBC-A 022221.

Identification. Test of live specimen high with circular outline. Apical plates small and widely spaced; madreporite divided into two or more parts, in some cases extending over some of the periproctal plates. Secondary ambulacra plates reduced to tablet around pore-pairs, slightly horizontal arcs. Tridentate pedicellariae with strongly involute, curved valves absent. Live specimen dark violet, when preserved reddish in color.

Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 135 mm.

Global distribution. Endemic to East coast region of South Africa, at 360–454 m depth (Clark & Courtman- Stock 1976).

Remarks. Specimens in very poor condition, making it difficult to report on tubercles and some other structures.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum).

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235).

FIGURE 18. Araeosoma paucispinum (SAMC- A 222221). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.