Apiochaeta vitticollis ( Blanchard, 1852 ), 2008

Lonsdale, Owen & Marshall, Stephen A., 2008, Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae), Zootaxa 1944 (1), pp. 1-33 : 28-29

Apiochaeta vitticollis ( Blanchard, 1852)

Figs 1 , 6 , 11 , 27, 28 , 37 , 42 , 51

Helomyza vitticollis Blanchard, 1852: 452 .

Peratochaetvs limbipennis Rondani, 1863: 43 . Syn. nov.

Alloclusia limbipennis, Malloch, 1933: 238 .

Apiochaeta (?) vitticollis, Malloch, 1933: 245 .

Description ( Figs 1 , 6 , 51 , 52)

Male. Body length 3.6–5.8mm. Arista pubescent. Four fronto-orbital bristles (anterior reclinate bristle slightly shorter). One strong lateral scutellar bristle. Interfrontal bristle minute. Scutum yellow with one pair of stripes. Scutellum yellow with lateral margin brown. Katatergite brown and anatergite yellow. Pleuron and legs yellow with thin brown subnotal stripe. Head yellow with ocellar tubercle brown, occiput with brown spot behind lower margin of eye and frons sometimes with long median stripe (not reaching anterior margin). Tergites 1 and (sometimes) 6 yellow; tergites 2–5 and epandrium brown; annulus sometimes brown; surstylus and cerci yellow. Wing lightly clouded around dm-cu and within costal and first radial cells; base of second median cell sometimes lightly clouded; wings infrequently clear.

Female ( Fig. 11 ). As described for male except as follows: abdomen yellow with median anterior spot on tergites 2–5 (thinnest on anterior tergites) and sometimes with lateral stripes; abdomen occasionally brown (excluding terminalia).

Male terminalia ( Figs 27, 28 , 37 & 42 ). As described for A. lenticula except as follows: surstylus more stout, constricted medially, and inner ridge more pronounced posteriorly; postgonite with additional medial setulae; lateral spinulose projection of distiphallus unbranched; distiphallus with left sclerotized margin elongate and unbranched; epiphallus well developed.

Female terminalia. Spermathecae weakly sclerotized, spherical smooth-surfaced, nearly as long as sternite 8 and unpigmented. Spermathecal ducts thin and weakly sclerotized. Ventral receptacle poorly sclerotized, sac-like, recurved, slightly flattened dorsoventrally, transversely wrinkled and with one pair of ventral longitudinal wrinkles.

Neotype: CHILE. Linares : Malcho – 750m, Parral-Talca, 24–26.i.1993, mixed forest, yellow pan trap, L. Peña (♂, CNC).

Additional material examined [pigmented wings]: ARGENTINA. Chubut: east shore of Lago Rivadavia , 510m, 15.i.1986, R.T. Schuh (♀, AMNH) , Río Turbiom 21.vi.1962, A. Kovacs (♀, BMNH) , Río Negro: El Bolson, 12.xi.1963, A. Kovacs (♂, AMNH) , El Bolson , 18.ii.1961, A. Kovacs (♀, BMNH) , Neuquén: southern bank of Lago Mascardi, 33 km SW Bariloche, 5 km off Ruta Nacional 258, 41°21.47’S, 71°34.04’W, W small creek, Large Juncus -swamp, lightly grazed by horses, swept, eclector, 17.iii.1996, M.v. Tschirnhaus (♀, FBUB) . CHILE. Araco: 20km W Caramavida, Nahuelbuta , 13.i. 1967, 750m, E.I. Schlinger (♀, CASC) , Biobío: El Abanico, 31.xii.1950, Ross & Michelbacher (2♀, CASC) , El Abanico , 31.xii.1950, Ross & Michelbacher (♀, CASC) , Cardenal Caro: Pañul, ~ 30km S Pichilemu, Molino del Agua , 25.xi.2006, S.A. Marshall (♂ 3♀, DEBU) , Cautín : 20km E Temuco, 8.i.1951, Ross & Michelbacher (♀, CASC) , 10mi NE Pucón , 12.i.1951, Ross & Michelbacher (2♀, CASC) , Chiloé: Isla Chiloé, Ahoni Alto , ix.1998, L.E. Peña (8♂ 4♀, CMNH) , Cordillera: Reserva Nacional, Rio Clarillo , Región Metropolitana, 1– 3.xii.2006, S.A. Marshall (2♂ 4♀, DEBU) [alcohol-preserved], Linares: Fundo Malcho, Linares , i.1958, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC) , Pata de Gallina , 10–25.i.1993, ex. yellow pan traps, P. Salinas (2♀, CNC) , Llanquihue: Los Muermos forest , 20.i.1951, Ross & Michelbacher (2♂, CASC) , 19.i.1951 (2♀, CASC) , Malleco: Angol , 31.xii.1950, Ross & Michelbacher (♀, CASC) , 1.i.1951 (♀ ♂, CASC) , Palo Botado, Cord. Nahuelbuta, N.P. Contulmo , 37°40’S, 72°55’W, 1.ii.1967, E.I. Schlinger (♂, CASC) , R.I.X, PN Nahuelbuta , 8–24.ii. 2005, 1168m, 37°49’30”S, 72°58’24”W, Malaise trap in meadow and Nothofagus, UCR AtoL (4♂ 3♀, CNC) ,

Ñuble: 40km E San Carlos , 23.xii.1950, Ross & Michelbacher (2♀ 2♂, CASC) , 15km E San Carlos , 23.xii.1950, Ross & Michelbacher (♀, CASC) , Osorno : 10km E of Puyehue , 26.i.1951, Ross & Michelbacher (♂ ♀, CASC) , 20km E Puyehue , 26.i.1951, Ross & Michelbacher (♂, CASC) , 12mi NE Pucón , 380m, 12.i.1951, Ross & Michelbacher (2♀, CASC) , San Antonio: V (fifth) Region , ~ 40km S St. Domingo Reserva Nacional El Yali , 24.xi.2006, S.A. Marshall (♀ ♂, DEBU) , Santiago: xi–xii.1952, M. Cerda (2♀, AMNH) , 7km W Santiago, A. Goering , Malaise trap, 6–11.i.1992 (2♀, DEBU) , 3–4.i.1992 (♀, DEBU) , Quebrada de la Plata, 33°30’S, 70°55’W, nr Maipu , 12.iii. 1966, 550m, Malaise trap, M.E. Irwin (♀, CASC) , Queb. de la Plata, 510m, Rinconada, Maipu , Malaise trap, 3.iv.1966, M.E. Irwin, 30°31’S, 70°47’W (♀ ♂, CASC) , Talca : 22mi N Talca , 22.xii.1950, Ross & Michelbacher (♀, CASC) , Valparaíso: Juan Fernández Islands, Robinson Crusoe Isl.: Plazoleta, El Yunque, pans nr Plazoleta campsite, 23–29.i.1992, S.A. Marshall (4♀, MNNC) , upper part of plazoleta El Yunque , pans, trail, ferns, steep, 23–28.i.1992. S.A. Marshall, (♀, DEBU) , Mirador Selkirk , 24–28.i.1992 (♀, DEBU) , Plazoleta, trail sweep, 1–8.i.1993, S.A. Marshall, (2♂, MNNC; ♂, DEBU), S side Mirador Selkirk , sweep, 4–8.i.1993, S.A. Marshall, (♂, DEBU) , N side Mirador , Malaise trap, 1– 10.i.1993, S.A. Marshall, (♂, MNNC) , upper forest, el Yunque trail, 9.i.1993 (♂, DEBU) , 1–10.i.1993, Bahia Cumberland (♀, DEBU) , 29.xii.1992, lower trail nr town, sweep, sweep nr town, Marshall & Gonzales (♀, DEBU) , 3.i.1993, Bahia Cumberland , Malaise trap over crk., S.A. Marshall, (♀, DEBU) , Puerto Ingles , 5.i.1993, upper forest (♀, DEBU) , 1–11.i.1993, Bahia Cumberland , Malaise trap, Marshall & Gonzales (♀, DEBU) , 1–9.i.1993, “El Camote”, upper el Yunque Trail, Malaise trap, fern forest, S.A. Marshall, (♂, DEBU) ,

Valdivia: Llancacura, 19.i.1966, N. Hichins, ex. coll. L. Marnef (♀, ISNB), R.P. Reed (♀, CASC) .

Additional material examined (clear wings): CHILE. Arauco: Pichinahuel Cord. Nahuelbuta , 15.i.1959, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC) , Cautín: Rio Blanco, Curacautín Malleco , ii.1964, 1100m, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC) , Linares: Fundo Malcho, Cord. Parral , i.1958, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC) , Ñuble: Las Trancas , 1250m, 10.xii.1982 – 3.i.1983, A. Newton & M. Thayer (♂, CNC) .

Comments: Apiochaeta vitticollis is a relatively widespread species occurring in Argentina and Chile including the Juan Fernandez Islands. The entire anterior margin of the wing is very dark in this species and the surstylus is constricted subapically on both sides to form a distal lobe.

Malloch (1933) discussed Helomyza vitticollis as a possible member of Apiochaeta , but we have been unable to locate the holotype (we have checked most major European museums, including the MNHN in Paris). Since the type will likely never be recovered, and the description in Blanchard (1852) could apply to any of three other known Chilean species ( A. limbipennis , A. tincticornis Malloch and A. bicolor ), we have decided to resolve the issue by synonymizing H. vitticollis with one of these three candidate species. We have chosen to treat H. vitticollis as a conspecific with A. limbipennis syn. nov. ( Fig. 51 ), because it is the most common of the three species and therefore the most likely to have been available to Blanchard. A male neotype from the CNC is here designated for H. vitticollis ; the same individual is designated as the neotype for H. vitticollis (the type of which is also lost—see above) to permanently solidify the above synonymy.

Figures

FIGURE 51. Apiochaeta vitticollis (Blanchard), female. Fig. 52: Apiochaeta similis-complex, female. Chile, Reserve Nacional, Rio Clarillo, Region Metropolitana.

FIGURES 1&2. heads; 1: Apiochaeta vitticollis (Blanchard); 2: A. aterrima Malloch.

FIGURES 3–9. Wings; 3: Apiochaeta philippii (Rondani); 4: A. pictipennis (Wulp); 5: A. chiloensis (Malloch); 6: A. vitticollis (Blanchard); 7: A. lenticula sp. n.; 8: A. varia (Malloch); 9: A. costalis (Malloch).

FIGURES 10&11. female internal genitalia, ventral (double lines indicate the removal of an elongate medial section); 10: Apiochaeta connexa (Malloch); 11: A. vitticollis (Blanchard). Fig. 12: annulus, left posterolateral view, A. varia (Malloch). Abbreviations: S, sternite; T, tergite.

FIGURES 27–34. External male terminalia; Figs. 27–28: Apiochaeta vitticollis (Blanchard); 27: left lateral; 28: posterior; Figs. 29–30: A. dacryodes sp. n.; 29: left lateral; 30: posterior; Figs. 31–32: A. pictipennis (Wulp);–31: left lateral;– 32: posterior; Figs. 33–34: A. similis (Malloch); 33: left lateral; 34: posterior.

FIGURES 35–38. Internal male genitalia; 35: Apiochaeta furcillata sp. n., left lateral; 36: A. tincticornis (Malloch), left lateral; 37: A. varia (Malloch), left lateral; 38: A. excepta (Malloch) detail of “basal joint” of basiphallus, anterior view.

FIGURES 39–43. Internal genitalia, left lateral; 39: Apiochaeta lenticula sp. n.; 40: A. chiloensis (Malloch); 41: A. philippii (Rondani); 42: A. vitticollis (Blanchard); 43: A. pictipennis (Wulp).